목적: 본 연구의 목적은 대학운동선수들의 자기관리를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 척도를 개발하고 일련의 과정을 통하여 타당성을 검증함으로써 효율적인 자기관리 전략을 수립할 수 있는 정보를 제공하는 것에 있다. 방법: 연구 1.에서는 이나은, 최재원(2018)의 연구에서 탐색된 8개요인(68문항)을 활용하여 서울, 경기 소재 대학운동선수 568 명을 대상으로 문항분석, 탐색적요인분석, 확인적요인분석, 타당도 검증을 실시하였다. 연구 2.에서는 연구 1.에서 개발된 7개요인 27문항의 자기관리 검사지를 사용하여 332명을 대상으로 프로파일 검증 방법을 사용하여 분석하 였다. 결과: 연구 1.에서는 8개요인 68문항을 문항분석, 탐색적요인분석, 확인적요인분석을 통해 7개요인 27문항 으로 최종문항을 도출하였다. 최종문항을 통해 구성개념타당도(수렴⋅판별) 검증을 실시하였으며 타당도를 확보하 였다. 연구 2.에서는 타당도와 신뢰도가 검증된 대학운동선수 자기관리 척도를 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 차이검 증을 실시하였고 성별, 종목, 경력에 따른 차이는 나타났으나 학년에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 마지막으로 스포츠 상황에서의 다양한 측정요인과의 관련성이 있는지 예측하고자 선수만족과 경기력 간 구조방정식 모델을 검증하였고 자기관리 척도는 선수만족과 경기력에 정적 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구조방정식 모델 적합도 는 Q(x²/df)= 2.921, GFI= .905, CFI= .903, IFI= .904, RMR= .050, RMSEA= .076 으로 나타났다. 결론: 따라서 본 연구는 대학 스포츠 환경에서 선수들을 보다 심층적으로 이해하고 우수선수로 발전시킬 수 있는 자기관리 모 델을 제시할 수 있으며, 나아가 자기관리 후속 연구에 필요한 기초자료를 제공할 것이라고 사료되는 바이다.

As we become an aging society, the number of elderly patients continues to increase. Pressure sores that can easily occur in patients with trauma cause serious socio-economic problems. In general, prevention of bedsores through predicting the patient's posture is being developed. Developed method usually use artificial intelligence techniques to estimate the patient’s posture by measured pressure images in the mattress. In this method, it has a problem the reduction of estimation accuracy when posture of patient is changed. Therefore, it is necessary to use the filter of pressure images in the position transition of patient. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to predict the patient's posture, and an algorithm to reduce the ambiguity that can occur in the patient's posture transition section. By obtaining stable data through this algorithm, learning/prediction stability of the neural network can be expected, and prediction performance is improved accordingly. Through experiments, the effectiveness of the algorithm was verified.

A statistical change-point analysis examined the existence of climate regime shift in the time series of the Asian dust frequency in Seoul during spring. As a result, the Asian dust frequency in Seoul during spring has sharply increased since 1993. To investigate the cause of the increasing Asian dust frequency in Seoul during spring, therefore the averages during the period of 1993 to 2011 and the differences in large-scale environment during the period of 1974 to 1992 were analyzed. According to the analysis results for 850 hPa, 500 hPa, and 200 hPa stream flows, northwesterly anomaly was formed from the Lake Baikal to the Korean Peninsula due to the intensification of anomalous anticyclonic circulation in Northern China. This northwesterly anomaly has become a major circulation that moves the sand particles from Northern China to Seoul.

This study analyzed the frequency of heatwave occurrences in Jeju Island in summer season (June to September) for the recent 46 years (1968-2013). The frequency showed an increasing trend up until now and we applied statistical change-point analysis in order to determine whether this increasing trend had a climate regime shift. As a result, it was discovered that frequency of heatwave occurrences has rapidly increased since 1990. Thus, to determine the causes of rapid increase in frequency of heatwave occurrences in Jeju Island since 1990, a difference in mean values of June to September between a period of 1990-2013 and a period of 1968-1989 was analyzed. The analysis result of differences between two periods about stream flows showed that large anomalous anticyclonic circulations were strengthened in the subtropical western Pacific and the center of the small anomalous anticyclone, which was branched westwardly out of the anticyclonic circulations was located within the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. This strengthening of the anomalous anticyclone in the Korean Peninsula was also shown at the middle and upper troposphere. The anomalous anticyclonic circulations, which were expanded to the Korean Peninsula from the subtropical western Pacific in recent years was due to strengthening of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) in the Korean Peninsula. Hot and humid air can be introduced into the Korean Peninsula due to the strengthening WNPSH in the Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, a difference in daily maximum temperature at 2m height as well as sensible heat net flux between two periods were analyzed in order to determine the degree of the heat at the ground. There was positive anomalies found along the coast in East Asia and the center of the positive anomalies was linked to the Korean Peninsula via the northern part of China. Thus, the Korean Peninsula including Jeju area had more heat than usual in recent years.

