국내 화장품 업계에서 실제 사용되고 있는 합성타르색소인 적색204호, 적색215호, 등색203호의 3가지 색소에 대하여 유전독성시험을 행하였다. Chinese hamster lung(CHL) 세포에서의 염 색체이상시험과 ddY마우스를 이용한 소핵시험 및 초파리 날개를 이용한 체세포돌연변이 재조합 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 염색체이상시험과 소핵시험에서는 적색204호, 적색215호, 등색203호에서는 유전독성을 나타내는 변이원으로서는 작용하지 않는 것으로 나타났고 초파리날개를 이용한 체세포돌연변이시험에서는 각각 100 ㎎/㎖에서 single small spot의 출현빈도가 p<0.05의 유의수준에서 대조군에 비해 증가양상을 보였고, twin spot의 빈도 수는 적색204호의 경우는 50 ㎎/㎖ 농도에서, 적색215호의 경우는 100 ㎎/㎖ 농도에서 p<0.05의 유의수준에서 증가양상을 보여 약한 돌연변이원성을 나타내었다.

This study was carried out to determine and confirm of Dapsone in vegetables and fruits which were illegally used for freshness. We have developed a simple, rapid and precise method that Dapsone can be analyzed in the cabbages, grapes and strawberry by HPLC with photodiode array detector. Experimental subjects were included 15 cases of cabbages, 10 cases of grapes and 10 cases of strawberries purchased in Kangwon, Chungchong province and the Seoul area. The results were obtained that Dapaone in the experimental subject was separated completely within 10 min. Detection limit of Dapsone was 0.5 ng. Aberage recoveries from cabbages, grapes and strawberries were 93.3±0.26%, 92.5±0..37%, 91.4±0..65% respectively. 4 cases of cabbages were detected Dapsone and the amount was below the 0.3 ppm. There was not detected Dapsone in any grape and strawberry samples.

Purpose - This paper aims to obtain a theoretical understanding for the relationship among the elderly's leisure activity, social support, life satisfaction and mental loneliness in their life. This paper has the purpose to draw policy implications by the course of research and study as well as to find alternatives in enhancing the elderly’s psychological well-being in a practical dimension. Research design, data, and methodology - Data has been collected from 380 elderly persons participating in leisure activities in 10 senior welfare service centers located in the Seoul area. A structured questionnaire sheet was used, and as the main analysis method for hypothesis verification, the hierarchical regression method was used. Results - Social support is moderating factor for the relationships among the productive leisure activity, life satisfaction and mental loneliness, but does not play the moderating role in the relationships such as consumptive leisure activity, life satisfaction and mental loneliness. Conclusions - It is necessary to make efforts to provide policies for promoting and expanding the elderly's participation especially in productive leisure activity. And also, an institutional support should be provided for maintaining and expanding a stable social relationship network for the elderly’s participation.

This research aims to look at and resolve the issue of Japanese military “comfort women,” an issue that sits at the core of the conflict over history in East Asia, from the perspective of politics of denial that inevitably intervenes in the phase of stagnant purging of the past. To this end, first of all, it is necessary to presuppose the recognition that the military “comfort women” issue is not a narrow Korea-Japan relations issue but one related to responsibility for colonial rule and to shared transitional justice in East Asia. Second, based on such presupposition, I introduce some of the debates and arguments within civil society in regard to the historiography of The Comfort Women of the Empire, as an example that shows the dilemma of historical self-reflection in East Asia. Third, I critically review the problems of the historiography of The Comfort Women of the Empire, positioned largely within historical revisionism in East Asia, from the standpoint of Stanley Cohen’s theory on denial. Fourth, I extrapolate theoretical and practical tasks implied by the foregoing discussion, from the perspective of possibility of historical dialogue in East Asia. As a conclusion, this paper seeks to reflect on the fact that the issue of denial, which emerged as a social fact during the process of debating on history in East Asia, raised the need for intellectuals of our time to sincerely self-reflect upon responsibilities of the academia. In other words, there is a need to fundamentally reflect upon the social sphere in which historiography and representations take place―in short, upon the transitive dimension of intellectual activity where historical knowledge competes and communicates.

