본 연구는 컨테이너 재배용 중간목의 노지 생산기술 개발을 위하여 왕벚나무 3년생을 대상으로 전정, 시비종류·시비량 처리에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 노지에 정식 후 전정 유무(1.8m 이하 전정(P) 및 무전정(N.P))와 시비종류 및 시비량(유박비료 21.7, 43.3g/㎡/yr, 퇴비 1.0, 2.0 ㎏/tree/yr, 고형비료 40.5, 81.0g/㎡/yr)을 대조구를 포함하여 처리하였다. 묘목의 생장에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 정식 2년 후 생장 및 상대생장량, 건물생산량, 품질지수 및 양분특성을 비교‧분석하였다. 묘고 및 근원경 상대생장량은 무전정 처리보다 전정처리에서 유의적(p≤0.000)으로 높았으며, 전정을 실시한 고형비료 81.0g/㎡/yr 처리에서 가장 높은 생장량을 보였다. 본 연구결과 왕벚나무 접목 3년생을 노지에 정식한 후, 1.8m 이하 전정을 실시하고 고형비료 81.0g/㎡/yr을 처리하여 2년 재배 시, 고품질의 컨테이너 재배용 왕벚나무 중간목이 생산되는 것으로 판단된다.

This study evaluated the quality of school milk programs and analyzed the relative importance of school milk program selection attributes using conjoint analysis. The survey was conducted on students from middle and high schools in metropolitan cities that provide school milk programs. Responses were received from 414 students and the data was subjected to frequency analysis, t-test, and conjoint analysis using the SPSS Statistics Package. While evaluating white milk in the school milk program, middle school students rated ‘packaging condition’ (4.23) the highest, high school students rated ‘nutrition’ (4.64) the highest, and their evaluation of all the quality attributes was significantly different from that of middle school students (p<0.001). Overall satisfaction scores too, showed a significant difference between high school (4.46) and middle school students (4.01) (p<0.001). Processed milk & dairy products had the highest satisfaction score in the attribute of ‘serving time’ (4.57). The relative importance of the choice attributes of the school milk program was in the order of ‘number per item’ (62.260%), ‘temperature’ (25.708%), and ‘serving method’ (12.032%) for all students. The school milk program most preferred by all students and middle school students was to provide milk at a refrigerated temperature, select white milk three times a week, processed milk, fermented milk, and cheese twice a week, and provide it at the desired time.

Sarcoma is rare malignant tumors that develop from mesenchymal cells. Metastasis to the oral cavity is a rare occurrence. Undifferentiated Pleomorphic sarcoma(UPS), formerly known as Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH), is rare spindle cell neoplasm that can have poorly prognosis with metastasis and local recurrence. This report describes a case of a 77-year-old man who was diagnosed with Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the chest wall and underwent adjuvant radiation therapy after surgical resection. Although there was success of wide excision, two years later, he presented with metastasis to the several organs including tongue. We retrospectively analyzed results of Next Generation Sequencing(NGS), and we figured out RB1 gene mutation. Until now targeted therapy of RB1 gene mutation is not established. Surgeon needs to consider metastatic tumors through identifying patients’ chief complaints and past medical & dental history. We need to research through NGS, and take a step closer to find targeted therapy for tumors.

Distribution of airborne bacteria in the entire regions of South Korea was investigated and analyzed by region and type of multi-use facilities. At first, 10 public facilities were selected including general restaurant, retail store, public transport, retail market, apartment house, underground parking lot, financial institution, business facility, educational institution, and public toilet, which are located at the regions such as Seoul, Busan, Daejeon, Gwangju, Gyeonggi, Jeju, and Gangwon. The regional distribution of the floating bacteria was identified that Micrococcus sp. was highly prevalent in Seoul (21.5 percent). In Daejeon, Bacillus sp. was highly prevalent (12.4 percent). In Busan, Micrococcus sp. was highly prevalent (22.8 percent). In Gwangju, Bacillus sp. was 9.35%. In Gyeonggi, Micrococcus sp. was 13.7%, and in Gwangju and Jeju, Micrococcus sp. was 11.2 percent and 92%. All in all, Micrococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. were highly detected throughout the entire region and multi-use facilities. Next, whether or not these airborne bacteria could influence the health of people was examined using HaCat human skin cell line which is human epithermal Karatinocytes related to allergic dermatitis. Among these isolated microorganisms, the HaCat cell proliferation was decreased by Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Brachybacterium sp., Brevundimonas sp., Kocuria sp., Mammaliicoccus sp., Norcardia sp., Prestia sp., Phychrobacillus sp., and Rhodococcus sp., while it was affected by the other bacteria. Therefore, these results have suggested that the airborne floating bacteria could be considered as the marker for the environmental risk management against atopic dermatitis, and it is needed for controlling the bacteria number that suppressed the proliferation of HaCat cells.