This study analyzes the characteristics of Western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) activity and large-scale environments according to the Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern in summer. In the positive WP phase, an anomalous cyclone and an anomalous anticyclone develop in the low and middle latitudes of the East Asia, respectively. As a result, southeasterlies are reinforced in the northeast area of the East Asia including Korea and Japan which facilitates the movement of TC to this area, whereas northwesterlies are reinforced in the southwest area of the East Asia including South China and Indochina Peninsula which blocks the movement of TC to this area. Due to the spatial distribution of this reinforced pressure system, TCs develop, move, and turn more to the northeast of WNP than those in the negative WP phase. Consequently, the characteristics of this TC activity in the positive WP phase are associated with the location of upper tropospheric jet further to the northeast. Meanwhile, TCs in the negative WP phase mainly move to the west from Philippines toward south China and Indochina Peninsula. Furthermore, due to the terrain effect caused by the high passage frequency of TCs in the mainland China, the intensity of TCs are weaker than those in the positive WP phase.

This study analyzes the correlation between Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern index (WPI) in April during 1954-2008 and rainfall amounts in the same month. Based on the results, it is identified that there have been strong positive correlations between central China, Korea and the southwestern part of Japan in the East Asian region. Through differences between 10 positive WP years and 10 negative WP years selected from the April WPI excluding ENSO years, it is found that rainfall amounts increase in April of positive WP years due to the following characteristics. Increases in rainfall amounts are evident in the East Asian middle latitudinal region where the positive correlation between the two variables is the highest and this is because anomalous southwesterlies are strengthened in the East Asian middle latitudinal region due to the spatial pattern of a south-low-north-high anomalous pressure system centered on this region that is made by anomalous anticyclones centered on the southeastern side of the region and other anomalous anticyclones centered on the northeastern side of the region. In addition, anomalous westerlies (jet) are strengthen in the upper troposphere of the East Asian middle latitudinal region and as a result, anomalous upward flows are strengthened in this region and thus anomalous warm air temperatures are formed in the entire level of the troposphere in the region. In addition to atmospheric environments, anomalous warm sea surface temperatures are formed in the seas in the East Asian middle latitudinal region to help the rainfall amount increases in the East Asian middle latitudinal region.

This study analyzed the climate regime shift using statistical change-point analysis on the time-series tropical cyclone (TC) frequency that affected Japan in July to September. The result showed that there was a significant change in 1995 and since then, it showed a trend of rapidly decreasing frequency. To determine the reason for this, differences between 1995 to 2012 (9512) period and 1978 to 1994 (7894) period were analayzed. First, regarding TC genesis, TCs during the 9512 period showed a characteristic of genesis from the southeast quadrant of the tropical and subtropical western North Pacific and TCs during the 7894 period showed their genesis from the northwest quadrant. Regarding a TC track, TCs in the 7894 period had a strong trend of moving from the far east sea of the Philippines via the East China Sea to the mid-latitude region in East Asia while TCs in the 9512 period showed a trend of moving from the Philippines toward the southern part of China westward. Thus, TC intensity in the 7894 period, which can absorb sufficient energy from the sea as they moved a long distance over the sea, was stronger than that of 9512. Large-scale environments were analyzed to determine the cause of such difference in TC activity occurred between two periods. During the 9512 period, anomalous cold and dry anticyclones were developed strongly in the East Asia continent. As a result, Korea and Japan were affected by the anomalous northerlies thereby preventing TCs in this period from moving toward the mid-latitude region in East Asia. Instead, anomalous easterlies (anomalous trade wind) were developed in the tropical western Pacific so that a high passage frequency from the Philippine to the south China region along the anomalous steering flows was revealed. The characteristics of the anomalous cold and dry anticyclone developed in the East Asia continent were also confirmed by the analysis of air temperature, relative humidity and sensible heat net flux showing that most regions in East Asia had negative values.