This paper is an attempt to search for a meta-theoretical foundation to an integrated Korean studies. Without its own target and methodology, it will be difficult for Korean studies to be established as an independent academic discipline. In particular, the antagonism of the ‘Two Cultures,’ referring to the juxtaposition between humanities and the sciences, has been reproduced into a humanities-based ‘National studies’ (‘國學’) and a social science-based ‘Korean studies’ (‘韓國學’), and is acting as a factor preventing a more holistic perspective of Korean society. Such division originated from the modern academic disciplinary structure systemized at the end of the 19th century but was then deepened by the path dependency of the division system and the external dependency of the Korean academia. Under this context, this paper seeks to graft critical naturalism of Marx and Durkheim, who envisioned unified sciences at the end of the 19th century, before separation into modern academic disciplines took place, to the attempts to alleviate the ‘Two Cultures’ and thereby project an integrated Korean studies. Critical naturalism of the two thinkers – in particular, their relational social paradigm and theory of explanatory critique – proposes a third way that resolves the dichotomies between society and people, science and philosophy, nomothetic and idiographic methods, and facts and values, thus positioning itself as a paradigmatic basis for unified knowledge that overcomes the antagonism between hyper-naturalist positivism and anti-naturalist humanities. Moreover, the critical naturalism of the two provides the possibility of depth-explanatory human sciences that integrates the historicity and the scientificity of a divided society as well as abundant philosophy of science resources to promote a more complete Korean studies that encompasses both the South and the North.

Discourses around Korean familism emphasize traditional factors or remain in the realm of how Korean familism corresponds with mobilization strategy of a developmental state and functions in a transformative manner; therefore, the discourses are unable to break from the normative argument of public vs. private and egoistic vs. moral. This study explores the possibility of prospective interpretation by revisiting competing hypotheses on factors and characteristics of contemporary Korean familism. Major findings of this research are as follow. First, existing discussions can be generally categorized as follows: Cultural causation (Confucian familism theory), industrialization causation, historical structure approach and politico-sociological approach. By critically reconstituting achievements and limits of preceding studies, it is possible to better understand the familism of divided Korea as a political construct via historic experiences of the colonial modernity and war state as outcome of ‘the invention of tradition’ insisted by Eric Hobsbawm. This study conceptualizes institutional condition of familism into "family status system," a unique mechanism of the civil right of the divided state, which is a combined result of the National Security Act, implicative system, and patriarchal Family Law, all of three are twins of the 1948 Constitution of the Republic of Korea. Second, when complexity and multi-meanings of ‘family’ which is a space of reproduction where gender, generation, class and state come together, are applied to the level of historical experiences of cold war and post-cold war in the East Asia, ‘family’ in the war system plays the function of ambivalent medium in the sense that it becomes a compensating space of lost public space and that it is also a socialization space in which traumas related to colony, war, division are reproduced. In this context, this study proposes the potential of ‘political familism’ innate in family-centeredness of divided Koreans to be considered in intimate public sphere that is neither public nor private. In conclusion, this study shows that Korean familism needs to be understood comprehensively in conjunction with structural and institutional conditions around families, the legitimacy of the state, and the historical experiences as well as political consciousness of family members interacting with such environment. This research also calls for an interpretation which focuses on agency and political potentials of familism as historical product of colonial modernity.

Development of transgenic plant increasing crop yield or disease resistance is good way to solve the world food shortage. However, the persistence of marker genes in crops leads to serious public concerns about the safety of transgenic crops. In the present study, we developed marker-free transgenic rice inserted high molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) gene (Dx5) from the Korean wheat cultivar ‘Jokyeong’ using Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation method. The Dx5’s own promoter was used for protein expression. Two expression cassettes comprised of separate DNA fragments containing only the Dx5 and hygromycin resistance (HPTII) genes were introduced separately into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 strain for co-infection. Each EHA105 strain harboring Dx5 or HPTII was infected into rice calli at a 3: 1 ratio of EHA105 with Dx5 gene and EHA105 with HPTII gene expressing cassette. Then, among 270 hygromycin-resistant transformants, we obtained 27 transgenic lines inserted with both the Dx5 and HPTII genes into the rice genome. We reconfirmed integration of the Dx5 gene into the rice genome by Southern blot analysis. Wheat Dx5 transcripts in T1 rice seeds were examined with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Protein expression of the Dx5 was analyzed with Western blot using polyclonal antibody recognising x-type of glutenin subunits in T1 seeds. It was suggested that the protein-processing system was conserved between rice and wheat. Finally, the marker-free plants containing only the Dx5 gene were successfully screened at the T1 generation.

Bakanae disease of rice, caused by Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, the imperfect stage of Gibberella fujikuroi, is one of the most important rice diseases worldwide, but no rice variety has been found to be completely resistant to this fungus. Cultivation of resistant cultivars is the most beneficial way of reducing quantitative or qualitative losses to for bakanae disease in rice. To facilitate the study of this disease, accurate and large scale screening methods were developed for the inoculation and evaluation of Bakanae disease. Even and large scale infection was achieved by using F. moniliforme spore in tissue embedding cassette and seedling tray. The efficiency of F. moniliforme infection with the concentration of 1×106 spore/ml caused better distribution (F-value=33.96) than 1×102 (F-value=10.69), and 1×104 spore/ml (F-value=2.63). We established new criteria of healthy and non-healthy plant, and introduced calculation of proportion of healthy plants to meet fast evaluation of resistance level of each variety. The effect of F. moniliforme strains containing different genetic background was also evaluated with rice varieties to figure out the stability of resistance level. GA3 response of rice variety was significantly correlated with bakanae disease, but it did not adequate for direct indicator of bakanae disease resistance. These results indicated that a large scale infection method developed in this study is fast and reproducible, as well as a disease evaluation system provides an accurate measurement of bakanae disease resistance of rice.

