Cinnamaldehyde is known to have the antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we showed a potent and irreversible cytotoxic activity of the Cinnamaldehyde derivative 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) in human Squamous oral cell carcinoma cell, YD-10B. BCA induced YD-10B cell apoptosis in a dose-responsive manner. BCA-induced apoptosis was associated with corresponding increases in a series of key components in the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathways, followed by caspase cleavage and PARP activation. We also observed that BCA induced autophagy through Akt/mTOR pathway in YD-10B cells. BCA treatment increased LC3B-II expression, and induced the formation of autophagosomes and autophagic vacuoles. These experimental findings suggest that BCA is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation in YD-10B cells and provide new insights about leading to the possible development of a new therapeutic agent.

Fucoidan has been extensively studied as medicinal materials due to its biological activities including osteoblastic differentiation effect. However, osteoblastic effect by fucoidan is unknown in alveolar bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (ABM-MSCs). The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of fucoidan on Osteoblastic differentiation in ABM-MSCs and explore its mechanism. Cell proliferation was analyzed by crystal violet staining. Osteoblast differentiation was determined by alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium accumulation assay and gene expression of osteoblast markers. We found that fucoidan induced cell proliferation of ABM-MSCs. Furthermore, fucoidan increased the ALP activity, calcium accumulation, and osteoblast specific genes such as Runx2, type I collagen alpha 1. Moreover, fucoidan induces the expression of asporin and bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 and asporin. Based on these results, these finding indicate that fucoidan induces osteoblast differentiation in ABM-MSCs and partially enhanced the mRNA expression of BMP-2 and asporin.

The juvenile ossifying fibroma, differentiated from the large group of ossifying fibroma based on the patient’s age, common sites, and clinical characteristics, is a rare but locally aggressive benign tumor with high recurrence rate. Herein, we report a case of juvenile ossifying fibroma located in the right mandible, which is an uncommon site. A 8-years- old male child presented to the pediatric unit of our institution with swelling on the right mandible. Radiographically, it was presented as an expanded and radiolucent lesion. Histology revelaed hypercellular fibroblastic proliferation with anastomosing osteoid trabeculae with rounded, strongly basophilic calcified mass rimmed by osteoblasts. Surgical management was done, and regular follow-up is advised

Osteoblastoma is a very rare disease and in case of the jaw, maxilla infrequently occurs more than mandible. On account of difficulty to discriminate from other benign tumor or sarcoma, we need to pay attention to make differential diagnosis based on clinical, radiographic, pathological findings. A tumor on the maxilla and maxillary sinus could lead to a bad result for aesthetic appreciation and function. Therefore, reconstruction after maxillectomy is one of the most important issues concerning a surgery. The aim of this study is to report a case of osteoblastoma on the left maxilla which was misdiagnosed as ossifying fibroma and was treated with hemimaxillectomy and reconstruction using deep iliac circumflex artery musculo-osseous flap which resulted in satisfactory result.

Abstract. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is considered as a benign tumor with local aggressive course, consisting of myofibroblastic spindle cells with an inflammatory cells infiltration. IMTs are more usually found in the lung and very rarely in the mandible. We report an IMT of the mandible in a 54-year-old man. The patient complained of pain on the right side of mandible. Radiographically, the lesion was occupied in the right mandible with bone destruction. Although the initial diagnosis was an osteomyelitis, the histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry revealed it to be an IMT. Histologically, the lesion was composed of inflammatory cells infiltration within a variably fibroblastic or myofibroblastic spindle cell background. Immunohistochemically, spindle cells stained with smooth muscle actin (SMA) and CD68 (KP1), but uniformly negative with desmin and cytokeratin.

