곡물의 식이섬유를 강화시키고자 10종류의 담자균류를 현미에 증식시켰으며 균체증식동안에 각종 효소활성과 식 이섬유양의 변화를 비교분석 하였다. 10종의 버섯균중 운 지, 느타리, 장수, 토끼털송편버섯이 곡물을 배양기질로 하 였을 때 비교적 양호한 균체성장을 보여주었으며, amylase 및 protease의 활성도 이들 균주에서 비교적 높 게 나타났다. 이들 균주는 배양 6일까지는 효소(amylase, protease)의 활성이 증가하다 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였 는데 이중 장수버섯균이 두 효소모두에 양호한 활성을 가 지고 있었다. 현미중 식이섬유는 불용성 식이섬유가 17%, 수용성식이섬유는 검출되지 않았다. 이 식이섬유는 버섯 균 증식에 의하여 대부분 감소한데 비하여 토끼털송편버 섯균의 증식에 의하여 5%정도 증가하였다. 이외에 현미에 버섯균의 증식에 의하여 약간의 색상의 변화를 가져왔는 데 운지버섯균 및 토끼털송편버섯균 증식에 의해서 적색 도가 유의적으로 증가하였다.

This paper suggest the methods when we solve problems by TRIZ before grasp of customer needs by Kano model. Recently, many companies are very interested in TRIZ such as Six Sigma. Especially, the company commences to use TRIZ for solving a lot of problems in which occur by products and services. But It will be happen a lot of time and costs to solve all problems completely. Finally, This paper helps more effective problem definition to avail Kano model for reducing time and costs at solving problems by TRIZ.

장스팬 철골부재설계시, 응력보다는 처짐에 의해 부재단면이 결정되며 이러한 경우 춤을 극대화 할 수 있는 셀룰러 빔이 매우 유리하다. 셀룰러 빔은 웨브의 단면결손으로 인해 웨브의 좌굴강도가 일반형강보의 비해 작아지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 셀룰러 빔의 개구부간격과 직경비, 그리고 개구부직경과 웨브두께비를 주요변수로 비선형 유한요소해석을 통해 웨브포트의 좌굴강도를 평가하였다. 또한 이를 BS5950 Part 1에서 제시하고 있는 기준과 비교분석하였다.

담자균 Koji를 제조하고자 각종 곡물류에 10종류의 담자균류를 증식시켜 각종 효소활성과 기능성 성분으로서 혈전용해활성을 비교분석 하였다. 버섯균의 종류를 달리한 Koji중 영지버섯의 β-amylase활성이 가장 높았으며 이후 표고, 느타리, 노루궁뎅이버섯 순이었다. Protease활성은 느타리, 노루궁뎅이, 표고, 영지버섯 순이었다.또한, 이 두 효소는 모두 곡물의 종류에 따라서 Koji간 활성차이가 나타났으며, 각종 버섯균이 배양된 담자균 Koji의 혈전용해활성은 영지, 장수, 만가닥 버섯순 이었다. 담자균 koji의 기능성 향상을 위해 기능성 원소인 Ge와 Se의 첨가가 버섯균 생장에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 Se은 100ppm 이하, Ge은 500ppm 이하의 농도에서는 버섯균의 생장에 큰 지장을 초래하지 않았다.

곡물의 식이섬유를 강화시키고자 10종류의 담자균류를 현미에 증식시켰으며 균체증식동안에 각종 효소활성과 식이섬유양의 변화를 비교분석 하였다. 10종의 버섯균중 운지, 느타리, 장수, 토끼털송편버섯이 곡물을 배양기질로 하였을 때 비교적 양호한 균체성장을 보여주었으며, amylase 및 protease의 활성도 이들 균주에서 비교적 높게 나타났다. 이들 균주는 배양 6일까지는 효소(amylase, protease)의 활성이 증가하다 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 이중 장수버섯균이 두 효소모두에 양호한 활성을 가지고 있었다. 현미중 식이섬유는 불용성 식이섬유가 17%, 수용성식이섬유는 검출되지 않았다. 이 식이섬유는 버섯균 증식에 의하여 대부분 감소한데 비하여 토끼털송편버섯균의 증식에 의하여 5%정도 증가하였다. 이외에 현미에 버섯균의 증식에 의하여 약간의 색상의 변화를 가져왔는데 운지버섯균 및 토끼털송편버섯균 증식에 의해서 적색도가 유의적으로 증가하였다.

