A new oak mushroom cultivar Lentinula edodes ‘Eomjisong’ (LE23734), was developed by crossing the dikaryotic and monokaryotic strains of ‘KME36298’ and ‘KME36288-1’, respectively. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of ‘Eomjisong’ on potato dextrose agar was 23–27°C, and was 15–20°C for fruiting body development. The cultivation period of ‘Eomjisong’ was 131 days, which was 3 days shorter than that of the control cultivar ‘Hanacham’. Morphologically, ‘Eomjisong’ showed stipe length and thickness similar to those of ‘Hanacham’, however, the pileus was larger and thicker. Furthermore, the pileus of ‘Eomjisong’ exhibited higher brightness than that of ‘Hanacham’. Productivity tests showed that the total yield of ‘Eomjisong’ reached 555 g, which was approximately 25.6% higher than that of ‘Hanacham’ (442 g). These findings indicate that ‘Eomjisong’ is a promising cultivar with enhanced productivity and morphological advantages over ‘Hanacham’, suggesting its potential for commercial cultivation.

The topic of indoor air quality has attracted great interest since urban dwellers spend over 90% of their time indoors, such as public facilities, public transport and homes. In this study, the changes and current status of indoor air quality management and improvement policies for public facilities in Korea were discussed. Furthermore, we investigated the concentration and contamination status of indoor air pollutants based on the indoor air quality guidance and inspection report from 2007-2017 published by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. As a result, we found that while the PM10 concentration in public facilities decreased consistently, there was no clear change in the CO2 concentration. The HCHO concentrations were high in museums, art galleries, and postpartum centers, etc. The child care centers showed a high concentration of TCB. In conclusion, we suggested that it is necessary to focus on target substances according to the type of facility to manage indoor air quality efficiently. Intensive management and monitoring are particularly needed in child care centers to improve the indoor air quality.

We have hybridized Angelic gigas Nakai flower extract (AGNF) and two-dimensional layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials through reversible dehydration-hydration in order to obtain the nanopowder of natural extract. The Angelica gigas Nakai flower was treated with methanol to extract carbohydrate, polyphenol, and flavonoid components. LDH with an uniform size of 250 nm was prepared by hydrothermal method and calcined at 400ºC to obtain layered double oxide (LDO) precursor. For hybridization, AGNF in 40% methanol was reacted with LDO powder at various AGNF/LDO weight ratios: 0.15, 0.30, 0.85, and 1.70. The hybrids were obtained in fine powder which had enhanced hydrophilicity and water dispersity compared with dried AGNF. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic results revealed that the house-of-cards structure of nanomaterials could encapsulate AGNF moiety inside their cavity. Quantitative analyses using UV-Vis spectra exhibited that the content of AGNF in hybrid increased upon AGNF/LDO ratio in reactant increased. According to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, AGNF/LDO showed higher antioxidant activity compared with an equivalent amount of AGNF itself.

큰느타리버섯은 장거리 해상운송 후 갈변 및 조직 물러 짐에 의한 품질저하가 클레임의 원인이 되는데, 수출 중 신선도 유지를 위한 전처리 기술을 개발하고자 CO2 처리 의 효과를 검증하였다. 버섯의 수확후 5 o C에서 30, 50% 농도의 CO2를 3시간 처리하고 관행적인 방법으로 필름 포장한 다음 20 o C와 5 o C에 저장하며 무처리와의 품질을 비교분석하였다. CO2 처리구는 무처리에 비해 저장 중 조 직 경도와 색도(Hunter ‘L’, ‘b’)를 유지하였고, 관능평가 에서도 품질이 급격히 저하되는 저온저장 3주차에 조직 물러짐 정도와 갈변지수가 낮아 신선도 유지에 효과가 있 었다. CO2 처리 농도 중 30% 처리구가 50%에 비해 상품 성이 높았으며 무처리에 비해서는 5 o C에서 약 1주일간 신 선도 유지기간이 연장되었다. 따라서 큰느타리버섯의 장 거리 해상운송 중 품질유지를 위한 전처리 방법으로 CO2 처리가 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되며 현장적용을 위해 효 과가 있는 CO2 처리농도의 범위 및 장해를 유발하는 한 계농도의 설정과 처리시간 등 추가적인 실험이 요구된다.

목 적: 본 연구는 안경테 소재용 셀룰로오스 아세테이트(Cellulose Acetate; CA)의 최적 가공조건을 규 명하여 안경테 전용 가공기의 설계조건 선정에 활용하고자 한다. 방 법: CA안경테 소재의 가공성 평가를 위해 절삭력, 표면조도 및 형상, 칩 형상 등을 분석하였다. 절삭 속도와 이송속도를 가공변수로 다양한 실험을 수행하여 적정 가공조건을 선정하였다. 결 과: CA안경테의 반경방향 절삭력은 절삭속도에 변화에 따른 영향이 미미한 반면, 이송방향 절삭력은 20,000과 30,000 rpm에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 표면조도는 날당 이송이 작은 0.05 mm 경우 절삭속도가 증가하면서 양호해지는 결과를 얻었다. 결 론: 안경테 소재용 CA의 가공성을 절삭력과 가공면의 상태를 고려하여 평가하였다. 절삭력을 고려했을 때 절삭속도가 25,000 rpm이 가장 적정한 조건으로 나타났다. 표면조도를 고려했을 경우에는 저 날당 이 송, 고 절삭속도가 최적 가공조건이었다. 따라서 이를 종합했을 때 절삭력은 전체적으로 낮은 값을 가지므로 표면조도를 주요 인자로 고려하여 날당 이송 0.05 mm, 절삭속도 20,000~ 30,000 rpm이 적정 가공조건으 로 나타났다.

