We present a case of lipogranuloma of the chin in a 17-year-old man. The lesion was revealed as lipogranuloma in radiological and histopathological findings and did not recur after being surgically removed. Lipogranuloma is a granulomatous inflammation with marked sclerosing response to the fatty tissue caused by foreign material injection. Despite lipogranuloma was reported as a complication arising from injection of oil-based substances into soft tissues for the purpose of cosmetic therapy, patient in this case had no history of foreign material injection. We expect that patient had a history of traumatic injury on his right chin that he doesn’t remember. Definitive treatment of lipogranuloma is surgical excision and usually involves secondary reconstruction. Regarding the physical and psychological complications of this practice, prevention is required the most but once occurred accurate history taking and biopsy is important to diagnosis

Toxic heavy metals like mercury and cadmium are known to involve in altering the salivary flow so that can be appeared sialorrhea or ptyalism, the condition of increased salivary flow, or xerostomia (“dry mouth”), the condition related to inhibited or decreased salivary flow. Although many people were exposed to these heavy metal in work environment, dental clinics, the mechanism is rarely discussed in the clinical literature. The present study is to carried out analysis of AQP5 expression that play a key role in saliva fluid secretion and cell membrane water permeability on mercury- or cadmium-exposed mice submandibular gland. To investigate AQP 5 expression, immunohistochemical study and western blot assay were carried out on mercury- or cadmium-exposed mice. Additionally, RT-PCR, real- time PCR with specific primers were carried out. Cadmium or mercury exposure led ductal extension, ductal cell increase, and blood vessel increase in mouse submandibular gland. The mRNA and protein expression of AQP5 were increased in time dependent manners on cadmium or mercury exposed mouse. Also, AQP5 were translocated from basolateral membrane to apical membrane of acini cell. In conclusion, toxic heavy metal such as mercury and cadmium appear to alter the AQP5 expression and distribute to apical membrane of ductal cell and lead to alter salivary secretion.

A Warthin’s tumor of major salivary glands, in particular of parotid glands, is a common benign tumor that may occur synchronously or metachronously in the same or contralateral gland. Moreover, epithelial malignance associated with a Warthin’s tumor is extremely rare, and exists in three forms; epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. The reports, related with a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a Warthin’s tumor at the parotid gland were reported only additional 3 cases from 1999 to 2010; 30 cases reported up to 1999.[2,4,7] This case report was a extremely rare case where both a primary squamous cell carcinoma and a Warthin's tumor were coexisting in the same

Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is a rare benign neoplasm first described by Pullon et al. in 1975. Clinically and histologically, it is confused with ameloblastoma, carcinoma and local periodontoal disease. We report a case of SOT occuring in a 16-year-old female in the right mandibular angle location associated with an impacted molar

We demonstrate optical cross-sectional imaging system implemented with high-resolution interferometry and present oral diagnostic imaging results obtained without any physical sectioning. High-resolution interferometry could be performed with utilizing broadband optical source and employment of beam scanning device to high-resolution interferometer constitutes optical imaging system for non-invasive cross-sectional view at real-time. The optical imaging system is implemented with fiber-optic devices for compactness and optical probe head is realized by using single mode optical fiber and miniaturized actuator, which is properly designed for the application to dental imaging. The basic performance of the optical imaging system, for example, such as resolution, imaging depth, and sensitivity is suggested to prove high-resolution optical imaging performance. Feasibility of the developed optical imaging system performance in the application of dental diagnostic is proved with demonstrating non-invasively obtained cross-sectional images. The imaging quality suggested in the images could be applied to assessment of oral diseases and used for alternative imaging modality to X-ray diagnostic method overcoming disadvantage of low-image resolution. The imaging performance enabling real-time image reconstruction also could be exploited as early oral diagnostic apparatus prior to microscopic observation under H&E staining.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary whole-crop barley silage on the daily feed intake, daily weight gain, velvet antler yield and economic efficacy in elk during growth. A total of 21 elk (average BW 303 kg, 5 years old) were allotted randomly to three treatments. The three treatments were T1 (hay diet), T2 (whole-crop barley silage), and T3 (50% hay + 50% whole-crop barley silage). The average daily weight gain of T3 was higher than the others throughout the entire experimental period. The average daily feed intake of elk in decreasing order was as follows; T1>T3>T2. The velvet antler yield was higher in T3 group (8,585 g) compared with T1 (8,037 g) and T2 (7,713 g). However, there were no significant differences in the average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, or velvet antler yield (p>0.05). In economic efficacy, T3 was gained about 29~43% more value than T1 or T2. In conclusion, the mixed feeding of 50% hay and 50% whole-crop barley silage was more effective than feeding hay of barley alone, in terms of average daily weight gain, velvet antler yield, and economic efficacy in elk.