Field emission display(FED) is actively investigated in view of the development of full color flat-panel display, which can replace some cathode-ray tube(CRT). Thus, the development of new phosphors appropriate for FED is urgently needed and has been actively investigated. In this work, SrTiO3:Pr3+ phosphor was prepared by sol-gel method and the coating was applied by sol-gel method combined with sonication on these phosphor's surface into diluted precursor solution. It was found that very fine particles of coating material were formed on phosphor's surface. The luminescent intensity of SrTiO3:Pr3+ phosphor coated with SiO2 and Al2O3 was considerably increased without any noticeable change in color chromaticity. The optimum concentration of coating material was found to be 1wt% and the optimum pH value of the solution was 10.

The purpose of this paper is to present a potentially useful interview template for longitudinal, qualitative ESL motivation research. For this purpose, I recruited 10 Korean ESL learners in Toronto, Canada to investigate the differential effects of three types of interviews (i.e., open-ended, semi-structured, and structured interviews) for eliciting learners’ comments on ESL learning motivation. Each participant was interviewed two or three times over four months. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. Thematic analyses based on Ratner’s (2002) meaning unit indicated that for initial exploratory purposes, open-ended formats are the most appropriate; whereas for subsequent investigations, semi-structured formats are the most effective. The beneficial washback experienced as a result of the interviews strongly supports the use of these methods, not only as research tools but as learning tools for enhancing learners’ metacognitive awareness of their own ESL learning and for their emotional stabilization.

This studies were carried out in summer season to increase high temperature tolerance using hydrogen peroxide treatments on cucumber in greenhouse. The water stress of cucumber in greenhouse by the hydrogen peroxide treatments showed as control〉250 mM〉500 mM treatments in order. The photosynthesis rate of cucumber at 30℃ did not show difference with each hydrogen peroxide treatment in temperature controlled greenhouse. However, the photosynthesis rate of cucumber in the control and hydrogen peroxide treatments at 40℃ was significantly different. The photosynthesis rate of cucumber in combined treatment with 1,000 mg·L-1 CO2 supply and hydrogen peroxide was also higher than control, however, there was no different of photosynthesis in 250 mM and 500 mM treatment. The value of Fv/Fm and Fm/Fo of chlorophyll fluorescent in 500 mM hydrogen peroxide treatment at 40℃ was highest. Also the activity of POD, the antioxidant enzyme, was higher with high hydrogen peroxide concentration than the other treatments. The high temperature limits for growth were 43℃ in the control, 44℃ in the 250 mM and 46℃ in the 500 mM according to analyze chlorophyll fluorescent Fo. The high temperature tolerance in cucumber increased approximately 3℃ by the hydrogen peroxide treatments under this experiment conditions.

Rhus verniciflura of the Anacardiaceae family well known as the lacquer tree has been used not only as a material for coating with sap but as a herbal medicine for thousands of years. However, it has been limited access to application as a food additive because urushiol compounds are able to cause irritation, inflammation or blistering of the skin to mammalian. So, in previous study, we investigated as a new approach to effect of mushroom sp.(12 species) on urushiol contents in the stem bark of Rhus verniciflua and found that some mushroom species were able to decrease urushiol contents by 93 to 97%. And detoxified Rhus verniciflua had some functional effect for antioxidative, antihyperlipidemic, nitrite scavenging, ACE(angiotensin converting enzyme) or tyrosinase inhibitory effect. Also, detoxified Rhus verniciflua was evaluated for TH(tyrosine hydroxylase), related to Parkinson's disease, enhancement in pc12 cells or rat brain region, and for cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The TH gene expression was increased in a dose, time-dependant fashion from the both pc12 cells and rat brain. THIR( Immunoreactive) neurons in the rat midbrain were generated and cell body of it was increased from the observation throughout immnohistochemistry. Cytotoxicity for cancer cells (T24, Saos) was significantly increased, as dose or time increase, whereas, for the normal cell line (NIH3T3) was not effected.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 13(1). This case study illustrates the changes of five Korean English as a Second Language (ESL) students' language learning motivation in Toronto. For each participant, semi-structured interviews were conducted once a month for six months. The data demonstrate that 1) in the initial phase, their ESL motivation is represented by extrinsic motivation, which is related to their future job opportunities, and they try to actively participate in the target language community: 2) in the middle phase, they feel a growing sense of intrinsic motivation, but at the same time experience challenges in maintaining intrinsic motivation due to their ESL school or homestay changes: and 3) in the last phase, intrinsic motivation atrophies, and they focus on ESL learning either on their own or with the help of native speaking English tutors. The data show that the nature of ESL motivation of the students in the study is influenced by their unique sociocultural surroundings. The findings imply that without continuous effort to participate in the target language community, study abroad in an ESL society does not guarantee expected ESL proficiency.