Odontoblasts and/or dental pulp cells are responsible for tooth repair as well as dentin formation. Adhesion and migration are critical processes for tissue regeneration. This study was performed to clarify whether Pam3 modulates adhesion and migration of a murine odontoblast-like cell line, MDPC-23 cell and TLR2 signaling is engaged in this process. TLR2 expression in MDPC-23 cells was examined by RT-PCR. Adhesion assay was performed using type Ⅰ collagen-coated plates. Migration ability was determined by a commercial assay kit. Phosphorylation of IκB-α, JNK, p38, and ERK was examined by Western blot analysis. TLR2 was functionally expressed in MDPC-23 cells. Pam3CSK treatment enhanced adhesion and migration of MDPC-23 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Blockade of TLR2 using its antibody restored Pam3CSK-induced adhesion and migration of MDPC-23 cells. These findings indicate that Pam3CSK, an immune activator from gram negative bacteria, can promote adhesion and migration ability of MDPC-23 cells via TLR2.

Abstract. The keratoameloblastoma is a benign lesion of the jaws, which is a rare histologic variant of the ameloblastoma. There is a variation in the histopathologic appearance of reported cases under the appellation of keratoameloblastoma. The keratoameloblastma has usually keratin formation by the ameloblastomatous epithelium and varies in size. English literature reports only 14 cases of keratoameloblastma. We described an additional case of the tumor developed in the right mandible of a 26-year-old woman. It was presented as an expansile and radiolucent lesion. Histologically, solid tumor islands were seen with some microcystic space within a fibrous stroma resembling an ameloblastoma. In addidion, a hyperchromatic columnar basal cell layer and parakeratin within the microcyst simulating an odontogenic keratocyst

The ossifying fibroma (OF), with the microscopic features of trabuclae or spherules of bone or cementum-like material in a cellular fibrous connective tissue stroma, is one of the most common benign fibro-osseous lesions in the jaw bones. The OF often occurs in patients from 20 to 40 years of age, which is a definite female predilection. The mandibles are involved far more often than the maxillas, especially the pre-molar and molar regions. It is slow-growing, bone producing, asymptomatic and well-demarcated. The OF is a disorder of odontogenesis or osteogenesis ascribed to bone marrow stroma cells (BMSCs) abnormality. However, the detailed mechanisms of OF’s oncogenesis, cytodifferentiation, and tumor progression remain unknown. In this article, we reported a huge central OF on the anterior mandible. The lesion was enucleated and peripheral ostectomy was done via intraoral approach and reconstructed with vascularized iliac block bone graft. After 25 months of follow up, the tumor had not recurred. This case shows that OF may be successfully treated by conservative surgical enucleation and peripheral ostectomy.

A dentigerous cyst (DC) and an odontogenc fibroma (OF) in the jaws are well known entities, which have been reviewed extensively. However, the presence of OF components in the wall of dentigerous cyst is a very rare event. A case of DC in the left mandible displaying the foci of an OF-like lesion is described. It is unclear whether the two lesions were just coincidental or were actually related to each other. However, OF-like proliferation may be arised from secondary epithelial and mesenchymal interactions in a pre-existing DC, although the initiating stimulus could not be identified.

EGCG has inhibitory effect on a variety of cancers by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest or inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis. EGCG has been found to induce apoptosis in salivary gland carcinoma cells. But the potential anti-invasive effect of EGCG in salivary gland cancer has not been studied yet. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of EGCG on salivary gland adenocarcinoma SGT cell adhesion and migration to Type I collagen treatment. Western blot, adhesion and migration assay were performed to evaluate the impacts of EGCG on the expression of MMP-2/-9 and its upstream signaling molecules after treatment of type I collagen. SGT cell adhesion to type I collagen is significantly suppressed by EGCG. EGCG decreased expression of β1 integrin, phosphorylation of FAK, MMP-2/-9 compared with type I collagen treatment. In addition, EGCG inhibited the migration of SGT cells treated with type I collagen. These results suggest that EGCG could effectively inhibit the invasion and migration of human SGT cells by downregulating the expression of β1 integrin and MMP-2/-9 and phosphorylation of FAK, Akt, and Erk. Adhesion and migration to type I collagen of SGT cells can be influenced through EGCG.

