The IoT-based sensor network is one of the methods that can be efficiently applied to maintain the facilities, such as bridges, at a low cost. In this study, based on LoRa LPWAN, one of the IoT communications, sensor board for cable tension monitoring, data acquisition board for constructing sensor network along with existing measurement sensors, are developed to create bridge structural health monitoring system. In addition, we designed and manufactured a smart sensor node for LoRa communication and established a sensor network for monitoring. Further, we constructed a test bed at the Yeonggwang Bridge to verify the performance of the system. The test bed verification results suggested that the LoRa LPWAN-based sensor network can be applied as one of the technologies for monitoring the bridge structure soundness; this is excellent in terms of data rate, accuracy, and economy.

Korea’s R&D investment has significantly increased in recent years and the quantitative outputs such as number of papers and patents have also increased with the investment. However, the quality of R&D outputs has not been fully addressed. In particular, quality of technical performance, such as the quality of patents, has attracted little attention. In this paper, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was used to construct models for efficiency analysis of R&D investment, focused on quality of technical performance. Indices were proposed to analyze the quantitative and qualitative efficiencies of R&D investment. In order to effectively analyze R&D efficiencies, the measurement units of the input and output variables were standardized. Based on cases of livestock quarantine R&D projects of Korea, the quantitative and qualitative efficiencies of national R&D projects were analyzed and factors that would influence R&D efficiencies were identified. This paper suggests that both quantitative and qualitative efficiencies should be considered when measuring R&D efficiency. Also, it is recommended to carefully consider the characteristics of R&D projects during project selection stage.

사용후핵연료 건식저장을 위한 지상저장 기술 및 동굴저장 기술의 현황을 살펴보고, 동굴저장 기술을 이용한 사용후핵연료 건식저장의 국내 적용 가능성을 분석하였다. 사용후핵연료 건식저장을 위한 동굴저장 기술의 타당성, 경제성 및 기술적 측 면을 검토하였다. 지상 건식저장시설을 건설하기 위해서는 외부로부터 격리되어 있는 상당한 면적의 평탄한 부지가 필요하 나, 산악지형이 주를 이루는 우리나라의 실정에서, 이러한 부지를 확보하는 것이 쉽지 않을 수도 있다. 만일 산지의 동굴 내 에 사용후핵연료 저장시설을 건설한다면, 이러한 부지 문제를 보다 쉽게 해결할 수 있다. 따라서 동굴저장 방식은 자연 및 사회적 환경을 고려할 때, 우리나라의 사용후핵연료 건식저장을 위한 유력한 대안이 될 수 있다. 사용후핵연료 동굴저장 방 식은 지상 건식저장 기술에 비해 여러 가지 장점을 가지고 있으며, 경제성 측면에서도 큰 차이가 없다. 또 동굴저장 방식을 국내의 사용후핵연료 건식저장에 적용하는 데 큰 기술적인 장벽은 없다.

This study was conducted to obtain a growth correlation of basal information from the development of disease resistantFlammulina velutipes cultivars through back-crossing between the strains of wild-type brown monokaryon 4019-20 and thederivative of commercial quality white monokaryons 3. The two strains were selected to back-cross for further enhancing their latentattributes and growth characteristics. The parents of 4019-20×M3 back-crossed to reproduce F1, M3-Sn. Using F1, M3-Sn procuredand isolated into 94 monokaryon strains. Further examination of growth characteristics carried out by back-crossing between M3and BC1F1 from M3-n dikaryon. Monokaryon exhibited an irregular growth pattern and demonstrated to be sluggish development inthe sawdust medium. However BC1F1(M3-n) dikaryon strains confirmed mostly regular growth pattern and demonstrated ordinarygrowth in the sawdust medium. The fruitbody of BC1F1 confirmed as light-brown colour to be the dominant gene. The colourdistributions of fruitbody, BC1F1, resulted as follows; 7% of dark brown, 25% of brown , 27% of light brown, 16% of ivory and 25%of white. The ratio of the other color to white showed 3 to 1 which suggested two major genes were related to fruitbody color.