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma has been defined as a lesion similar to ameloblastic fibroma by WHO, as it shows inductive changes which forms enamel and dentin. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a very rare mixed dentition tumor in children, and the symptom shows indolent edema in maxillary and mandibular molar area. The prevalence is two times higher in male than in female, and two times higher in maxilla than in mandible. Radiologically, it shows clear border and characteristics of both fibroma and odontoma histologically. This review reports a case that a 4-year old female visited in dental clinic of this school for edema as chief complaint in Feb, 2012. Emergency surgical curettage was performed right after initial diagnosis as odontoma, then confirmed diagnosis as Ameloblastic fibro- odontoma after biopsy. Currently, after 6 month, no sign of recurrence can be seen. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is very rare mixed dentition tumor. Moreover, as it is the case of female maxilla, this case is worth of publishing. Furthermore, accurate diagnosis of Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is difficult. This review is published for accurate diagnosis through differential diagnosis of several important mixed dentition tumors.

본 연구는 흑염소 비육에 있어서 조사료원이 볏짚 단용인 경우 농후사료 급여수준이 흑염소의 사료섭취량, 체중변화, 도체특성 및 경제성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 비육 흑염소 40두를 공시하여 농후사료 급여수준을 체중의 1.5% (T1), 2.0% (T2, 농가관행), 2.5% (T3) 및 자유채식구(T4)로 나누어 급여 하였고 조사료는 볏짚을 자유채식 시켰으며그 결과는 다음과 같다. 볏짚인 조사료 섭취량은 농후사료 급여수준이 증가 할수록 감소하였으며, 흑염소의 일당증체량은 체중대비 농후사료 급여수준 1.5, 2.0, 2.5% 및 자유채식구가각각 22, 50, 69 및 94 g으로 농후사료 급여수준이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(p <0.05). 비육 흑염소의 도체율은 농후사료 급여수준을 체중비 1.5, 2.0, 2.5% 및 자유채식 시켰을 때 각각 41.77, 42.78, 46.12 및 49.78%로농후사료 급여 수준이 증가할수록 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 지방률도 농후사료 급여수준이 증가 할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 경제성 분석에서는 농후사료 급여수준이 증가할수록 소득은 증가하였으며, 자유채식구가 두당 34,270원으로 가장 소득이 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고려할 때 조사료 자원이 볏짚 단용일 경우 비육 흑염소의 농후사료 급여 수준은자유채식 시키는 것이 사료이용성, 발육, 도체율 및 경제성에서 가장 유리할 것으로 사료되며, 흑염소의 비육을 위한 조사료 자원으로서볏짚 단용은 농후사료비의 가중을 가져오므로앞으로는 흑염소 비육을 위한 새로운 조사료자원의 개발이 필요하다고 하겠다.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary whole-crop barley silage on average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, velvet antler yield and economic efficacy in sika deer during growth. A total of 24 sika deer (initially 56.3 kg BW) of 24 months age were allotted in arrangement in a completely randomized design. The three treatments were: T1(hay diet), T2(whole-crop barley silage), and T3(50% hay+50% whole-crop barley silage). Concentrate feed were 1.5% feeding of body weight with all groups. Average daily weight gain of T3 was higher than those of others for the entire experimental period. Average daily feed intake of sika deer in decreasing order was as follows; T1>T3>T2. The velvet antler yield was highest in T3 group (315±112 g) compared with T1 (276±59 g) and T2 (283±108 g). However, there was no significant difference in average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, velvet antler yield(p>0.05). In economic efficacy, T3 was about 15-29% higher than that of T1 and T2. In conclusion, the mixed feeding of 50% hay and 50% whole-crop barley silage was more effective in average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, velvet antler yield and economic efficacy in sika deer