동절기 시설내 온도분포를 균일하게 하기 위하여 온풍난방기용 이중덕트를 개발하고자 본 연구를 수행한 결과 관행 온풍덕트의 각 지점간 토출구 송풍온도 차이가 13 ～ 14℃인데 비하여 개선형 덕트인 이중덕트의 토출구 송풍온도 차이가 3 ～ 4℃로 나타나 각 지점간의 온도 불균형이 크게 개선되었으며 이중덕트의 각지점간의 생육정도도 관행덕트에 비해 크게 향상 된 것으로 나타났다. 수량에 있어서도 관행덕트를 사용한 재배시설에서 10a당 3,924kg에 비하여 이중덕트를 사용한 재배가 4,616kg으로 약 17%가 증수되었다. 그리고 반촉성 재배기간 동안 난방에 소요된 연료소모량은 관행덕트가 3,724ι/10a인데 비하여 이중덕트가 3,233ι 13%의 연료절감효과가 있다.

This study was conducted to determine the daily application rate and amount of N and K with fertigation during different growth stages in semi-forcing culture of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Eunseongbaekdadagi). The diagnostic criteria for N and K also investigated based on petiole sap analysis. The dry weight increased slowly until 30 days after transplanting. The highest dry weights were observed at 60 days after planting, then it decreased. As the plant grew, the contents of N and K in the petiole sap and fruit of cucumber decreased. The daily uptake of N and K were highly correlated with the growing days. The NO3 concentrations in petiole sap were in the range from 3,500 to 4,500 mgㆍL-1 in the early growth stage, but those were in the range from 2,000 to 3,000 mgㆍL-1 after then. However, K concentration in petiole sap were in the rang from 5,000 to 7,000 mgㆍL-1 The fluctuation in petiole sap concentration of K was severe in the monthly fertigation and moderate in the daily fertigation. The fertigation by petiole sap diagnosis forced EC of soil to be low and yield to increase compared to the control.

Many cultural heritages for the modern ages in Korea are becoming lost rapidly as a result of subsequent technological innovation and changes in industrial structures and other reasons. But they are indispensable for an understanding of history, tradition culture of Korea, and form the basis for development and advancement of future culture at the same time. Therefore, this study is aimed to review the protection of cultural heritage in Japan, establishing the protection policies in Korea. In Japan, The Advisory Committee for the Preservation and Utilization of Modern Cultural heritage was organized by The Agency for Cultural Affairs. And this classified modern cultural heritage into four fields, as like; (1)monuments, (2)buildings, (3)fine arts and historical heritage, and (4)life, culture, and technology to pursue concrete research and study. The next step is tarrying out investigations to identify these cultural heritages, which were once the backbone of Japanese modernization and are now in the process of being lost, in an effort to preserve them as cultural heritage of the Japanese modernization period. The investigation will have conducted on an about eight year scheme starting with 1996. And it's will ask all local boards of education(of the prefectures, cities, towns, and villages throughout the country) to supply all related records or documents available and to cooperate in field studies. So now, many cultural heritages for the modern ages in Japan have been designated as Important Cultural Properties, Registered Tangible Cultural Properties, Monuments, etc. And they have been prepared various tax policy(ex, reduction of the real estate tax). Also, that's examples are not only one by one but magnified with protection of large-scale construction associated with region. In addition, magnified with region's activities. In conclusion, in the process, protection has been extended to a broader variety of cultural properties and much consideration has been given to the methods of protection in Japan.