목 적 : 좌심실의 기능(left ventricular function)을 정확하게 평가하는 것은 심장 질환을 가진 환자의 임상적 진단이나 치료 전략 및 예후 평가에 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 논문의 목적은 대동맥판막 협착증으로 진단된 환자의 좌심실 기능평가를 dual source computed tomography(DSCT)와 two dimensional-transthoracic echocardiography(2D-TTE)와 비교하여 심장 검사에서 MRI의 활용에 대한 근거자료를 마련하고 우수성을 입증하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법 : 2008년 08월부터 2010년 09월까지, AS로 진단된 환자 중, 2주 이내에 DSCT, 2D-TTE, CMR를 모두 시행한 93명(남성 48명, 여성 45명, 평균연령 57.7세)을 수술 전 비교 평가하였다. EDV, ESV, SV, EF은 M mode를 사용한 2DTTE, threshold-based technique를 사용한 DSCT, 심슨의 방법을 사용한 CMR을 통해 계산하였다. LV 기능의 파라미터에 대한 통계적 분석은 피어슨 상관분석, 다중회귀분석 그리고 CMR 데이터를 독립적으로 분석한 두 명의 방사선사 사이의 관찰자간 일치도를 평가하였으며, 유의수준은 p값 0.05미만을 유의한 것으로 보았다. 결 과 : 총 환자수는 93명(남성 48명, 여성 45명, 평균연령 57.71±13.7, 1.5T MRI 69명, 3.0T MRI 24명) 이었다. EDV, ESV, SV, EF을 위한 CMR과 DSCT는 매우 우수한 상관관계(r=0.93, 0.94, 0.83, and 0.85, 각각, p<0.01)를 나타내었으며, CMR과 2D-TTE는 우수한 상관관계(r=0.81, 0.92, 0.56, and 0.77, 각각, p<0.01)를 보여주었다. DSCT는 CMR에 비해 EDV(130.48ml), ESV(40.74ml), 그리고 SV(89.74ml)에서 낮은 측정치를 보였으나, EF(71.1%)은 높게 나타났다. CMR을 이용한 LV 기능 평가의 관찰자간 일치도 평가에서 매우 높은 상관관계(r=EDV; 0.96, ESV; 0.94, SV; 0.92, EF; 0.84, 각각, p<0.01)를 보였다. 다중회귀분석에서 DSCT의 회귀계수(Β=EDV; 0.91, ESV; 0.72, SV; 0.86, EF; 0.68)는 2D-TTE의 회귀계수(Β=EDV; 0.21, ESV; 0.53, SV; 0.13, EF; 0.32) 보다 높게 나타났으며, 결정계수(r2)는 각각 0.88, 0.91, 0.71, 0.78로 높게 나타났다. 결 론 : 심슨의 방법을 사용한 CMR 측정은 재현성과 우수성이 입증되었다. 따라서 대동맥판막 협착증을 가진 환자의 LV 기능을 평가하기 위해 CMR의 폭 넓은 활용과 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

A total of 25 strains of Flammulina velutipes were analyzed to identify the genomic regions responsible for producing white-fruiting body. NGS data was yielded by using Illumina Hiseq platform. Short reads were filtered by quality score and read length were mapped on the reference genome (KACC42780). Between the white- and brown fruitbody forming strains, we found 9376 SNPs, of which 8178 were non-polymorphic and 1198 were polymorphic. There is a high possibility that SNPs can be detected among the white strains as homozygous because white phenotype is recessive in F. velutipes. Thus, we constructed SNP matrix within 8 white strains. SNPs discovered between mono3 and mono19, the parental monokaryotic strains of 4120 strain (white), were excluded from the candidate. If the genotypes of SNPs detected between white and brown strains were identical with those in mono3 and mono19 strains, they were included in candidate as a priority. As a result, if more than 5 candidates SNPs were localized in single gene, we regarded as they are possibly related to the white color. In F. velutipes genome, chr08: 950kb-2650kb, chr09: 500kb-1400kb, chr09: 2800kb-4350kb, and chr11: 2450kb-3500kb regions were identified to be associated with white fruitbody forming.

