계룡산국립공원 동월계곡의 삼림군집구조 분석을 실시하기 위해 41개 조사구를 설치하고, 식생조사를 실시하였다. Classification 기법 중 하나인 TWINSPAN을 이용하여 군락분리를 시도한 결과, 서어나무군락(I), 때죽나무군락(II), 소나무A군락(III), 상수리나무군락(IV). 소나무-굴참나무군락(V), 소나무B군락(Ⅵ). 그리고 신갈나무군락(Ⅶ)의 7개 군락으로 최종 분리되었다. 각각의 군락은 상대우점치를 이용하여 군집구조를 밝혔다. 연륜분석결과 동월계곡의 주요 식생의 임령은 약 30~50년 안팎으로 밝혀졌다. 단위면적당(100 cm2) 평균 출현종수는 15.6±4.7종. 평균 출현개체수는 124.9±36.4주이었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 계룡산국립공원 동월계곡의 식생천이는 소나무림에서 굴참나무 등 참나무류를 거쳐 서어나무로 진행될 것으로 예상되었다.

This study was in line with consecutive growth of urban agriculture implemented to provide a functional vegetable garden model for urban vegetable gardeners. It targeted the users who actually raise functional vegetable gardens, analyzed the flaws for correction in many ways including a type of products, quantity, ratio, and the like and existing problems. It is found out from Utilization that first is the highest ranking with no experience of growing vegetable garden education while growth education helping vegetable garden activity takes the half. Saying yes to the participation in the growth education following the process ranked the highest. In addition when planting, in regards to earning information about plantation timing and measure, they responded that they directly determine those by themselves. Second, the type of plant that they are mainly supposed to produce in family gardening was vegetables. Many say that it is easy to produce, easy to get information. In the fall, Kimchi and vegetables ranked the highest, the reason for functional vegetable gardeners to participate in planting family garden is an interest in a variety of producing crops. Third, the current amount included is proper for flower･herb plants in functional vegetable garden model while the ratio of crops vegetables60.5 : medical21.2 : flower･herbs18.3 in vegetable garden model is responded moderate.

The seed spray technology prepares for landscape by spraying seeds, fertilizers and other materials but does not consider the relationship of the germination time and temperature of seeds for construction. The purpose of this study is to develop a functional formula that shows the relationship of germination and temperature for using the Papaver orientale L. seeds for the spray technology. The germination test in a chamber was progressed from March to April 2014 and the verification experiment proceeded in a greenhouse in May 2014. After culturing each 100 seeds of Petri dish and Papaver orientale L. seeds on filter beds 4 repetitive times, each 10mL of the first distilled water was sprayed to treat temperature at level 7 and the light source was maintained at 4~4.5μmoles/m2/s. The germination rate was investigated at two-day intervals, and the germination was based on the emergence of 3mm radicles. For experimental verification, seeding was implemented in a greenhouse and daily mean temperatures and germination periods were investigated. As a result of the treatment, based on a 50% germination rate, the functional relation between the temperature and germination period was found to be y = 1/-0.0004x²+ 0.0224x－0.0398, R2 = 0.9441. As the result of the analysis of the cardinal temperature from using graphs of functions, the lowest temperature was 2°C and the optimum temperature was 28°C and the highest temperature was 54°C, but in the actual test, normal germination was made at 5°C and the unusual germination of the final germination rate was below 50% at 35°C. In the experimental verification, as a result of substituting the daily mean temperature with functional formulas, it was found to be 4.4 days and the lapse of time for actual foliation was investigated to be 5.5 days.

본 연구에서는 공동주택 단지 내 광환경을 고려하지 않은 식물 선정 및 무분별한 식재계획을 개선하고자 공동주택의 유형에 따른 광환경 시뮬레이션 분석을 진행하였다. 이를 통하여 단지 내 조도에 따른 영역을 구분하고 각 환경에 적합한 식물을 선정하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1) 공동주택의 유형별 광환경 분석 결과 평균조도 최저값은 일자형에서 4,708lux, 최고값은 Y자형에서 5,054lux였다. 또한, 1,000lux 이하의 영역이 가장 적은 유형은 Y자형 3.82%, 가장 많은 유형은 일자형 9.55%이다. 1,000~6,000lux 사이의 영역은 일자형과 탑상형에서 62.15%로 낮게 나타났으며, Y자형이 75.87%로 높은 수치를 기록했다. 6,000lux 이상의 영역은 혼합형 유형이 5.56%으로 가장 적었으며, 탑상형이 22.74%로 양지영역을 가장 넓게 확보하는 것으로 분석되었다. 2) 광환경 분석으로 분류한 음지, 양지, 복합영역에 따른 조도별 식물 선정 결과, 음지식물은 금꿩의다리, 리시마키아, 맥문동 등 7종, 양생식물은 꽃잔디, 꿀풀, 벌개미취 등 13종, 중생식물은 기린초, 꼬리풀, 돌나물 등 27종이다. 3) 음지 식물의 경우 건물과 인접하거나 건물과 건물의 사이에 식재하는 것이 적합하며, 중생 식물은 단지의 외곽 등 건물의 그림자 영향이 상대적으로 적게 미치는 영역에 식재하고, 이 외의 대부분의 공간에 복합식물은 식재 가능한 것으로 분석되어 가장 넓은 영역에 적합한 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 공동주택의 형태를 네가지 유형으로 분류하여 광환경을 분석하였다. 평균적으로 가장 양호한 조도를 나타내는 유형은 Y자형이었으며, 다음으로는 탑상형, 혼합형, 일자형 순으로 나타났다. 그러나 연구의 과정에서 시뮬레이션을 위하여 설계한 공동주택 유형별 단지 내에 건물 외의 기타 시설물 및 교목, 관목 등 조경수를 고려하지 않았기 때문에 음지영역이 거의 나타나지 않았으며, 단지 내 대부분 영역의 광환경이 양호한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 현실적인 측면에서 본 연구를 적용하기 위해서는 공동주택 단지 조성 시 식재계획과정에서 시뮬레이션을 통한 모의결과를 도출하고, 이를 실제 적용한 식재지의 모니터링이 요구된다. 또한 습윤지, 건조지 및 비옥도 등 토양환경에 따라 식물의 선정기준이 다를 수 있으므로 식물선정 및 검증과정과 관련한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