Peri-implantitis (PI) is bacteria-induced inflammatory condition which affects the alveolar bone and soft tissue around implants and may result in the loss of supporting bone. Attenuation of the P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response can be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of PI. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of 635-nm light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation over MG63 osteoblast-like cell. Scratch was made on MG63 cells with or without LPS, then 635-nm irradiated. The expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins was evaluated with western blot. The production of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was measured with enzyme-linked immunoassay, and the cytokine profile was evaluated with the human inflammation antibody array. Wound closure effect presented in the cells treated with LPS was observed more significantly in the cells with 635-nm irradiation than the cells without irradiation. The 635-nm irradiaiton reduced LPS-induced expression of the COX-2 and production of the PGE2. Also, 635-nm irradiation affect the expression of RANKL, OPG, and proinflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that 635-nm irradiation could reduce the alveolar bone resorption induced by LPS stimulation through the inhibition of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production, the suppression of proinflammatory cytokine, and the modulation of RANKL/OPG balance in MG63 cells.

Topoisomerases are essential enzymes involved in all processes of DNA metabolism, and their inhibitors have been identified as potential anti-cancer agents. The present study examined the effect of linoelaidic acid (C18 polyunsaturated fatty) compounds derived from Gardenia jasminoids Ellis extract on the activity of eukaryotic topoisomerases inhibition. The present study identified linoelaidic acid compounds using open column fraction, HPLC, NMR and LC/MS which have effects on cell death in oral cancer cell line, FaDu, but not in immortalized normal cell line, HaCaT. Subsequent studies revealed linoelaidic acid-induced autophagy through LC3 activation. Finally, its inhibition of topoisomerase I and selectively induction of oral cancer cell death possibly implies that linoelaidic acid can be a role as potenial agents in the prevention and therapy of oral cancer.

본 연구는 농산부산물을 이용한 발효사료의 급여효과를 알아보기 위해 비육 흑염소의 생산성 및 영양소 이용률을 조사하였다. 증체조사를 위한 사양시험은 거세흑염소 24두를 이용하여 처리구당 6두씩 30일 수행하였고, 소화율시험은 거세흑염소 12두를 공시하여 처리구당3두씩 라틴방각법으로 실시하여, 처리구는 대조구(배합사료 및 볏짚 급여구)와 3개의 시험구(발효사료와 볏짚 급여구)로 각각 배치하였다. 일당증체량은 대조구가 가장 높았고, T3구가 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 1일 두당 건물섭취량 과 유기물섭취량은 시판사료를 급여한 대조구가 각각 718.8과 680.9 g, 농산부산물 첨가구가각각 634.2~699.2와 602.8~660.4 g으로 나타나농산부산물 중 미강 첨가구가 높을수록 섭취량이 낮아지는 경향으로 나타났다. 건물과 유기물 소화율은 대조구가 농산부산물 첨가구보다유의하게 높았고(p<0.05). 시험구간에는 미강을30% 첨가한 T3구가 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 질소축적률은 대조구와 T1구가 유의하게 높았다.따라서, 본 연구의 결과 농산부산물을 이용한발효사료(T1과 T2구)는 시판사료를 급여한 대조구와 비교 시 증체는 86~90%, 건물소화율은91.7~93.1%의 수준을 보였으며, 질소이용성은대등한 수준을 보였다. 그러나 미강의 첨가 비율이 높아질수록 사료효율 저하가 우려되므로조지방 함량을 5.0% 이하로 배합하는 것이 필요하다 판단된다.