This study analyzed a correlation between South China Sea summer (June to September) monsoon (SCSSM) and the ENSO for the last 32 years (1979 to 2010). There was a correlation that the higher (lower) the SST in the Niño-3.4 region was, the weaker (stronger) the SCSSM intensity was. To identify the reason for this correlation, a difference of means between 8 El Niño years and 8 La Niña years (June to September). The analysis on the difference between two groups with respect to the 850 hPa stream flows showed that there were anomalous huge cyclones in the subtropical Pacific in the both hemispheres so that cold and dry anomalous northerlies were strengthened in the South China Sea relatively while anomalous westerlies were strengthened from the Maritime Continent to the off the coast of Chile. The analysis on the difference between two groups with respect to the 200 hPa stream flows showed that the opposite anomalous pressure system pattern to that in the 850 hPa stream flows were shown. In the subtropical Pacific of the both hemispheres, anomalous anticyclones existed so that anomalous easterlies were strengthened from the Maritime Continent to the equatorial central Pacific. Considering the anomalous atmospheric circulations in the upper and lower layers of the troposphere, upward airflows from the equatorial central and eastern Pacific were downward in the South China Sea and the Maritime Continent, which was a structure of anomalous atmospheric circulations. This means that the Walker Circulation was weakened and it was a typical structure of atmospheric circulations revealed in El Niño years.

This research is in developing a seismic isolation system for protecting a structure such as small non-structural assets at this point of time where seismological observation is on the rise in internal and external. this seismic isolation system was produced by using the damper with restoring force and damping force, and the LM guide which enable linear behavior, and progressed performance test.

Purpose: of the study was to investigate whether aerobic exercise has a positive effect on executive function and EEG with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) children and provides a basic data for relieving symptom and treatment to ADHD children. Methods: Research participants were totally 44 children. The group distribution was combination of exercise and methylphenidate group(n=16), methylphenidate group(n=14), and the control group(n=14). Research subjects pre․post measurement was made equally on executive function(WCST), and brain wave(EEG). Also, exercise program was progressed 3 times a week(every 60 minutes) during totally 8 weeks. Data processing in the experimental result was used PASW-PC 18.0 statistical program. The basic test on general characteristics and psychological variables in ADHD children before exercise was carried out one-way ANOVA. Also, a change in difference according to three groups and measurement period was carried out repeated measure analysis. To correctly analyze a change by factor, the paired t-test and repeated measured one-way ANOVA were carried out. Results: The 8-week aerobic exercise participation of children with ADHD was indicated to have positive effect on a change in executive function and EEG. Also, aerobic exercise was helpful to executive function and EEG. Based upon those results, we might expect to use for relax and improvement of negative symptoms with ADHD children.

자연재해를 비롯한 인적재난 등 방재정보에 대한 관리기관이 상이하고, 일부 보안이 요구되는 재난 정보의 특수성으로 인하여 적시적소의 자료 공유와 활용, 자료의 정확도 및 표준화 등 다양한 문제점들이 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소방방재청만의 고유주제도 개발을 위하여 기구축된 국가재난관리시스템(NDMS) 및 방재 관련 유관기관 자료에 대하여 자료 정확성 검토 및 수정작업을 수행하였으며, 이를 기초로 시범지역에 대한 방재기본도 및 방재주제도 작성을 위한 정량적 방법을 제시하였다. 아울러 구축된 방재기본도 및 방재주제도 자료들에 대한 효율적인 활용을 위하여 소방방재 지리정보시스템의 프로토타입을 개발하였다.

최근 지구온난화와 이상기후로 대규모 자연재해가 빈번히 발생하고 있으며, 그 피해규모가 점차 대형화·광역화되고 있는 추세이다. 또한 광범위한 재난상황에 대한 신속한 대응체계의 부재로 대규모 재난으로 인한 재난현장의 상황 파악이 곤란한 실정이다. 따라서 위성영상 기반 재해우려지역의 주기적 모니터링을 통한 사전 재해위험감지 및 선제적 대응능력 강화 필요성이 대두되고 있으며, “국가우주개발중장기기본계획”에 따른 위성영상을 활용한 국가재난관리체계 구축이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 빈발하고 있는 자연재해를 효과적으로 모니터링 하기 위해 위성센서와 운영체계 분석을 통해 재난대응 위성영상정보 활용성을 검토하고 위성영상을 활용한 국가재난관리 정보를 일괄·지속적으로 분석·제공·운용할 수 있는 방재위성센터 구축을 위한 단·중·장기 종합계획 수립을 통해 재난대응을 위한 위성영상정보 활용체계 구축 방안을 도출하였다.