This study was conducted to investigate the growth and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia. The diameter and dry weight of the mycelia were increased in the medium supplemented with Aronia compared with the untreated medium. The total polyphenol content of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 6.54 mg GAE/g and 5.77 mg GAE/g, respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 61.81% and 49.65%, respectively. Moreover, the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 59.83% and 52.66%, respectively. These results confirmed that P. ostreatus mycelial growth and antioxidant activity were increased when Aronia was added to the culture medium.

팥나방은 콩과작물 특히 팥을 가해하는 해충으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 팥나방의 생물적 특징을 알아보기 위해 발육단계별 발육기간, 성 충의 수명과 번식능력을 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34°C 항온조건에서 조사하였다. 알은 7°C와 34°C를 제외한 모든 항온조건에서 부화 하였고 유충은 13~28°C 온도조건에서 성공적으로 성충으로 발육하였다. 알의 발육기간은 25°C까지 온도가 상승할수록 짧아지다가 이후 온도 에서 길어지는 경향을 보였다. 유충, 번데기의 발육기간과 성충수명은 온도가 상승할수록 감소하였다. 팥나방 발육단계별 발육 최저, 최고 한계는 LRF와 SSI모델을 이용하여 계산하였고 발육영점온도와 유효적산온일도는 선형회귀분석을 이용하였다. 1령 유충 부화부터 성충출현까지의 발 육영점온도와 유효적산일은 9.1°C와 264.5DD였다. SSI모델을 이용한 부화부터 성충출현까지 발육최저 및 최고온도는 20.0°C과 32.3°C였고 이들간의 차이 즉 발육적정온도범위는 12.3°C였다. 온도와 관련된 팥나방 성충의 생존과 산란특성을 이용하여 산란모형을 작성하였다. 본 연구 에서 제시한 온도발육모형과 산란모형은 야외에서 팥나방의 개체군동태를 이해하고 콩과작물의 종합적인 해충군관리체계 확립에 기여할 것으로 보인다.

어리팥나방은 콩을 가해하는 Matsumuraeses속 해충으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 어리팥나방의 개체군동태를 예측하기 위하여 발육단계별 발육기간, 성충의 수명과 번식능력을 10, 13, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31°C 항온조건에서 조사하였다. 알은 조사된 모든 항온조건에서 부화하였고, 유충 은 10, 13, 31°C를 제외한 온도조건에서 성공적으로 성충으로 발육하였다. 발육단계별 발육기간과 성충 수명은 온도가 상승할수록 감소하였다. 어리팥나방 발육단계별 발육영점온도와 유효적산일은 선형회귀방법을 이용하여 추정하였고 발육최저, 최고한계는 LRF와 SSI모델을 이용하여 계산하였다. 1령 유충 부화부터 성충출현까지의 발육영점온도와 유효적산일은 10.2°C와 492.04DD였다. SSI모델을 이용한 부화부터 성충출현 까지 발육최저 및 최고온도는 16.7°C과 29.1°C였고 이들간의 차이 즉 발육적정온도범위는 12.4°C였다. 온도와 관련된 어리팥나방 성충의 생존 과 산란특성을 이용하여 산란모형을 작성하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 온도발육모형과 산란모형은 어리팥나방의 개체군모형 작성과 콩 작물의 종 합적인 해충군관리체계 확립에 기여할 것으로 보인다.