Recurrence-metastasis status of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue is a challenging oncologic problem. This study examined the expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin cell adhesion complex in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue through an immunohistochemical study. Twenty samples from 15 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, who were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, consisted of primary or recurrent tumors along with matched metastatic lymph nodes were retrieved for immunohistochemical staining and grouped based on recurrence-metastasis status.Differences in stain localization were noted in E-cadherin, β–catenin and phospho β–catenin staining between different tumor groups based on the recurrence-metastasis status. The number of phospho β-catenin stain positive cells was found to have a significant role in survival. E-cadherin confirms its role as a powerful individual differentiation indicator and the role of β-catenin specially the phospho type elicts interest

We investigated the effect of glutathione supplementation on feed intake, body weight loss, behavior change and economic analysis of elk bull in breeding season. Sixteen elk bulls (5-year-old, average weight; 330 kg) after antler cutting were divided into 2 groups. Eight bulls in each group (control and glutathione group) were fed experimental diet at a level of 0.85 percent of body weight and 6 mg glutathione per kg body weight. As a result, weight-loss of control animal during experimental study (from September to November) was 42.6±19.2 kg while that of glutathione-supplemented group was 20.6 ±19.9 kg. Compared to control group, glutathione-fed group had prevented the body weight loss by 5.2% (p<0.05). Although the feed intake of elk voluntarily decreases during breeding season, daily DM intake per head was 5.59 and 5.80kg in control and glutathione-fed group, respectively. While the statistical difference in feed intake between two groups was not observed, feed intake tended to increase in glutathione-fed group. In economic analysis, additional cost of 99,000 KRW per head was spent due to the cost of glutathione because of its import. Changes in behavior such as crying, deer whistles, whistling intensity and frequency of accident were lower in glutathione-fed group compared to control. During breeding season, use of glutathione as feed supplement could suppress body weight loss and accidents in deer farm.

We investigated the effect of glutathione supplementation on body weight gain, feed intake, velvet antler yield and economic analysis in elk bulls. A total 14, 2-year old male elks were divided into 2 groups with control or glutathione treatment. Elks were fed concentrate feed at the level of 1.5% relative to body weight (3.1 kg). and allowed to consumed hay as roughage ad libitum. Glutathione was supplemented at the level of 6 mg/kg. Average daily gains (ADG) for 2-years old elks were 234.1± 7 and 247.6±22 kg in control and glutathione fed groups, respectively. Treated group had higher ADG than control (p<0.05). Individual daily DM intakes were 5.34±0.70 and 5.64±0.71 kg in control and glutathione supplemented groups, respectively. Glutathione-fed group showed an additional intake of 298 g on an average. Production of velvet antlers for elk yearlings was 4,229±720 g and 4,653±960 g in control and glutathione supplemented groups respectively. Analysis of economics efficiency revealed 8% higher revenue index in glutathione supplemented groups. In conclusion, glutathione supplementation showed increase of DM intake and ADG in elk bulls, and could also increase velvet antler production.

Diabetic patients tend to exhibit delayed bone formation and osteoblast differentiation, which results in osteopenia. Recently, numerous clinical reports suggest that 635-nm light irradiation improves bone regeneration and wound healing, and reduces pain in patients suffering from diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that 635-nm irradiation can influence bone formation by MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts cultured on high concentrations of glucose(25mmol/L D-glucose) in the presence or absence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA), and to establish an in vitro pathological model of bone formation. The effect of 635-nm irradiation on bone formation was investigated using Alizarin Red S staining, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activ ity and calcium deposition assays. In addition, gene expression of the o steogenic markers BMP-2, osterix and osteocalcin were assayed by RT-PCR. Calcium deposition by MC3T3-E1 cells was reduced in the presence of high concentrations of glucose or by PMA supplementation. However, 635-nm irradiation led to an increase in calcium deposition by MC3T3 cells, followed by increased bone mineralization. mRNA expression of BMP-2 and osterix at an early stage and of osteocalcin at a late stage was significantly upregulated by 635-nm irradiation in MC3T3-E1 cells supplemented with high concentrations of glucose. Irradiation at 635 nm increases bone mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in vitro on high concentrations of glucose and alters osteogenic gene expression, which accelerates bone formation in hyperglycemic conditions.

