The flaw of low dispersibility in the metal matrix brought on by graphene's full crystal structure can be improved by the application of ion beam radiation to the surface of the material. Copper atoms are uniformly dispersed on the modified graphene oxide ( GOM) surface after being irradiated to a copper ion beam, and during the sputtering modification, the valence state of copper is changed, resulting in the formation of a new CuO phase on the graphene oxide (GO) surface. Therefore, after copper ion beam irradiation of graphene, the interfacial adhesion between GOM and copper matrix is enhanced, and the wear resistance is significantly improved. When the GOM content is low, it can withstand most of the load during the friction and wear test, which reduces the wear of the copper matrix and the occurrence of fatigue cracks at the interface of the composite material.

Exploring earth-abundant, highly effective and stable electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting is urgent and essential to the development of hydrogen (H2) energy technology. Iron-cobalt layered double hydroxide (FeCo-LDH) has been widely used as an electrocatalystfor OER due to its facile synthesis, tunable components, and low cost. However, LDH synthesized by the traditional hydrothermal method tends to easily agglomerate, resulting in an unstable structure that can change or dissolve in an alkaline solution. Therefore, studying the real active phase is highly significant in the design of electrochemical electrode materials. Here, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are used as template precursors to derive FeCo-LDH from different iron sources. Iron salts with different anions have a significant impact on the morphology and charge transfer properties of the resulting materials. FeCo-LDH synthesized from iron sulfate solution (FeCo-LDH-SO4) exhibits a hybrid structure of nanosheets and nanowires, quite different from other electrocatalysts that were synthesized from iron chloride and iron nitrate solutions. The final FeCo-LDH-SO4 had an overpotential of 247 mV with a low Tafel-slope of 60.6 mV dec-1 at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and delivered a long-term stability of 40 h for the OER. This work provides an innovative and feasible strategy to construct efficient electrocatalysts.

Implementing a rural revitalization strategy will help spread traditional culture and promote the sustainable development of traditional handicrafts. Batik is a traditional handicraft made by residents in China’s minority areas in their daily lives. This study was conducted because of a lack of objective methods for evaluating related project plans. This study was conducted to develop an index for the sustainable development of functional traditional batik production. This study had three major parts. The first part was a literature review that investigated sustainable and traditional batik dyeing and a field investigation carried out in Shitou Village, Danzhai County and Danzhai Paimo Village, Anshun, Guizhou to identify the factors that influence traditional batik production. The second part identified the factors identified in previous research that affect sustainable, traditional batik production and the projects executed to do the same. The third part was a survey conducted using the Delphi method. The results were analyzed, producing 10 influencing and 23 detailed factors that affect traditional batik production. Future research in this area should draw on various disciplines, investigate the direction in which traditional batik production is developing, and determine how to promote the sustainable development of other traditional handicrafts.

Despite a surging amount of research on value co-creation in the social media context, research on how value co-creation and value co-destruction coexist from a system perspective remains scarce. This conceptual research aims to understand how social media allows for value to be co-created and/or co-destroyed in interconnected social networks. The study takes a first step toward integrating the two value processes in the social media context and opens up new research possibilities. By looking at value co-creation, we differentiate between values that are created from both firm and customer sides and show the value can be destructed if without cautions. From a managerial standpoint, the proposed framework could facilitate managers to build a more holistic view of creating social media value through collaboration with their social media users.

This paper utilized the dual coding theory (Yang, Hlee, Lee, & Koo, 2017) and theory of latent state–trait (LST) (Steyer, Schmitt and Eid, 1999) to the application of consumer impulse purchasing behaviors and further revealed that the number of reaching can thus be identified as a trigger for impulse buying on social media. Three inputs (number of color, text length, number of photo) and three outputs (number of likes; number of comments, and shares; and number of clicks on post) are used to develop this marketing message performance assessment model in the social medial based on the literature and expert opinions through data envelopment analysis (DEA). The disaggregate efficiencies are also assessed in order to improve the individual input resource performance in a total-factor framework. Resource-saving target ratios (RSTR) for 60 marketing message in a five-star hotel chain. The empirical findings indicate that the average total-factor text length efficiency (TFTLE) is worse than the total-factor photo efficiency (TFPE) in the Facebook platform in the five-star hotel chain. This result suggests that photo message is more attractive for viewer than the text message. Managerial discussion and the future studies are discussed.