전 세계적으로 홍수, 지진, 지진해일 등 복합적이고 광역적인 재해·재난이 발생함에 따라 많은 인적·물적 피해가 발생하고 있으며, 이에 대한 신속한 재난대응 및 피해지역에 대한 조기분석에 대해 국내외적으로 다양한 기술개발과 재난관리 적용성에 관한 연구개발이 진행되고 있다. 그 가운데 위성영상을 활용한 분석 결과에 대한 가치와 활용도가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 국내에서도 재해·재난분야의 위성영상 활용성을 인지하여 정부기관 고유 업무에 대한 실무적 대안 마련이 검토되고 있으며, 특히 재난발생시 위성영상 분석을 통한 의사결정지원에 대한 인식이 높아지고 있는 실정이다. 이와 관련하여 본 논문에서는 고해상상도 위성영상인 Kompsat-2 영상과 GeoEye 영상의 피해 전·후 영상을 육안 분석하여 2010년 1월 12일에 진도 7규모의 지진이 발생한 HAITI의 수도인 포르토프랭스 중심으로 건물피해 분석 및 피해밀집도를 분석하였다. 또한 이를 검증하기 위해 국외 위성영상 분석 전문기관인 UNOSAT 및 SERTIT의 영상촬영, 취득, 분석, 건물피해에 대해 비교·분석하여 결론을 도출하였다.

우리나라 전국에 설치된 CCTV는 무려 200만대(소방방재청 5200대, 경찰청 6000대, 지자체 31만대, 민간 170만대)가 넘어 보급대수로는 세계 최고수준이다. 하지만, 정작 문제는 양적성장 일변을 고집할 뿐, 실질적인 운용상의 효율성 제고를 간과하는데 있다. 다시 말해, CCTV 설치대수도 중요하겠지만, 어디에 어떤 목적으로 어떤 제원을 설치하고 특히, 과거에 기록된 정보를 효율적으로 검색하고, 명확히 판독하는지 등 용도별 목적에 맞게 적정하게 설치되었는가에 대한 관리상의 검토가 미흡하다는데 있다. 특히, 재난관리라는 목적의 경우는 국민의 인명과 재산에 결부되어있다는 점에서 더욱 민감도가 높다고 할 것이다. 지난 2009년부터 소방방재청에서는『재난관리용 CCTV를 통합·연계사업』과 병행하여 재난상황시 CCTV영상을 어떻게 활용할 것인가에 대해 심도 있는 검토를 추진해왔다. 전국 232개 시·군·구의 약 5,400여대의 재난관리용 CCTV를 연계해 공동활용 및 연계체계를 구축함으로써 현장 상황정보를 실시간 제공하고 특히, 재난유형별로 자동 위험알림기능을 제공해 재난을 사전에 예방하는 방안이 추진되고 있다. 하지만 이마져도 CCTV의 설치에 대한 정확한 지침과 근거, 최적의 입지조건과 사양에 대한 가이드라인의 미흡으로 정작 재난상황이라는 특수한 상황에 적합한 CCTV의 운영이라 하기엔 부족하다고 하겠다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 재난관리용도로 설치된 CCTV를 대상으로 GIS를 이용한 공간분석을 통해 최적의 입지조건 설계방안에 대해 검토하였다. 또한, 테스트베드를 통하여 재난관리용 CCTV가 갖추어야 할 제원(각도, 거리, 위치 등)에 대해 최소한의 조건에 대해 분석하였다. 아울러, 향후 재난관리를 목적으로 운영되는 CCTV 설치 및 운영에 필요한 진단, 분석, 평가방안에 대해 검토하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 단기간 집중⋅광역적 피해를 유발하는 폭설에 대해 MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 위성영상을 활용하여 적설지역을 관측하는데 있다. MODIS 위성영상, 지상관측 망으로부터 획득된 온도, 상대습도 및 적설자료는 폭설을 분석하기위한 기본 자료로 사용되었다. 위성영상에서 그림자와 같은 지형효과를 저감하기위해 코사인 알고리즘을 적용하였으며, MODIS 위성영상으로부터 정량적인 적설지역을 분석하기위해 눈 정규지수(Normalized Difference Snow Index: NDSI) 알고리즘을 적용하고 Kappa 통계량을 이용해서 정확성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 각각 91.30%(2001년 1월), 87.76%(2004년 3월), 70.79%(2011년 2월)의 정확도를 보였다. 따라서 위성영상을 활용한 분석기반 프로세스는 보다 효과적이고 과학적인 의사결정지원을 위한 하나의 도구로서 활용될 수 있으며, 위성영상 정보 및 지상관측 망을 이용한 입체적 모니터링은 신속한 상황판단 고도화를 위한 기본 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