The purpose of this study is to present many polices of transportation demand management and ways to institutionalize them in order to actively introduce the total number of vehicles system as a strategy to solve the traffc problems in the Jeju area and protect the environment on Jeju Island. Various measures and polices of transportation demand management as well as the total number of vehicle system are presented. These are considered as long-term policies which need to be applied to the Jeju area. Implementing these policies will need some time to attract the public’s policy compliance and they need to be institutionalized through a variety of ways. Below are the ways to achieve this goal: (1) Introduction of the total number of vehicles system, (2) introducing motor fuel tax on energy consumption, (3) differentiation of parking fees based on types of vehicles, (4) charging for mileage, (5) collecting congestion fees and levying garage option, and (6) managing license plates through auction.

본 연구는 경상북도 봉화군 비룡산 일대의 신갈나무림을 대상으로 하층수관층에 출현하는 식물 다양 성을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 종-면적 곡선의 분석결과 신갈나무림 내의 식물다양성의 분석에 적정 크기의 방형구를 설치한 것으로 판단되었다. 5개 조사구 전체의 소산식물은 47과 80속 91종 11변종 2 아종 3품종으로 총 107분류군이다. 본 조사에서 기록한 식물종 중 우리나라의 특산식물은 지리대사초, 고광나무, 병꽃나무로 총 3종이다. 한편 희귀식물로는 꼬리진달래 1종 뿐이다. 생육형은 광엽초본에 해 당하는 식물종이 가장 높게 나타났고, 관목, 교목 순이었다.

Characteristics of VOC(benzene) treatment were investigated using a fixed bed reactor system over copper base catalyst and photocatalyst/adsorbent blending material. The copper base catalysts were made by using copper nitrate reagent and various support materials such as γ-Al2O3, TiO2. The parametric tests were conducted at the reaction temperature range of 200～400℃, benzene concentration of 1,000～2,000 ppm, and space velocity range of 5,000～10,000 hr-1. The property analyses such as BET, SEM and the removal efficiency(conversion) of VOC were examined. The experimental results showed that the VOC removal efficiency of hybrid method was higher than that of single method. It was also found that the comprehensive feasibility study of hybrid method would need with considering various factors including additional expenses.

영지속 (Ganoderma) 수집 균주의 유연관계를 밝히고자 균사체 생장, 후막포자 형성여부, 온도별 균사 생장, 자실체의 형태를 조사하였다. 영지의 균사생장은 115개 균주 중 68개 균주가 GCM에서 가장 양호하였으며, 균사생장은 균주간에 많은 변이가 있었다. 수집균주는 균총의 형태에 따라 28개 group으로 구분되었는데 대부분 CM3와 CM8 group에 속하였다. 이들 균사체를 현미경으로 관찰한 결과 후막포자를 형성한 균주는 G. lucidum ASI 7022 등 16균주였으며, 국내에서 수집된 대부분의 G. lucidum 균주들은 후막포자를 형성하지 않았다. 한편 이들은 온도별 균사생장 시험에서도 35℃ 고온에서 상대적으로 균사생장이 저조하였는데 미국에서 도입된 G. lucidum과 다른 특성을 보이고 G. tsugae와 유사한 특성이었다. 영지 115개 균주 중 톱밥배지에서 자실체가 발생한 균주는 97개 균주였고 형태는 편각형이 89.7%, 녹각형이 10.3% 였으며, 이러한 형태는 CO2의 농도에 따라 변이가 있었다. 본 실험 결과 국내에서 수집된 G. lucidum 균주는 분류를 재검토하여야 할 것으로 사료되었다.

영지1호를 비롯한 115개의 영지버섯 수집균주에 대하여 표준균주 G. lucidum G001-1 (A1B1) 및 G. tsugae 1109-16 (A1B1) 단핵 균주와 di-mon 교배를 통하여 화합성을 검정한 결과 G. lucidum 단핵균주는 어떠한 균주와도 clamp가 형성되지 않았으나, G. tsugae 단핵균주는 대부분 G. lucidum이라고 분류된 75개 균주와 clamp가 형성되어 이들 균주에 대한 재검토가 필요하였다. 또한 영지버섯의 di-mon 교배에서 불화합성 균주간에는 뚜렷한 대선을 형성하여 교배확인에 드는 노력을 감소할 수 있었다.