A Cu-15Ag-5P filler metal (BCuP-5) is fabricated on a Ag substrate using a high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process, followed by post-heat treatment (300oC for 1 h and 400oC for 1 h) of the HVOF coating layers to control its microstructure and mechanical properties. Additionally, the microstructure and mechanical properties are evaluated according to the post-heat treatment conditions. The porosity of the heat-treated coating layers are significantly reduced to less than half those of the as-sprayed coating layer, and the pore shape changes to a spherical shape. The constituent phases of the coating layers are Cu, Ag, and Cu-Ag-Cu3P eutectic, which is identical to the initial powder feedstock. A more uniform microstructure is obtained as the heat-treatment temperature increases. The hardness of the coating layer is 154.6 Hv (as-sprayed), 161.2 Hv (300oC for 1 h), and 167.0 Hv (400oC for 1 h), which increases with increasing heat-treatment temperature, and is 2.35 times higher than that of the conventional cast alloy. As a result of the pull-out test, loss or separation of the coating layer rarely occurs in the heat-treated coating layer.

Recently, due to the rapid increase in vehicle accidents, research on improving seat belts and restraint system are being actively on going to solve the problems in vehicle for passengers. The characteristics of lap belt load and pelvic displacement were simulated through MADYMO program using Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy to analyze the submarining by changing the collision speed and seat back angle by applying the forward collision pulse form accident scenario. As a result, the submarining occurred when the seat-back angle was 60° or higher at the collision speed of 50km/h or higher. Lastly, using the characteristics of the lap belt load and pelvic displacement when the anti-submarining belt (ANSB) system adapted, the pelvic displacement was reduced as well as submarining.

In this study, Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was first reported as a natural enemy of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg collected from corn fields in Korea, and its biological characteristics was studied. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, the parasitoid emerged from S. frugiperda eggs was identified as T. remus. We found that T. remus can attack the eggs of S. frugiperda, Spodoptera litra and Spodoptera exigua under a laboratory condition. The longevity of T. remus female adult was longer than that of male adult. The egg-to-adult period of T. remus was not affected by the host age and sex. T. remus female adult laid at least 1-3 eggs a day to a maximum of 37 or more eggs, and the most oviposited on the 3rd to 4th day after emergence. The host preference for oviposition of T. remus adult was high in the order of S. litura>S. exigua>S. frugiperda. T. remus preferred to parasitize 1- and 2-day-old host egg rather than 3-day-old host egg. When compared to the sex ratio of T. remus progeny, the rate of female progeny was higher at the initiation time of oviposition, while the proportion of male progeny increased significantly with female adult age, especially after 8-day-old adult. This information may be useful for improving T. remus mass rearing system and developing a biological control program to control S. frugiperda.

Ecological occupation in irrigation ponds is a well-acknowledged fact that is essential for biodiversity conservation in agricultural ecosystems. However, there are few studies on the ecological functions and relationship between a paddy field and irrigation using macroinvertebrates in an environmentally friendly paddy field. The objective of this study is to identify the community and distribution characteristics of macroinvertebrates in an agricultural paddy field and irrigation pond ecosystems, and to provide basic data on the ecological function of an environmentally friendly paddy field. Macroinvertebrate sampling was conducted from May to September in an agricultural paddy field and irrigation pond in an environment-friendly paddy field in Boryeong city. We conducted a study to identify the distribution characteristics using macroinvertebrate species analysis, such as Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs), Habitat Oriented Groups (HOGs), rarefaction curve, and a two-way dendrogram. A total of 37 species of macroinvertebrates in 28 families, 13 orders were collected study during the period of the investigation. Dominant taxa of macroinvertebrates included Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Odonata. In terms of FFGs, predators and gathering collectors accounted for approximately 70%, in relation to HOGs, and climbers and swimmers occupied more than 50% from both the paddy field and irrigation pond. With respect to the rarefaction curve, the irrigation pond (July) was high as E (S, 141)=18 species, while the paddy field (May) was comparatively low as E (S, 141)=9 species. In conclusion, our results revealed that macroinvertebrates, such as Notonecta triguttata, Peltodytes intermedius, Appasus major, Laccotrephes japonensis, Appasus japonicus, Sigara substriata, Enochrus simulans, and Sternolophus rufipes, were used as a habitat and spawning ground in both paddy field and irrigation pond. The irrigation pond appears to be a very important spawning ground for macroinvertebrates.