This study was carried out to investigate the rheological properties of dough and the quality characteristics of breads with Saesalbori (non-waxy barley) and Saechalbori (waxy barley) flours added at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30% to wheat flour. The maximum viscosity increased in the Saesalbori flour mixtures and decreased in the Saechalbori flour mixtures. The dough stability of the 10% barley flour mixtures was equal to that of the control while that of the 30% barley flour mixtures decreased more. The extensibility of the dough decreased with the increasing level of barley flour in all the blends, but the resistance of the dough increased. As the ratio of barley flour increased, the loaf volume of the breads significantly decreased, but the bread weight increased. The 10% Saesalbori flour mixtures increased the hardness of the breads but did not cause any significant change in the other TPA parameters while the 10% Saechalbori flour mixtures did not cause any change in all the TPA parameters. The sensory evaluation results showed that the 10% barley flour mixtures had no significantly different overall acceptance from the control, and that the 20% substitution still resulted in acceptable sensory qualities. The results of the study also showed that the bread-making properties of Saesalbori were improved by germination, but those of Saechalbori declined.

The activated sludge obtained from wastewater coke oven plant was immobilized by entrapment with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The effects of several factors on the biodegradation of CN- from synthetic wastewater were investigated using batch and continuous reactors. The degradation rate of CN- increased with increasing of the immobilized bead volume in the reactor. Approximately 7.65 mg/L of NH4-N was produced upon the degradation of 35 mg/L of CN-. When high concentrations of the toxic cyanide complex were used in the testing of cyanide degradation, the free activated sludge could be inhibited more than that of the immobilized activated sludge. When the phenol concentration was higher than 400 mg/L in the synthetic wastewater, approximately 98.4% of CN- was removed within 42 hours by the immobilized activated sludge. However, the cyanide was not completely degraded by the free activated sludge. This indicates that high phenol concentrations can act as a toxic factor for the free activated sludge. A CN- concentration of less than 1 mg/L was achieved by the immobilized sludge at the loading rate of 0.025 kg CN-/m3-d. Moreover, it was found that the HRT should be kept for 48 hours in order to obtain stable treatment conditions.

본 실험은 동남참게, Eriocheir japonicus의 명확한 생식년주기를 밝히기 위하여, 그들의 자연 서식처인 섬진강에서 채집한 성체 참게의 생식소 조직의 계절적인 변화 그리고, 암 참게 생식소의 성숙과 산란에 미치는 환경요인 즉, 온도, 광주기 그리고, 염분 농도에 대하여 조사하였다. 암 참게의 생식소 발달과 GSI의 계절적 변화를 기초로하여 생식년주기를 다음과 같이 4단계로 구분하였다: 난황형성전기월), GSI는 낮았으며, 난소내에는 난황형성전난황형성전기와 감수분열전기의 난모세포들을 가지고 있었다; 성숙기(11월～다음해 3월), GSI는 점차적으로 증가하여 난모세포내에는 난황구들이 축적되었다; 산란기(4～6월), 암 참게의 GSI는 최고치를 나타내며, 포란한 암 참게들이 나타난다; 휴지기(7～8월), GSI가 급격하게 감소하며, 난황형성기의 난모세포들은 퇴화한다. 암컷 생식소의 성숙은 수온에 의한 영향을 받으나, 광주기에는 영향을 받지 않았다. 광주기 조건(12L12D, 9L15D)에 관계없이, 10℃ 실험군의 암 참게보다, 18℃ 실험군의 암 참게의 GSI가 더욱더 증가하였다. 그리고, 26℃ 실험군에서 두 개의 광주기 조건(12L12D, 9L15D)에서 암 참게의 GSI는 변화하지 않았으며, 난소내에는 난황이 축적되고 있는 난모세포들은 없었다. 산란은 수온과 염분 농도에 의하여 많은 영향을 받으며, 난황형성중인 암 참게는 두 달간 사육하여도, 10℃에서는 전혀 산란을 하지 않았으며, 18℃와 26℃에서 사육한 암 참게의 반 이상은 염분 농도 9.6‰와 19.2‰의 조건하에서 산란하였다. 그러나, 염분 농도 0.0‰의 조건에서는 산란한 암 참게가 한 마리도 없었다.