약용버섯인 영지버섯의 단핵균주 육성 및 원형질체 융합을 위한 육종소재를 개발하기 위하여 원형질체를 분리하여 neohaplont를 육성하였으며, 원형질체에 자외선을 조사하여 영양요구성 균주를 유발하였다. 영지의 2핵 균주로 부터 원형질체를 분리, 재생하여 선발된 neohaplont의 선발율은 ASI 7091이 11.9%, ASI 7094는 전혀 선발을 하지 못하였으며 균주간 평균 선발율은 5.24%였다. 영지 단핵균주의 균사체로부터 분리한 원형질체에 자외선을 조사하였을 때 300초에서는 ASI 7074는 1.9%, ASI 7091은 0.17%의 생존율을 나타내었고 ASI 7100의 경우 모두 사멸하였다. 자외선을 10초에서 300초까지 자외선을 조사하여 총 1,536 colony를 얻어 영양요구주를 선발한 결과 ASI 7091 균주는 원형질체에 100초 처리한 colony에서 Nicotinic acid, PABA 요구주와 Riboflavin 요구주를 선발하였으며, 7100 균주에서는 60초의 자외선 처리에서 특성이 확인되지 않은 2개 균주를 선발하였다.

The purpose of this study is to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood pressure (BP) of Cortex Acanthopanacis in rats, and to determine the effect of Cortex Acanthopanacis on phenylephrine (PE) induced contraction of isolated rat thoracic aorta. The measurement was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter (Transonic Instrument, USA) and pressure transducer (Grass, USA) in anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducer under 1.5 g loading tension. The result of this experiment was as following; 1. Cortex Acanthopanacis did not effect the changes of rCBF and blood pressure significantly. 2. Contractions evoked by phenylephrine were decreased significantly by Cortex Acanthopanacis 3. L-NNA, ODQ, atropine and indomethacin significantly altered the relaxation of Cortex Acanthopanacis. 4. Propranolol did not change the relaxation of Cortex Acanthopanacis. These results indicate that Cortex Acanthopanacis did not change the rCBF and BP, but Cortex Acanthopanacis can relax PE induced contraction of isolated rat thoracic aorta and that this increasing contraction related to endothelium and various mechanism.

Twisted string actuators (TSAs) are tendon-driven actuators that provide high transmission ratios. Twisting a string reduces the length of the string and generates a linear motion of the actuators. In particular, TSAs have characteristic properties (compliance) that are advantageous for operations that need to interact with the external environment. This compliance has the advantage of being robust to disturbance in force control, but it is disadvantageous for precise control because the modeling is inaccurate. In fact, many previous studies have covered the TSA model, but the model is still inadequate to be applied to actual robot control. In this paper, we introduce a modified variable radius model of TASs and experimentally demonstrate that the modified variable radius model is correct compared to the conventional variable radius string model. In addition, the elastic characteristics of the TSAs are discussed along with the experimental results.

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm of the guidance line extraction for autonomous agricultural robot based on vision camera in paddy field. It is the important process for guidance line extraction which finds the central point or area of rice row. We are trying to use the central region data of crop that the direction of rice leaves have convergence to central area of rice row in order to improve accuracy of the guidance line. The guidance line is extracted from the intersection points of extended virtual lines using the modified robust regression. The extended virtual lines are represented as the extended line from each segmented straight line created on the edges of the rice plants in the image using the Hough transform. We also have verified an accuracy of the proposed algorithm by experiments in the real wet paddy.

Pulmonary angiography has been regarded as the gold standard tool for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. However, due to its invasive nature and the development and growing availability of non-invasive diagnostic imaging tests, such as computed tomographic pulmonary angiography, the role of pulmonary angiography in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism has waned rapidly, so that pulmonary angiography has become a state-of-the-art procedure available in a decreasing number of centres. Pulmonary angiography is the definitive diagnostic test, but complications of this procedure, including puncture site prob-lems, cardiac arrhythmia, and cardiac or vessel injury have been reported. However, few cases of cardiac vein rupture during pulmonary angiography have been reported. Here we report on a case of cardiac vein rupture which occurred during pulmo-nary angiography in an 82-year-old woman who underwent pulmonary angiography.