We investigated the effect of glutathione supplementation on feed intake, body weight gain, velvet antler yields and economics of elk yearling. Fourteen elk yearlings were divided into 2 groups. Seven yearlings in each group (control and treatment) were fed with 1.5-2.5 percent body weight (%BW) of concentrate feed for elk, voluntary intake of hay as roughage and 6 mg/kg body weight (KBW) of glutathione. The results were as follows. Average daily gain (ADG) for control elk yearlings for first 1.5 month was 0.46 kg, while that of glutathione supplemented was 0.55 kg. Although glutathione fed group had higher ADG compared to control group (p<0.05), ADG after 1.5 month showed no difference. In spring, daily DM intake per elk yearlings was 3.98 and 4.24 kg for control and glutathione supplemented groups, respectively. The statistical differences in feed intake between two groups were not observed. However, feed intake tends to increase in glutathione fed group. Production of velvet antlers for elk yearlings were 911±256 and 1066±357 g for control and glutathione supplemented groups, respectively. Statistical difference between two groups was not observed due to the high variation. In economic analysis, additional 109,110 KRW per head for the cost of glutathione resulted in 2 percent higher revenue index due to the increased antler production. In conclusion, feeding glutathione to elk deers effectively increased DM intake and ADG of elk yearlings. Glutathione supplementation in feed might increase velvet antler production as well as ADG.

Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were reported to play an important role in inflammatory reactions to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P.gingivalis in the periodontal connective tissue. Although the biostimulatory effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, such as anti-inflammatory activity, have been reported, the pathological mechanism is not completely understood. This study examined the changes in the inflammatory cytokine profiles, which are produced after exposure to hyperbaric oxygen in P.gingivalis LPS-treated human gingival fibroblasts, and subsequently to examine the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway involved in cytokine production. Gingival fibroblasts with or without P.gingivalis LPS were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen, and the cytokine profiles in the supernatant were observed using a human inflammation antibody array. The expression of cyclooxyginase-2 (COX-2) protein, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), p38, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK by western blot analysis, and the amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the supernatant by an enzyme-linked immunoassay were determined. COX-2 protein expression and PGE2productionwereincreasedsignificantlyintheP. gingivalis LPS-treated group, and were decreased by treating P. gingivalis LPS with hyperbaric oxygen. Treatment of P. gingivalis LPS in the gingival fibroblasts led an increase in the amount of pro-inflammatory-related cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 released, whereas hyperbaric oxygen inhibits the irrelease. Ananalysis of the MAPK signal transduction showed that hyperbaric oxygen induced a significant decrease in the level of P38 phosphorylation regardless of the presence or absence of LPS. In addition, hyperbaric oxygen promoted JNK phosphorylation, significantly in the presence of LPS. Hyperbaric oxygen can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediate the MAPK signal pathway, and appears to be useful as an anti-inflammatory tool.

본 연구는 조사료원으로 청보리 사일리지 급여시 농후사료 급여수준이 육성기 흑염소의 가소화 영양소 섭취량, 영양소 이용율 및 질소 축적율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험구는 4처리구 (볏짚+농후사료 체중의 2.0%, 청보리 사일리지 + 농후사료 체중의 2.0%, 체중의 1.5%, 체중의 1.0%)로 나누어 처리구당 3두씩 라틴방각법으로 시험을 실시하였다. 시험기간 동안의 1일 두당 가소화 조단백질 섭취량은 대조구, 청보리 사일리지에 농후사료를 각각 체중의 2.0과 1.5% 급여구가 농후사료를 1.0% 급여구 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 가소화 NFC 섭취량은 청보리 사일리지와 농후사료를 체중의 2.0% 급여구가 가장 높았고, 농후사료를 1.0% 급여구가 가장 낮았다 (p<0.05). 일당 증체량은 청보리 사일리지+농후사료 2.0%, 청보리 사알리지+농후사료 1.5%, 볏짚+농후사료 2.0%, 청보리 사일리지+농후사료 1.0%, 순으로 유의하게 낮아졌다(p< 0.05). 건물소화율은 청보리 사알리지와 농후사료를 1.5% 급여구가 대조구 보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 질소축적량은 대조구와 청보리 사일리지에 농후사료를 각각 체중의 2.0과 1.5% 급여구가 농후 사료 1.0% 급여구보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과를 종합적으로 고려할 때 청보리 사일리지를 조사료원으로 급여시 육성기 흑염소의 생산성과 효율적인 영양소 이용을 위한 농후사료 급여수준은 1.5%가 적정한 것으로 사료된다.