With a view to investigating how Epimedium koreanum Nakai affects formation of melanin content in skin, we have measured change in the number of cell, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity by treating its aqueous extracts at various concentrations with B16 melanoma cells, the result of which is as follows: Firstly, cell viability has been shown as over 95% when treating with the aqueous extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai up to 200 ug/mL, from which the effect of cell toxicology has not nearly appeared. Secondly, the number of cell has been slightly decreased than that of the control group when treating with the aqueous extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai, which has not shown a statistical noteworthiness. Thirdly, the aqueous extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai has increased in tyrosinase activity. Fourthly, the aqueous extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai has promoted the formation of melanin content, its final product. According to the result, it is confirmed that Epimedium koreanum Nakai has the influence on promoting melanization of B16 melanoma cell, and it is considered that Epimedium koreanum Nakai can be applicable for curing vitiligo caused by decrease or loss of pigment through a systematic study.

This study aims to infer the plan and location of the government office building in Chongju Castle in the Late Yi-dynasty. The conclusion is as follows: 1. The Chongju Castle Map(淸州邑城圖, late in the 18th century, hereinafter referred to CCM) provides the detail arrangement and location of Government Office Building in Chongju Castle. And the road structure and plan of the CCM is almost same with the present time. 2. As compared with CCM and a Chongju-land Registration Map(淸州面地籍原圖, 1913, CRM) to infer the location of the traditional government office building in Chongju Castle, the building locations of Gaek-Sa(客舍) Donghun(東軒)'s region in CCM are almost accordance with today's. But those of Byungyoung(兵營) Group's region are represented by a little error. So the locations of Byungyoung(兵營) Group's region rearranged, moved down to be in accordance with the approach circulation of Main Gate(閉門樓) which is shown in CRM. 3. The records, on the plan of the traditional government office building in Chongju Castle, have proved that the plan of Gaek-Sa was a width of 11 bay and a depth of 2 bay. A width of 3 bay drawn in CCM, the present plan of Donghun is a width of 7 bay and a depth of 4 bay. The main building and especially the double-storied Main Gate($4{\times}3$ 수식 이미지) of Byungyoung Group are exactly in keeping with the present road structure.

In the separation of toluene/n-heptane mixture by the emulsion type liquid membrane in a batch system, the effect of surfactants on the separation factor and membrane stability were studied over the surfactant concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 wt% at the contact time of 5 and 10 minutes and the settling time 5 and 10 minutes. The surfactants used were triethanol amine lauryl sulfate. The separation factor reached its maximum value at the surfactant concentration of 0.5 wt%. It was found that the percentage of membrane breakup reached its minium values and the separation factor showed its maximum value at the surfactant concentration of 0.5 wt%, which confirmed that efficient separation could be effect when emulsion liquid membrane were stable because of low membrane break up.

In the meantime, the study of traditional and contemporary house had been produced so many achievements in korea, but modern house is yet to be solved, Accordingly, It is necessary to develop and present the basic research data in order to build up an objective study for urban house in the modern age(1910-1945), Following to a study on the foreigner's house in grid-type settlement of Open Ports, in this research is to investigate and analyze modern houses of urban areas in korean inland, and then clarify types and changes of them. In the first year(1995~96), the modern houses of Central Inland Districts(arrounding river Kumgang)-Kunsan kanggyong Puyo Kongju Pugang Chongju were investigated by the layout of room, the construction and materials, the design and style, etc. In the second year(1996~97), the modern houses of Open Market(開市場)-Seoul Taegu Kwangju Taejon Chonju were conducted to investigate as above. The traditional house transformed by differentiation and addition of room(kan), the various types were respectively adopted for the korean reforming and western cultural house. In the layout of room, the types of plan were gradually concentrated from the single wings of korean traditional house. The korean traditional house was later improved through the introduction of entrance, corridor, and internal toilet/bathroom. But the korean under-floor heating system(andal) and a series of three rooms had been entirely maintained, composed of master bedroom/living room(daechung)/room. And the traditional town house with shop and storage, being built closely to each other and walled up both sides, it had taken gradually the extensive characteristics in itself. By the displacement of shop/dwelling/ storage. the various types were respectively adopted for the separated, multi-storied, and complex type. The type of them was gradually changed to the narrow and linear form. And so with the stockpile of fundamental datas about modern houses in korean urban areas, we expect these results contribute to the knowledge of the spatial characteristics of urban house at present which are required to the understanding of transition as well as types.