The organotypic raft culture model has been shown to be a useful method for examining the effects of biochemical manipulation on various epithelial cell types, using in vitro conditions that simulate the in vivo environment of the tissue of origin. To investigate this method as a model for photodynamic therapy (PDT), we cultures the oral squamous carcinoma cell line YD-10B on fibroblast-containing collagen gels at the air-liquid interface and assessed the efficacy of PDT using a photosensitiser 5-ALA-hexenyl ester. PDT effect on YD-10B organotypic raft cultures after twenty- four hours was determined. The number of residual cells was significantly reduced in comparison to control at all four different conditions. PCNA immunostaining and TUNEL assay revealed that PDT inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These findings suggest that the organotypic raft culture model provides an effective and rapid laboratory method of investigating strategies for PDT on oral precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinomas

We have previously shown that 5’-nitro-indirubinoxime (5’-NIO) has potent anti-tumor effect in various human cancer cells. But the potential anti-invasive effect of 5’-NIO in salivary gland cancer has not been studied yet. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of 5'-NIO on salivary gland adenocarcinoma SGT cell adhesion and migration to Type I collagen treatment. Western blot, adhesion and migration assay were performed to evaluate the impacts of 5’-NIO on the expression of MMP-2/-9 and its upstream signaling molecules after treatment of type І collagen. SGT cell adhesion to type I collagen is significantly suppressed by 5’-NIO. 5’-NIO decreased expression of β1 integrin, phosphorylation of FAK, MMP-2/ -9 compared with type I collagen treatment. In addition, 5’-NIO inhibited the migration of SGT cells treated with type I collagen. These results suggest that 5’-NIO could effectively inhibit the invasion and migration of human SGT cells by downregulating the expression of β1 integrin and MMP-2/-9 and phosphorylation of FAK, Akt, and Erk. Adhesion and migration to type I collagen of SGT cells can be influenced through 5’-NIO..

Primary localized amyloidosis of the palate is a rare condition. We present a case of localized amyloidosis of the palate of a 49-year-old Korean female who suffered from asymptomatic nodular swelling. Microscopic examination revealed extensive deposition of pale eosinophilic amorphous material throught the lamina propria and within the walls of small blood vessels. A diagnosis of localized amyloidosis was made after the biopsy revealed characteristic staining on Congo red, and an extensive workup for systemic involvement was negative. Localized amyloidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of palatal nodular lesions

Amino acid transporters play an important role in supplying organic nutrient to cells. The expression profile of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and its subunit 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) on different differentiation stages in 4-NQO induced rat tongue carcinogenesis was examined using immunohistochemical analysis. The gradually increasing LAT1 and 4F2hc expression detected during the multistep progressive change shows that the protein may have an important role i n the multistep tongue c arcinogenesis. Conclusively, LAT1 and 4F2 hc c an b e a useful b iomarker f or a better understanding of multistep tongue carcinogenesis, while the specific inhibition o f LAT1 and 4F2 hc would be a new rationale for suppressing tumor cell growth in tongue cancer.

Traumatic eosinophilic granuloma(TEG) of the oral mucosa is considered to be a reactive benign condition. Histology revealed diffuse mixed infiltration of eosinophil and atypical mononuclear cells. We have described an additional case of TEG simulating oral malignany where immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of CD30+ large atypical cells. The CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder(LPD) of oral mucosa, although rare, has also been described. In this case, there was scattered distribution of CD30+ cells. After the incisional biopsy, the remainder of oral lesion got disappeared progressively and there is no sign of recurrence. We believe that this case could be a reactive rather than neoplastic process, and it has been suggested that a subset of TEG could be included within the spectrum of CD30+ LPDs. Therefore, oral surgeon and pathologists’ awareness of this condition will reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis and inappropriate aggressive treatment for this benign, self-limiting lesion.