The effects of meteorological and reclaiming conditions on the reduction of suspended particles are investigated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with the k-ε turbulence closure scheme based on the renormalization group (RNG) theory. Twelve numerical experiments with different meteorological and reclaiming conditions are performed. For identifying the meteorological characteristics of the target area and providing the inflow conditions of the CFD model, the observed data from the automatic weather station (AWS) near the target area is analyzed. Complicated flow patterns such as flow distortion, horse-shoe vortex, recirculation zone, and channeling flow appeared due to the topography and buildings in the domain. Specially, the flow characteristics around the reclamation area are affected by the reclaiming height, reclaiming size and windbreak height. Reclaiming height affected the wind speed above the reclaiming area. Windbreak induces more complicated flow patterns around the reclaiming area as well as within the reclaiming area. In front of the windbreak, flow is distorted as it impinges on the windbreak. As a result, upward flow is generated there. Behind the windbreak, a secondary circulation, so called, a recirculation zone is generated and flow is reattached at the end of the recirculation zone (reattachment point). At the lower part of the recirculation zone, there is a reverse flow toward the windbreak. Flow passing to the reattachment point starts to be recovered. Total amounts of suspended particles are calculated using the frictional and threshold frictional velocities, erosion potential function, and the number of surface disturbance. In the case of a 10 m-reclaiming and northerly wind, the amount of suspended particles is largest. In the presence of 5 m windbreak, the friction velocity above the reclaiming area is largely reduced. As a result, the total amount of the suspended particles largely decreases, compared to the case with the same reclaiming and meteorological conditions except for the windbreak The calculated suspended particle amounts are used as the emission rate of the dispersion model simulations and the dispersion characteristics of the suspended particles are analyzed.

본 연구의 목적은 ADHD 아동의 운동 프로그램 참여에 따른 그들의 기분상태와 인지기능의 변화를 단일 피험자 연구 설계법을 통하여 장기간 심층적으로 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구참여자는 연구의 목적에 부합토록 실험 시작 당시 서울 소재 C대학교 종합병원 소아정신과에서 ADHD로 판명되어 치료중인 초등학생 4명을 대상으로 하였다. 측정도구로는 Rejeski(1985)가 개발한 기분상태 척도(Feeling Scale: FS)와 인지기능을 측정하기 위해 Wechsler(1991)가 제작한 웩슬러 아동지능검사(WISC-Ⅲ:Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third)를 곽금주, 박혜원과 김청택(2001)이 표준화한 한국 웩슬러 아동용 개인 지능검사 도구(K-WISC-Ⅲ)를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 실험설계는 단일피험자 설계(single subject design) 유형 중철회 설계(withdrawal design)의 대표적인 A1-B1-A2-B2 설계법을 채택하여 총24주 동안 심층적으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 연구절차를 통하여 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ADHD 아동의 운동 참여는 그들의 기분상태를 긍정적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, ADHD 아동의 운동 참여는 그들의 인지 기능 중 집중력과 처리속도에 긍정적 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 운동 처치 프로그램의 효과들은 단일피험자 설계법에 의거하여 A2단계(운동철회)와 B2단계(2차 운동처치)에서 재차 검증되었으며 타당성을 확보하였다. 본 연구의 결과들은 ADHD 아동의 운동 참여에 따른 다양한 효과를 확장시키고 운동의 효과를 일반화 시키는데 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.