Seoul has installed mechanical air filters in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of city buses to improve their indoor air quality since late 2019. We evaluated particle removal efficiencies of the filter in a wind tunnel, and clean air delivery rates (CADRs) of the systems and a household air purifier in the buses, following the test standards. The filter showed the efficiencies of 91% and 97.6%, 88% and 97.9%, and 78% and 95.2% for 0.35 μm particles and PM2.5 at 1.0m/s, 1.5m/s, and 2.0m/s, respectively. The efficiencies rose with an increase in the particle size and the filters had a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) rating of 15. The CADRs for PM2.5 and flow rate of the systems were 12.7m3/min and 17.9m3/min, 16.6m3/min and 25.4m3/min, 18.7m3/min and 33.6m3/min, and 23.3m3/min and 47.1m3/min on the operation mode of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The CADRs of the systems were 3.8-7.1 times higher than those of the air purifier, but single-pass removal efficiencies of the former were 0.56-0.81 lower than those of the latter.

Intraosseous vascular malformation, a representative vascular disease, rarely occurs in the oral and maxillofacial region, especially the maxilla. An 18-year-old female patient was referred to our department with the chief complaint of a radio-opaque mass in the maxilla. A biopsy was attempted at a local dental hospital before visiting our hospital, but it was not completed due to severe intraoperative bleeding. The patient presented swelling and induration in the right maxillary region without pain, local heat, or fluctuation. According to radiographic and clinical examinations, intraosseous vascular malformation or a bone-forming tumor such as aggressive osteoblastoma was suspected. Therefore, an open biopsy of the lesion was performed under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed that the lesion consisted of bony trabeculae with fibrous connective tissue and numerous vascular structures, and the lesion was diagnosed as intraosseous vascular malformation.

사회적인 존재로서 우리는 다른 사람의 행위를 빠르고 정확히 이해할 필요가 있다. 행위 이해는 여러 수준에서 일어난다. 무심코 타인의 의도를 알아챌 때가 있는가 하면, 그들의 목적을 추론하기 위해 노력해야만 하는 경우도 있다. 결합 사이먼 효과는 과제를 분업하는 한 쌍의 참가자가 의도치 않게 동료의 행위를 표상할 수 있음을 실험적으 로 증명한다. 이 효과는 거의 자동적으로 발생한다고 알려졌지만, 인지부하의 영향을 받지 않을 만큼 자동적인지는 확인되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구는 참가자에게 작업기억 부하가 있거나 없는 상태에서 결합 사이먼 과제를 수행하게 하였다. 이중과제 구획에서 저부하 집단의 참가자들은 한 개의 숫자를 작업기억에 유지한 채로 사이먼 과제를 분업 하였고, 고부하 집단의 참가자들은 다섯 개의 숫자를 유지한 채로 사이먼 과제를 분업하였다. 작업기억 부하의 효과 를 분석하기 위해 이중과제 구획과 단일과제 구획의 집단별 사이먼 효과를 비교하였다. 반응시간을 분석한 결과, 저부하 집단은 이중과제와 단일과제 구획에서 모두 사이먼 효과를 보였지만, 고부하 집단은 어느 과제 구획에서도 사이먼 효과를 보이지 않았다. 이 결과는 결합 사이먼 효과가 인지 자원에 의존한다는 면에서 자동적인 현상을 아님 을 의미한다. 즉, 분업 참여자는 인지적 자원이 가용한 경우에만 동료의 행위를 과제 표상에 반영하는 것으로 보인다.

In this paper, considering the limits of existing smart pots, we introduce the research result of the new smart pot that can easily grow various pet plants. Through Arduino control kit which is the one of the open source computing platform, electric circuit and equipment to fulfil the functions of the smart pot is newly designed and made. Especially the head of pump which is main function in smart pot and the structure of electric equipment is theoretically calculated and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tool is used for static analysis to prevent damage to the pots. After that, new smart pot is made with the researched design materials and perform the various functional investigations to grow the indoor plants.