한 젊은 여인에 대한 사랑으로 복잡해지는 예이츠의 중기 시는 나이 들어감에 대해 미묘한 반응을 보인다. 예이츠는 나이의 속박에서 풀려나는 젊음과 열정의 세계를 갈구한다. 반면에 그는 노년과 전통적인 노년에 대한 생각들에 영향을 받는 한 계도 포괄적으로 인식한다. 이 두 상충하는 목소리는 똑같이 강하며 노년기의 시에서 공개적인 저항과 투쟁으로 발전하여 시들 속의 긴장감을 만들어낸다.

예이츠의 늙어가는 애인에 대한 시는 다양한 반응을 보인다. 애인의 늙 어감은 낭만적 환상으로 시작하여, 낭만적 표현을 위한 존재로, 시인이 피하고 부정하 는 감상적 실재로, 언어로 채울 준비가 안된 부재로, 그리고 마침내 살피고, 명상하고, 창조하는 기회가 된다. 늙음은 이제 시의 영감을 위한 생과 사의 문제가 아니라, 시인 이 인정하고, 사색하고, 마침내 변화시키는 엄연한 사실이 된다. 연인에 대한 보다 나 은 앎과 보다 나은 관계와 자신에 대한 이해뿐 아니라 철학적 사색, 사회적 비판, 시적 상상력을 위한 음식이 된다. 애인의 나이듦으로 초래되는 부재는 강한 존재가 된다. 이 를 통해서 사랑에 의존하는 꿈꾸는 시인에서 자신과 자신의 예술의 주인이 된다.

By adopting regression and time series analysis, this article tries to quantify people’s enthusiasm towards beauty based on sales performance of cosmetics product in previous years in China. The basic assumption in this paper is that people’s attitude towards beauty is positively associated with their purchase behavior of cosmetics product.

Consumers nowadays are looking for luxury brands that are able to fulfil their values. Luxury fashion marketers have spent enormously on advertising and adopted sex appeal extensively as their major selling technique. Little empirical evidence, however, has been presented with regards to the effectiveness of using sex appeal in luxury fashion advertising. Consumer responses to sex appeal in luxury brand advertisements are also poorly understood and under-investigated. The massive use of sex appeal in luxury brand advertising suggests the strong need for empirical research to determine the relationship between sex appeal and perceived luxury values. Based on the luxury value framework and adopting a quasi-experimental design, this study examines the influence of sex appeal in advertising on the relationships between attitude towards the advertisement and luxury value perceptions. Results show that the increase of sex appeal level increases the favourability of the advertisement which results in significant changes in luxury value perceptions. The influence of gender is found to be prominent in this study, which highlights the importance of gender consideration when adopting sex appeal strategy for any luxury brand advertising. Implications for luxury brand marketers and advertisers are discussed.

Advertising is important for tourism and past research has demonstrated its cognitive, affective and behavioural effects on consumers (e.g., Vakratsas & Ambler, 1999). These effects are largely dependent on how well viewers process advertisements that contains different elements, such as image, description and slogan. Images are particularly important to tourism advertisements and most tourism advertisements include images of the advertised destination. This paper proposes a conceptual model which explores the influences of image vividness and image congruity on the effectiveness of ecotourism advertisements. The Meaning Transfer Model (e.g., McCracken, 1989) suggests an object’s meaning can be transferred through images. This model has been widely adopted in advertising because most advertisements contain images. Images are believed to help transfer the intended advertising meaning and intention of the advertiser (Shimp & Andrews 2013). Most previous advertising research has focused on meaning transfer through the use of celebrity endorsers (e.g., Campbell & Warren, 2012; Hanrahan & Liu, 2013) whilst limited studies have examined key factors that influence the success of a meaning transfer from an advertising image to the advertised brand . Image vividness is believed to be one of the important factors that can influence the success of a meaning transfer (Nisbett & Ross, 1980). However, findings from previous research on image vividness are far from consistent. Some findings suggest that image vividness facilitate imagery processing and subsequently increase advertisement and brand favourability (Fennis et al., 2012) whilst other findings suggest that image vividness has no direct impact on attitude formation or persuasion (Taylor & Thompson, 1982). Recent research suggests that, advertising elements, in particular image vividness, may play an important role in forming the attitude towards the advertisement as well as the travel intention towards the advertised destination (Pelsmacker et al., 2002; Rasty et al., 2013). Besides image vividness, image congruity may be another important factor in determining the success of a meaning transfer through advertising images (Shimp & Andrews, 2013). Congruity has been widely studied in the field of consumer behaviour (Sirgy, 1990; Wang et al., 2009). McLaughlin (2009) categorised advertising congruity into four types (advertisement and context congruity, advertisement and product congruity, advertisement and advertiser congruity, and advertisement and other commercial component(s) congruity). Image congruity with the advertised product category has been identified as one of the most important advertising congruities (Chandon et al., 2000). Congruent advertisements are better than incongruent advertisements in generating positive attitudes or feelings towards an advertisement. For example, Kamins et al. (1991) found a viewer’s perceived congruity between the emotions reflected in a tourism advertisement and the media invoke more positive attitude towards the advertisement. Further, Rifon et al. (2004) found congruity between the description of an advertisement (ad description) and an advertising website used to display the advertisement resulted in more positive attitude towards the brand. Congruent advertisements can also generate a better purchasing intention. Kamins et al. (1991) found congruent advertisements were better at invoking an intention to use an advertised service. Conversely, incongruent advertisements lead to frustration or other negative feelings or a less favourable attitude towards an advertisement (Mandler, 1981). Australian ecotourism advertisements are selected as the context of the current study. Ecotourism is a nature-based tourism that focuses on preserving the environment, benefiting local economies and educating travellers (Weaver, 2008). Although ecotourism is rapidly developing in the last decade, the effectiveness of ecotourism advertising has been rarely researched, perhaps because ecotourism is still a relatively new area of tourism (Hughes et al., 2005). Reiser & Simmons’s (2005) study is among a handful of studies which have investigated the effectiveness of ecotourism advertisements. Their study found that ecotourism labels helped develop a positive attitude towards an advertisement and the advertised destination. Additionally, Chang et al. (2005) found that the use of a celebrity aboriginal endorser was more effective in achieving a favourable attitude towards an advertisement than was the use of a non-celebrity aboriginal endorser. Ecotourism advertisements often use three major types of images (scenery, animal and people) (Morgan & Pritchard, 2001). However, no empirical studies have examined the meaning transfer between image and advertising responses within the ecotourism context. People’s Republic of China is a critical market for Australian tourism and it is Australia’s second largest tourist source country (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Chinese tourists ranked first in terms of total trip expenditures (a total of $5.7 billion in 2014) (Tourism Research Australia, 2015). By 2020, China is expected to become Australia’s largest source country (Tourism Australia, 2011).The ecotourism market in China has risen in the past decade since its introduction in the 1990s (Cheng et al., 2013; Zhong et al., 2007). There were 1.9 billion domestic trips in China in 2009, of which 333 million were ecotourism trips. Around 80% of China’s nature reserves now have some form of ecotourism feature (Chappell, 2012). Chinese ecotourists are increasingly interested in taking overseas ecotourism trips. However, no previous study has empirically examined Chinese ecotourists’ attitude towards foreign ecotourism advertisements, which provides the opportunity for the current study. Based on the above discussion, the paper proposes positive relationships among image vividness, image congruity, attitude towards the advertisement and travel intention towards the ecotourism destination. Empirical research will be carried out in the future to test the proposed relationships. The theoretical framework can also be extended by including other advertising effectiveness measures such as comprehension or emotion (MacKay & Fesenmaier, 1997) so as to develop a better understanding of Chinese ecotourists’ responses to ecotourism advertisements.

Browning is one of the key factors that influenced the callus subculture of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). Effects of medium composition and exogenous hormones: macro elements of Murashige and Skoog (MS salts) and iron salt (Fe2+), pH, agar and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin (KT) on the callus browning of P. suffruticosa ‘Shan Hu Tai’ in vitro were studied in this paper. Results showed that the browning of P. suffruticosa callus were more sensitive to KT than 6-BA in different concentrations of 6-BA and KT separately with different concentrations of NAA, and reduced to the lowest (13.3%) under 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA plus 0.3 mg·L-1 KT. 1/4 × MS plus 1/4 × Fe2+ was the best basic medium in which the browning rate was only 18.2%. The browning rate of the callus was the lowest of 4.0% under pH 6.5 and the callus grew better in 7.0 g·L-1 agar than others. This study indicated that the best medium preventing P. suffruticosa callus in vitro from browning was: 1/4 × MS medium supplemented with 6.95 mg·L-1Fe2+, 0.3 mg·L-1 KT, 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA, 6.0 g·L-1 agar and 30 g·L-1 sucrose in pH 6.5.

W. B. 예이츠의 노년을 다룬 초기 시는, 비록 예이츠가 젊어서 썼지만, 상실 속에서의 위엄이나 폐허에 대한 열정과 같은 기본적인 톤이 생기는데 이것은 그 의 후기 시에서 늙음에 대한 거친 저항으로 발전한다. 그의 초기 시는 후기의 나이에 대한 시의 서곡의 역할을 한다. 더구나, 이 시들은 후기의 나이든 예이츠가 늙음의 족 쇄를 벗고 젊은 자신과 다시 일체가 되게 하는 데 도움이 된다.

Many advanced ground-based solar telescopes improve the spatial resolution of observation images using an adaptive optics (AO) system. As any AO correction remains only partial, it is necessary to use post-processing image reconstruction techniques such as speckle masking or shift-and-add (SAA) to reconstruct a high-spatial-resolution image from atmospherically degraded solar images. In the New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), the spatial resolution in solar images is improved by frame selection and SAA. In order to overcome the burden of massive speckle data processing, we investigate the possibility of using the speckle reconstruction program in a real-time application at the telescope site. The code has been written in the C programming language and optimized for parallel processing in a multi-processor environment. We analyze the scalability of the code to identify possible bottlenecks, and we conclude that the presented code is capable of being run in real-time reconstruction applications at NVST and future large aperture solar telescopes if care is taken that the multi-processor environment has low latencies between the computation nodes.

R-type(Cav2.3) calcium channel contributes to pain sensation in peripheral sensory neurons. Six isoforms of Cav2.3 that result from combinations of presence or deletion of three inserts(insert I and insert in the II-III loop, and insert III in N-terminal regions) have been demonstrated to be present in different mammalian tissues. However, the molecular basis of Cav2.3 in trigeminal ganglion(TG) neurons is not known. In the present study, we determined which isoforms of Cav2.3 are expressed in rat TG neurons using the RT-PCR analysis. Whole tissue RT-PCR analyses revealed that only two isoforms, Cav2.3a and Cav2.3e, were present in TG neurons. From single-cell RT-PCR, we found that Cav2.3e rather than Cav2.3a was the major isoform expressed in TG neurons, and Cav2.3e was preferentially detected in small-sized neurons that express nociceptive marker, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1). Our results suggest that Cav2.3e in trigeminal neurons may be a potential target for the pain treatment.

This paper described the state of art of porous metal materials, the typical manufacturing technologies and performances of sintered metal porous materials, with emphasis on the recent research achievements of CISRI in development of porous metal materials. High performance porous metal materials, such as metallic membrane, sub-micron asymmetric composite porous metal, large dimensional and structure complicated porous metal aeration cones and tube, metallic catalytic filter elements, lotus-type porous materials, etc, have been developed. Their applications in energy industry, petrochemical industry, clean coal process and other industrial fields were introduced and discussed.

Gas filtration at high temperature from industrial processes offers various advantages such as increasing process efficiency, improving heat recovery and materials resource recovery, etc. At the same time, it is an advanced environment protection technology. This paper describes a newly developed metallic filter element. The manufacturing process of sintered metallic powder and the mechanical and filtration characteristics of this filter element were investigated. In this work, the phase constituent changes of the powder during sintering were studied. The newly developed filter elements were found to have excellent corrosion resistance, good thermal resistance, high strength and high filtration efficiency.

A predictive controller can solve a control problem related to a disturbance-dominant system such as roll stabilization of a ship in waves. In this paper, a predictive controller is developed for a fin stabilizer. Future wave-induced moment is modeled simply using two typical regular wave components for which six parameters are identified by the recursive Fourier transform and the least squares method using the past time series of the roll motion. After predicting the future wave-induced moment, optimal control theory is applied to discover the most effective command fin angle that will stabilize the roll motion. In the results, wave prediction performance is investigated, and the effectiveness of the predictive controller is compared to a conventional PD controller.