Traumatic eosinoph ilic gra nul oma(TEG) of the oral mucosa is considered to be a reactive benign lesion, which commonly ma nifests as an ulcer with eleva ted and indurated borders Clinically. this lesion simulates a maligna nt tumor Hi s to logy shows a diffut;e‘ dense. polymorphic. and eosinophil-rich cellular infiltrate. which extends deeply into the un derl ying soft ti ss ues‘ A major constituent of infïltrates is a population of mitotically active, large. atypical monol1 uclear cell s . Immunohi stologic eval uation of the large atypical cells has suggested a myofibroblastic 0 1' histi ocyti c origi 1γ However ‘ recent reports have shown that these cells are positive for CD30 antigen. We have descr ibed a case of ora l mucosal lesions with featu res of TEG that had a CD68 posite atypical cells. The large cells showed s trong pos itive for CD68‘ but negative for CD30. The sma ll Iymphocy tic cells exprerssed CD3. This case was interpreted as an atypical histiocytic g ran uloma .

A case of a distinctive variety of basalαd squamous cell carcinoma (B8CC) of the floor of mouth is described Histologic evaluation of the tumor showed lobules and aggregates of medium-sized basaloid cells with distinctive periph eral palisading and focal areas of comedo- necrosis. This appearance together with microcystic spaces simulated that of an adenoid cystic carcinoma. Accompanying epithelial dysplasia of the overlying mucosa was found. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor revealed diffuse strong expression for cytokeratin AE1/3, focally positive for Epithelial Membrane Antigen in the inner cells of tubular structures However, CEA, 8-100, smooth muscle actin, and vimentin were negative. The histologic differential diagnosis considered were adenoid cystic carcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma Immunohistochemistry and awareness of this unusual pattern of B8CC will facilitate the correct diagnosis being reached.

Osteoblastoma is a benign bone forming neoplasm most commonly occurring in the vertebrae, long bones, but the jaw involvement is very rare events. When localized close to the periapical region or laterally to the roots of the t eeth, the lesion is easily confused with inflammatory periapical pathosis. In this article, we report our experience with a case of osteoblastoma located in the periapical region that was initially misdiagnosed as an inflammatory periapical pathosis, which led to unnecessary dental treatment and a delayed diagnosis. This case demonstrates the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment planning when one is dealing with radiolucent lesions in the periapical area Therefore, this case stresses the importance of biopsy of periapical lesions that do not respond to endodontic treatment or are otherwise S USpl CIOUS.

Oral fo cal mucinosis(OFM) is a tumor-Iike mass which is considered to be the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinos is 01' a cutaneous myxoid cyst. Although all OFM havebeen reported to appear in the oral soft tissues, we describe a case of OFM with alveo lar bone involvement and review of thc prcvious reports. Histology revealed a localized area of myxomatous connective tissue surrounded by dense fibrous tlssue 8tromal mucins (alcian blue pH 2.5) and met achromasia( toluidine bl Lle pH 3) were obserγed in the tissue sectlOns Neither periodic acid-8chiff reaction nor retic Ll lin fiber nor 8-100 protein was observed. It is unclear whether the primary soft tissue lesion exte11ded into the cent1'al le Si011 or primari ly the lesion arose in the alveolar b011e 01' periodontal ligament.

Indirubin is the ac ti ve ingredi ent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Danggui Longhui Wan, used for t he t reatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia Here, we report that novel indirubin ,- 11‘ ivative‘ 5’ - nitro-indirubinoxime (5’ NIO) , has potent anti- proliferative activity on va rious human cancel‘ cells and oncogenic RK3E- ras rat kidney cells with ha lf- inhibi tory concentrati ons (1C50) ra nging from 1- 12 M, Treatment with indirubin derivative induced the activation 01' caspase 7 rollowed by apoptos is in RK3E- ras cells. lndirubin derivative showed strong anti-tumor activity in rat solid and oral tUll10r models , Direct inj ection of indirubin deri vative every other day for 10 days induced signifi cant inhi bition of tumor growth in Sprague-Dawley rats bearing RK3E- ras-induced tumors Histologically. t reatment with indiru bin de ri vative caused s ignifi cant inhi bit ion of tumor formation with increased apoptosis and decreased tumor cell prolife ration, These f indings provide the potent ial va lue of indirubin deri vative a s a novel candidate for ant i-tumor agents