An efficient method for the rapid propagation of Smilax china from axillary buds was established. Plants with thick leafage were selected from Korea native S. china population. Axillary buds of S. china collected from selected plant and were cultured in various culture media (2MS, MS, 1/2MS, WPM, B5 and SH medium). Shoot was induced from axillary bud on MS basal medium after 4 weeks of culture. 1/2MS medium showed a higher growth rate than those of the others, while the lowest shoot growth was obtained in 2MS medium. Among the sucrose concentrations, 5% sucrose was the optimum level for shoots growth from axillay buds. Among cytokinins, 0.5 mg L -1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) treatment showed the best performance on shoot multiplication, yielding average shoot multiplication forming about 2.4. Rooting was induced directly near the base of the shoot on 1/2MS medium containing with three-auxins α-napthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and β-indolebutyric acid (IBA) (0.5 and 1.0 mg L -1 ). The 1.0 mg L -1 IBA treatments induced earliest rooting with maximum of root number and root growth. These rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to pots for 4 weeks hardening process, and were transferred to soil with above 90% survival rate.

Inappropriate storage of fresh-cut onions may result in losses of good quality. To understand storage conditions for shelf-life and quality of fresh-cut onions, The effect of packing type and storage temperature on the quality of fresh-cut onions was evaluated. Onions stored at 0℃ for 2 months were peeled off after removing root and shoot parts. Each three peeled onions were packed in a polyethylene film (PE, 50 μm) or in a polyethylene/polypropylene film (PE/PP, 100 μm) with vacuum treatment (70 cmHg) and stored at different temperatures (4, and 10℃) for 21 days. The following analyses were examined to evaluate the quality of fresh-cut onions: microbial population, surface color, titratable acidity and pH, respiration rate, and sensory quality. Fresh-cut onions stored at 4℃ showed less aerobic and coliform bacterial population than those stored at 10℃ during observation periods. Fungal populations of fresh-cut onions packed in PE film stored at 10℃ increased significantly after 13 days. E. coli was not detected in all treatments during whole storage periods. Surface colors of fresh-cut onions were not affected by packing type and storage temperature, however, color difference (ΔE) of fresh-cut onions in PE/PP film stored at 10℃ was significantly higher than those of other treatments. Titratable acidity of fresh-cut onions was not affected by packing type and storage temperature. However, pH of fresh-cut onions packed in PE film stored at 10℃ increased gradually over the whole storage period. Fresh-cut onions packed in PE film showed higher CO2 and less O2 concentrations at 10℃ than those at 4℃. The sensory quality of fresh-cut onions was significantly affected by packing type and storage temperature after 13 days. Particularly, vacuum treatment in PE/PP film showed better sensory quality than that of PE film package at the same storage temperature. It was concluded that vacuum treatment and storage at 4℃ could be effective to prolong the quality of fresh-cut onions up to 21 days.

IPP isomerase (Iso) and Limonene synthase (Limo) are important enzymes in terpenoids biosynthesis pathway. The wild type and each metabolically engineered (Iso and Limo) transgenic spearmint (Mentha spicata Linne) plants were compared for their growth patterns and the contents of essential oil in in vitro culture media. The profile of terpenoid metabolites was obtained from the essential oil of the metabolically engineered transgenic spearmint, which was extracted using a modified SDE method, by GC-MS analysis. The growth of wild spearmint was more profuse in B5 culture medium than in other media. Significant differences in leaf and root growth patterns were observed between metabolically engineered transgenic and wild type spearmint plants. The leaves of the transgenic spearmint plants were slightly elongated but were dramatically narrower than those of wild type spearmints. The content of essential oil of transgenic spearmint was different slightly depending on the target terpenoid genes. The content of essential oils in Limo transgenic plants was higher than that of Iso, except for transgenic plant in B5 medium. The transgenic spearmint produced more terpenoids than the wild type. Iso spearmint extracts showed eleven terpenoids and a phenylpropane, while Limo spearmint extracts contained nine terpenoids. However, extracts from the wild type showed the presence of only four terpenoids.

Effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) on the shoot and bulb growth of wild garlic (Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum) were studied by adopting in vitro culture. These macronutrients influenced the growth of both the shoot and bulb of garlic depending upon their application doses. A minimum of 3% potassium nitrate (KNO3) as a source of nitrogen was found to be critical for shoot elongation while higher concentrations were inhibitory. Garlic bulb growth was profuse on the usual KNO3 strength and sucrose (7%), followed by KNO3 (9.4 mM) supplement. On providing 41.22 mM ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as nitrogen source highest shoot growth was observed while 82.45 mM NH4NO3 as a source of nitrogen supported high bulb growth. With regard to potassium a good shoot growth was observed in medium that contained 0.31 mM KH2PO4 and 3% sucrose, while bulb growth was high on 2.5 mM KH2PO4 and 7% sucrose. These experiments may thus direct the development of excellent growth conditions for the commercial production of edible wild garlic.

This study carried out development of a natural antimicrobial agent from Schima wallichii ssp. liukiuensis. Compound I exhibiting potent antimicrobial activity against Candida spp. was isolated from the methanol extracts of Schima wallichii ssp. liukiuensis. The structure of I identified as a sterol glycoside consisted of a trisaccharide and α1-sitosterol. Trisaccharide composed of L-rhamnose, D-galactose and D-glucose residues. The antimicrobial activity of I was selective on yeast rather than bacteria or other fungi. Compound I was demonstrated to be ineffective against toxicity to mouse liver cells where as protective to human dermal fibroblast cells at low concentrations. Thus, it is reasonable to expect a sterol glycoside (I) as a valuable alternative for synthetic antifungal.