We have studied characteristics of community structure on the benthic macro-invertebrates at twelve selected sites in upstream, midstream and downstream of Paemsagol, Piagol, Chilseongol and Daeseonggol, major streams of Jirisan Mountain, for three years from April 2008 to September 2010. As a result, 2 phyla, 3 classes, 11 orders, 41 families, 119 species and 4,449 individuals of benthic macro-invertebrates have been collected and classified in this study. Among them EPT group (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera), commonly appearing taxa in clean stream ecosystem, was found most frequently. The highest species number of benthic macro-invertebrates were collected in 2008, the year with lower climatic influence including heavy rain. In almost all of survey sites 80% or over of EPT group were counted, and St. 1 scored highest rate of EPT group at 92.59%. Most dominant species was Ecdyonurus kibumensis at 12.83% of dominance index, and subdominant species was Goerodes KUb at 6.81% of dominance index. The investigation of the feeding function group indicated that gathering-collectors were dominant with 26 species and 1,334 individuals, while the number of filtering-collectors was lowest with 11 species and 230 individuals. This result represents that the feeding function group of Jirisan Mountain is mountainous stream-specific one. Both diversity index and richness index were lowest at the midstream of Chilseongol (St. 5), while the midstreams of Daeseonggol (St. 11) and Piagol (St. 8) were highest in diversity and richness indices respectively. The analyses of linear regression and correlation were performed in order to investigate and to predict the appearance aspect of EPT group by altitude. The results showed that the ratio of Plecopteran species number has increased by the elevation of the altitude at 0.05 significance level. Cluster analysis was also carried out for evaluating environmental similarities among survey sites. As a result, upper regions of Paemsagol (St. 1) and Piagol have clustered as most similar sites each other, while the midstream of Piagol (St. 8) has separated with lower similarity value than other sites in species composition.

The numerical modeling and comparison with observations are performed to find out the detailed structure of meteorology and the characteristic of related dispersion phenomena of the non-reactive air pollutant at Kyoungin region, South Korea, where several industrial complex including Siwha, Banwol and Namdong is located. MM5 (Fifth Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model), 3-D Land/Sea breeze model and 3-D diagnostic meteorological model have been utilized for the meteorological simulation for September, 2002 with each different spatial resolution, while 3-D Eulerian air dispersion model for the air quality study. We can see the simulated wind field shows the very local circulation quitely well compared with in-site observations in shoreline area with complex terrains, at which the circulation of Land/Sea breeze has developed and merged with the mountain and valley breeze eventually. Also it is shown in the result of the dispersion model that the diurnal variation and absolute value of daily mean SO2 concentrations have good agreement with observations, even though the instant concentration of SO2 simulated overestimates around 1.5 times rather than that of observation due to neglecting the deposition process and roughly estimated emission rate. This results may indicate that it is important for the air quality study at shoreline region with the complex terrain to implement the high resolution meteorological model which is able to handle with the complicate local circulation.

An antimicrobial substance-producing microorganism was isolated from soil samples. Based of the taxonomic characteristics of its morphological, cultural, physiological properties and 16s rRNA sequence alignment, this microorganism was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and we named Pseudomonas aeruginosa EL-KM. The optimal culture condition for production of antimicrobial substance was 1% mannitol, 0.4% yeast extract, 0.5% Nacl, 0.2% K₂SO₄, 100μM MgSO₄.7H2O, 10μM CaCl2.$2H_2O$, 1μM $FeSO_4$.7H2O, 1μM MnSO4.$4-5H_2O$, initial pH 7 and 200 rpm at 30℃. The purification of the antimicrbial substance was performed by silica gel column chromatographys, and fraction with TLC $R_f$ 0.77 value represented good antimicrobial activity. The crude antimicrbial substance was stable within a pH range of 3-10 and temperature range of 4°C-121°C autoclaving. This crude antibacterial substance acted as bacteriolytic agent against Vibrio cholerae non-Ol ATCC 25872, and also exhibited excellent properties, when the substance was demonstrated against many other gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi.