본 연구는 문학과 종교를 아우르는 연구 방법론을 탐색함을 목적으로 한다. 첫째, 문학의 연구 방법과 종교학의 연구 방법의 유사점과 차이점에 대해서 설명하고 각각의 연구 방법에는 어떤 것들이 있는지 유형화했다. 역사학, 사회학, 심리학 혹은 정신분석, 철학, 현대 비평 이론과 같은 학문적 유형과 과학과의 관계, 비교, 해석과 같은 활동으로서의 유형이 있음을 발견하게 되었다. 둘째, 이를 바탕으로 그동안 한국문학과종교학회를 통해 발표된 논문들에서 어떤 연구 방법들이 사용되었는지 살펴보았다. 여기서 발견한 주목할 만한 방법론적 경향성은 문학 작품 속에 나타난 종교적 주제를 다양한 개념적 도구를 사용하여 해석하는 것이다. 또한 종교 현상이나 종교 텍스트 자체를 분석하는 연구도 두드러진 흐름이다. 외국 작가나 작품과 한국 작가나 작품을 비교하는 연구 역시 찾아볼 수 있다. 이 논문의 마지막 부분에서 한국문학과종교학회의 스펙트럼이 더 넓어질 수 있도록, 그리고 새로운 도약을 이룰 수 있도록 몇 가지 제안을 덧붙인다.

This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of buckwheat soksungjang and commercial doenjang. We analyzed moisture, total sugar, color, salinity, amino type nitrogen, amino acids, and antioxidant activities. Buckwheat soksungjang had lower salinity content (7.44±0.10%) than commercial doenjang (8.82-9.81%). The quercetin content of buckwheat soksungjang was 0.78±0.01 mg% while commercial doenjang’s was 0.29-1.16 mg%. The DPPH and content of the total polyphenol of buckwheat soksungjang (DPPH radical scavenging activity 62.21±0.45% and total polyphenol content 447.51±14.61 mg%) and commercial doenjang (DPPH radical scavenging activities: 44.07-68.50%; total polyphenol contents: 328.26-407.51 mg%) were both significant.

본 연구에서 주식류 9종에 대해 조리분량(4인분, 100인분)에 따른 영양성분을 비교한 결과, 주식류 종류에 따라영양성분의 차이를 나타내는 것이 상이하였지만 대량조리에 따른 영양성분의 함량 변화를 보이는 것이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 추후, 다양한 주식류에 대해 대량조리 시영양성분 변화에 대한 연구 및 단체급식소에서 적용할 수있도록 대량조리 영양성분 DB화가 이루어져야 할 것으로생각된다. 뿐만 아니라 대량조리에 있어서 품질 기준이 될수 있는 관능적 평가도 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 보인다.

감자 품종별 일반성분, 유리당, 유기산, 유리아미노산을 분석하였고 물결합력 및 oil 흡수력, 색도를 측정한 결과 감자 품종에 따라 영양성분 함량 및 이화학적 특성의 차이를 보였다. 조단백질 함량은 서홍이 높았고 조회분은 추강이 높았다. 감자의 유리당 함량은 sucrose, glucose, fructose 순으로 함유되어 있었으며 주 유기산으로는 oxalic acid, citricacid, malic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid이었다. 감자 23품종의 필수, 비필수 아미노산 함량은 각각 60.33-550.91 μmol/100 g, 30.44-1,0998.58 μmol/100 g 범위였다. 감자 품종 중 대지가 물 결합력이, 자심이 oil흡수력이 높았고 특히 칩 가공용인 대서와 가원과 비슷하거나 낮은 oil흡수력 을 보인 추백, 조풍, 하령, 신남작도 지방함량을 줄일 수 있는 가공제품에 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원의 활용으로 수입 사료를 줄이고 사료비 절감에 기여하고자 갈대(Phragmites communis)를 공시하여 생육시기별사료가치와 재생 및 생산성을 구명하였다. 시험 1은 경기 안산 시화간척지 갈대 자생지에서2009년 5월부터 2010년 4월까지 7생육시기별사료가치를 분석하였으며, 시험 2는 천안 국립축산과학원 갈대 재배지에서 2011년 5월부터11월까지 10시기별로 수량과 사료가치 및 재생특성을 조사하였다. (시험 1) 5월부터 갈대의생육이 진행될수록 사료가치는 크게 낮아졌다.조단백질 함량은 2009년 5월, 7월, 9월, 2010년 4월 말에 수확하였을 때 각각 7.7%, 4.6%, 3.7%, 2.2%로, 상대사료가치 (RFV)는 각각 80.2,65.1, 61.8, 52.8로, 건물 소화율은 각각 59.3%,46.9%, 42.2%, 36.4%로 감소하였다. 반면 리그닌 함량은 7.1%, 9.9%, 12.0%, 13.2%로 크게증가하였다. (시험 2) 1차 수확한 갈대의 생육과 수량은 6월 하순에서 7월 중순 수확시 양호하였으며, 조단백질, RFV, 건물소화율 등 사료가치는 시험 1과 마찬가지로 생육이 진행될수록 낮아졌다. 1차 수확이 빠를수록 갈대의 재생은 양호한 경향이나 7월 말 이후는 차이가작았고, 8월 이후 재생은 매우 부진하였다. 연간 수량은 2011년 5월, 6월, 7월, 8월, 9월, 10월, 11월 말에 수확하였을 때 건물수량은 각각7,329 kg/ha, 12,527 kg, 9,593 kg, 8,279 kg, 7,649kg, 5,822 kg, 5,540 kg으로, 조단백질 수량은 각각 1,067 kg/ha, 1,201 kg, 1,046 kg, 533 kg, 377kg, 258 kg, 175 kg으로, 가소화 건물수량은 각각 3,924 kg/ha, 5,264 kg, 4,273 kg, 3,322 kg,3,352 kg, 2,195 kg 및 1,887 kg으로 낮아졌다(p<0.05). 본 연구에서 RFV를 기준한 갈대의조사료 (건초) 품질등급은 5월 갈대는 4등급 (다소 불량), 6~9월 갈대는 5등급 (불량), 10월, 11월 및 이듬 해 4월 갈대는 6등급 (부적합)이었으며, 재생 갈대는 모두 4등급 (다소 불량)으로분류되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때, 갈대는 늦어도 7월 안으로 수확․사료화 하는 것 이 양호한 가소화 건물수량과 볏짚 이상의 사료적 가치를 기대할 수 있어 권장되었다. 아울러 갈대의 재생은 전반적으로 불량하였고 1차수량이 연간 수량의 70% 이상을 점유하였으며,갈대는 연 1회 수확하여 사료화 이용이 바람직하였다.

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원 이용으로 수입사료를 줄이고 사료비를 절감하고자 2010년도에 전남 해남(간척지), 강원 평창(강변), 원주(섬강변), 전남 영광(와탄강변) 등 4개 지역에서 갈대와 억새 등 야초 자생지를 탐색하고,수확 이용실태 조사와 함께 사료가치를 분석하였다. 전남 해남 해남목장 내 갈대(Phragmitescommunis) 위주의 야초 자생지는 300 ha로 예년에는 2회 곤포작업하여 연간 사일리지로2,300~2,500톤(ha당 8톤)을 생산하였으나 2010년도는 1회 곤포조제로 사일리지 2,000톤(ha당7톤)을 생산하였다. 유통가격은 롤 당 53천원으로 kg당 110원이었다. 곤포는 전량 자가소비하며, 외부 작업단에 롤 당 26천원의 작업비를지불하였다. 연간 조수입은 2억 2,260만원이며,소득은 1억원 수준(345천원/ha)이었다. 초장150 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.4%, 상대사료가치71.9 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 60.1%로 사료가치는 볏짚에 비해 약간 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 갈대 사일리지의 사료가치와 유기산 함량은 동일 지역에서 동일한 재료로 사일리지를조제하더라도 수확시기에 따라 차이가 컸으며(CP 4.7~6.4%, RFV 62.2~78.9, 건물 소화율41.9~53.9%), 갈대 사일리지의 품질은 수단그라스에 비해 불량하였다. 강원 평창 강변 자생갈대의 사료가치는 초장이 79, 117, 121, 142cm로 생육이 진행됨에 따라 낮아져, 조단백질은 각각 13.9%에서 7.6%로, 상대사료가치는90.7 (건초 3등급)에서 76.1 (건초 4등급)로, 건물 소화율은 72.9%에서 54.7%로 감소하였다.원주 섬강 주변 야초류는 곤포수확 작업에 어려움이 있었으며, 초장 130 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.5%, 상대사료가치 82.3 (건초 4등급), 건물 소화율 70.2%로 사료가치는 높았으며, 220cm의 성숙한 갈대는 조단백질 10.2%, 상대사료가치 65.1 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 48.9%로볏짚 대비 조금 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 전남영광지역에서는 와탄천 주변에 자생하는 갈대를 수거 이용하고자 시도하였으나 경제성이 없어 중단하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때,갈대, 억새 등 야초류는 현 상태에서 최대한수거 이용하되, 사료가치를 유지하고 가축 기호성이 양호한 시기에 수확하는 것이 중요하며, 최소한 볏짚과 비슷하거나 그 이상의 사료가치를 기대하기 위해서는 7월 중순 이전(늦어도 7월까지)에 수확 이용하는 것이 권장된다.

This study was surveyed by 192 male and 238 female eating-out behaviours about western food in Seoul. The results were summarized as follows : The recognition degree about the western food was 14.2% in 「Know well」, 54.8% in 「Know somewhat」, 25.3% in 「Not know」 and was observed significance by sex, food expenses and dine-out expenses. The recognition degree about western food was observed more highly than expected and would be further more highly with westernized dietary culture. The information of concern and knowledge about western food was taken by mass-communication, book, school education, etc. and the answer marked significance by sex, age, school career. The majority of subjects had chosen Korean restaurants in dining-out and the western restaurants were favorable to twenties(20∼29) and thirties(30∼39). The frequency of western restaurants visits was 46% in 「1∼3times/month」, 39% in 「several times/year」 and the answer of frequency had significance by age, food expenses, and dine-out expenses. The choice of western A la carte menu restaurants was chicken restaurant(28%), cutlet restaurant(24%), hamburger R. (13%), pizza R. (19%), Spaghetti R. (9%). Hamburger restaurants were favorable to twenties and the majority of pizza restaurant chosen were high level by monthly income. Content to be improved in western food was 68% in 「proper taste in Korean」. Western cook should be improved properly in Korean tasting.

To investigate the nutritional contents of lunchbox of students of elementary school located in Sokcho city Kangwon province, the survey was conducted from April 23 to April 26, 1991. Main dishes and side dishes in lunchbox were weighed and nutrients were analyzed from food composition table. Total daily energy and nutrients intake were reach to RDA`s, except for intake of calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B_2 and vitamin C. Children`s height was positively correlated with energy and protein intake. Fat intake was positively correlated with monthly income and intake of vitamin A was positively correlated with number of family. This survey suggests that it need nutritional education program and school feeding to improvement of nutritional status for children.

Background: The plant Aster koraiensis has long been used as an ingredient in folk medicine. It has been reported that Aster koraiensis extract (AKE) prevents the progression of diabetes-induced retinopathy and nephropathy. However, although these beneficial effects of AKE on diabetes complications have been identified, the antidiabetic effects of AKE have not yet been completely investigated and quantified. In the present study, the glucose-lowering and antioxidant effects of aqueous and ethanolic AKEs were evaluated. Methods and Results: The glucose-lowering effects of aqueous and ethanolic (30%−, 50%−, and 80%-ethanol) AKEs were investigated via α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. The mode of inhibition by AKEs on α-glucosidase was identified through kinetic analysis. The total antioxidant capacity of each of the 4 AKEs was evaluated by assessing their conversion rate of Cu2+ to Cu+. The content of chlorogenic acid and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, the bioactive compounds in AKE, in each extract were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The AKEs showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with mixed inhibition mode, and significant antioxidant capacity. Conclusions: These results of this study suggested that the AKEs tested had α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant effects. Among the extracts, the 80% ethanol extract showed the most significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) of 1.65 ± 0.36㎎/㎖ and a half maximal effective concentration (EC50 value) for its antioxidant activity of 0.42 ± 0.10㎎/㎖. It can therefore be used as a source of therapeutic agents to treat diabetes patients.

Background : Dry eyes are caused by highly increased osmolarity of tear film, inflammation, and apoptosis of the ocular surface. Polygonum cuspidatum is a herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Polygonum found in Asia and North America. However, the effects of P. cuspidatum aqueous extract (PCE) on hyperosmolarity-induced inflammation and apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cells have not been examined. Methods and Results : Hyperosmotic media induced human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) cytotoxicity though increased inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. PCE treatment significantly inhibited expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), and activation of NF-κB p65 in hyperosmolar stress-induced HCECs. In addition, Hyperosmolarity-induced increase in BAX expression and activation of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 were attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner by PCE. PCE treatment restored anti-oxidative proteins such as Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in hyperosmolar stress-induced HCECs. Conclusion : PCE protected against hyperosmolar stress-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidation by inhibiting expression of COX-2, BAX, MMP9; activation of NF-κB, caspase 3, and PARP; and increasing expression of MUC4 and anti-oxidative proteins. Overall, our data provide insight into the protective effects of PCE as a candidate for eye health.

This study was conducted to investigate the quality properties depending on the cultivation methods (general, organic, pesticide-free) of yuza and its various parts (peel, pulp, seed). The contents of hesperidin were the highest in yuza feel grown by pesticide-free method (13.23 mg/g). The contents of naringin presented a higher content in the peel, especially which of the general (4.62 mg/g) showed the highest value. Vitamin C analysis showed the highest content in the peel, significantly varied according to the cultivation method and various parts (p<0.05). Vitamin C value was significantly highest in organic peel, which was 770.02 mg/100 g, whereas among the peel, the pulp and the seed were it the lowest in the seed. The content of total polyphenols were the highest in general peel (0.85 mg/g). Flavonoid content of pesticide-free seed was significantly higher than those of the other yuja samples which was 0.89 mg/g (p<0.05). The DPPH radical scavenging activity was relatively more active in the peel among the above-mentioned three parts, especially the pesticide-free peel was most active, which was 73.94%. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of organic peel was significantly active among the samples, which was 84.47% (p<0.05). Based on these results, it can be said that yuja has variety of useful components in the pulp and the seed as well as the peel: and thus it’s hight recommended to develop more varied yuja products.

Reynoutria japonica and R. sachalinensis have been used as medicinal resources in Korea. However, it is difficult to identify and determine these medicinal herbs correctly because they are usually customized and purchased as the fragmented rhizomes types. To develop molecular markers for distinguishing two species, we analyzed and compared the chloroplast DNA sequences of seven loci (atpB, matK, ccD-psaI, atpF-H, trnL-trnF, psbK-I and rpl32-trnL). Among them, we found two effective SNPs in psbK-I region for R. japonica and atpF-H region for R. sachalinensis. Based on these SNP sites, we designed the new R. japonica- specific primer which is able to amplify 300 bp fragment in psbK-I region. A similar strategy was applied for the atpF-H region of R. sachalinensis. These molecular markers would be successfully applied to recognize R. japonica and R. sachalinensis.

This study investigated the physical, textural, and sensory properties of strawberry jam with different amounts (0%, 14%, and 21%) of added rice mash. The soluble solids, pH, and total acidity values of the samples were found to be in the range of 53.00~65.33°Brix, 4.11~4.20 and 0.66~0.80%, respectively. Soluble solids and total acidity decreased significantly as the amount of rice mash was increased. The L-value, a-value, and b-value increased on increasing the amount of rice mash (p<0.05). The glucose contents of the samples ranged from 3.86 g to 4.13 g. The fructose, sucrose, and maltose contents significantly decreased (p<0.05). The organic acid content was measured and it was found that, oxalic acid was not in the control sample (0% rice mash). As the rice mash content was increased, the succinic acid content also increased (p<0.05), but the citric acid content decreased significantly (p<0.05). In the sensory evaluation, strawberry jam with rice mash showed superior spreading property than that of the control sample. Strawberry jam with 0% rice mash had the highest color and taste score. For the overall acceptability, strawberry jams with 0% and, 14% of rice mash were preferable to that with 21%.

본 연구는 식혜의 편이성, 유통성, 저장성을 향상시키기 위하여 피막물질을 첨가하고 분무건조를 통하여 분말화를 하고자 하였다. 최적조건 설정을 위하여 반응표면분석법을 이용하였으며 독립변수는 피막물질 maltodextrin의 첨가량 (%), 분무건조기의 inlet 온도(℃) 그리고 분무건조기내 시 료의 공급속도(mL/min)로 설정하였으며 이에 따라 영향을 받는 반응변수는 분말의 흡습량(g), 용해도(%), 입자크기(μ m)로 설정하였다. 각 반응변수에 따른 회귀식은 흡습량은 p<0.001, 용해도는 p<0.05, 입자크기는 P<0.001 수준에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 그리고 각 독립변수와 종속변수의 영향을 나타내는 반응표면그래프를 이용하여 최적 분말화 조건을 예측한 결과 각 종속변수 최적점인 MD 22%, 분무건 조기의 inlet 온도 140℃ 그리고 분무건조기 내로 유입되는 시료의 공급속도는 51 mL/min로 예측되었다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the storage effects of the packaging method of blanched namul(Gosari, Torandae, Chwinamul and Siraegi). The samples were packaged with three packaging types (Vinyl packaging, sealing packaging and vacuum packaging) and were stored for 10 days at 10℃. The quality characteristics were evaluated via a microbiological test, hardness, pH and flavor patterns analysis. The pH values of the samples were not affected by packaging method. The total aerobic and coliform plate counts were high, in the order of vacuum packaging < sealing packaging < vinyl packaging. Vacuum packaging resulted in the highest hardness value. The flavor patterns of blanched namul by packaging type were analysed with electronic nose system equipped with 12 metal-oxide sensors, and the storage shelf life of namul was evaluated by measuring the change in volatile production. As a result, it was shown that namul in vacuum packaging had few volatile production changes with higher storage time.