Mulberry fruit is a superior source of polyphenols, especially anthocyanin, and has a long history of use as an edible fruit and traditional medicine. The anthocyanin composition of mulberry fruit from 15 Korean cultivars was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector with quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS) based on a cyanin internal standard. The four glycosides were identified by comparison with authentic standards and published reports. The major anthocyanin was cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (71.7%), followed by cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (26.6%). The minor components (total of 1.7%) were pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside. The total anthocyanin content (mg/100 g, dry weight) of mulberry fruit varied by cultivar and ranged from 471.5±4.0 (Su Hong) to 4,700.2±54.0 (Gwa Sang2). Among the 15 cultivars examined, Gwa Sang2 showed the highest level of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (3,133.4±32.6), which was 9-fold higher than that of Su Hong (351.5±3.4). In conclusion, anthocyanin profiles, including pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside, were reported for the first time from 15 Korean mulberry fruit cultivars. The results will contribute valuable information on pharmaceutical properties, breeding superior mulberry cultivars, and food industries.

Reported positive ion fragmentation of phenolic acid derivatives in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were summarized based on the literature. A total of eight phenolic acids (4 derivatives of ferulic acid, 3 derivatives of sinapic acid and p-coumaric acid) were isolated and identified from rice (raw and steamed) using UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS. Results revealed that 6-O-feruloylsurose was the major component with 3'-O-sinapoylsucorse being tentatively identified in Oryza sativa L. for the first time as a new hydroxycinnamoyl derivative in rice grains. In our study, raw brown rice had the highest phenolic acid contents with Samkwang showing higher phenolic acid content than Saeilmi and Sindongjin (12.41 vs. 7.89 and 3.10 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively). Of all varieties, brown rice had higher phenolic acid contents than white rice. These contents decreased considerably when rice was steamed whereas, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid contents were increased. Additionally, contents of rice (raw and steamed) can be used as a fundamental report for new rice varieties.

The purpose of this study was to select 30 representative Korean dishes by a systematic review of preferences and recognition of Korean foods. The papers for the review were located using the keywords ‘hansik’, ‘hanguk eumsik’ from DBpia, KISS, NDSL and RISS, and 18 relevant papers were finally short-listed. To analyze the preferences of Koreans and foreigners for Korean dishes, respondents were chosen from various regions such as Asia, Europe, South Pacific, Africa, and North/South America. A total of 4,053 respondents participated in the selected papers and Korean dishes were classified according to the content analysis based on books published by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). Among the main dishes, two kinds of cooked rice were selected, bibimbap and kimbap. Also, noodles, dumplings, and sliced rice cake soup varieties mul-naengmyeon, guksujangguk, mandu, and tteokguk were selected as main dishes. The side dishes selected included 6 kinds of soup, miyeokguk, yukgaejang, samgyetang, gomtang, seolleongtang, and galbi-tang. Other side dishes selected were six types of stews namely doenjang-jjigae, kimchi-jjigae, sundubu-jjigae, haemultang, maeuntang, and dakbokkeum- tang. Three kinds of grilled side dishes selected were bulgogi, galbi-gui, and samgyeopsal-gui. Galbi-jjim was selected in the category of braised or steamed foods. Tteokbokki and japchae were the stir-fried food selected. Pan-fried foods and fried foods selected included a kind of haemul-pajeon and dak-gangjeong respectively. Seasoned vegetables selected were samsaek-namul including gosari-namul, sigeumchi-namul and doraji-namul. Two kinds of baechukimchi and kkakdugi were selected as kimchies, and sikhye was selected in the category of beverages and teas. These results could be used as selection criteria in developing recipes for representative Korean menus.

In this study, we assessed antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-Alzheimer activities of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OFI) at harvest time. OFIs were cultivated December 2015~November 2016 in Jeju island. The 70% ethanol extracts of OFI were used to investigate total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant(DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay), anti-diabetic(yeast α-glucosidase and rat α-glucosidase inhibition assay), and anti-Alzheimer(Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition assay) activities. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of OFIs were 17.40~23.11 μg garlic acid/mg Ex and 2.17~6.22 ug (+)-catechine/mg Ex, respectively. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of OFIs were 131.98~184.90 mg ascorbic acid(AA) eq/100 g and 63.60~101.83 mg AA eq/100 g, respectively. In the anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer activities, 70% ethanol extracts of OFI exhibited moderate inhibition activity, compared to control (acarbose and beberine). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-Alzheimer activities were no significant differences by season, respectively. Therefore, information on comparative biological evaluations of OFI may be a beneficial in exploring functional food and drug development.

LC-DAD-ESI/MS를 이용하여 국내 자색벼 품종에 대해 개별 안토시아닌 조성 및 함량을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자색벼 품종에서 분리된 모든 개별 안토시아닌의 화학구조는 MS fragment 패턴을 확인하여 cyanidin을 base로 한 unknown 화합물 1종을 포함, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-glucoside의 총 4가지 개별성분이 분리 및 동정되었다. 2. Cyanidin 3-glucoside 및 peonidin 3-glucoside이 주요성분으로 cyanidin 3-glucoside의 경우 90% 이상의 가장 높은 함량 비중을 나타냈으며, 개별성분별 평균 함량은 cyanidin 3-glucoside > peonidin 3-glucoside > cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside > unknown(cyanidin based)의 순으로 나타났다. 3. 흑진주벼의 총 안토시아닌 함량은 408 mg/100 g으로 흑남벼보다 약 6배 정도 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

3The goal of this study was to develop high value mushroom foods possessing functionality. The effect of the Pholiota adiposa on the alcohol fermentation and its antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting(ACE) inhibitory activity of Korean traditional rice wine, Yakju was investigated. The ACE inhibitory activity of traditional rice wine was increased about 8% by the addition of 0.1% of the edible mushroom Pholiota adiposa ASI 24012 fruiting bodies into the mash containing 1% Lycii fructus, cooked rice, koji and antihypertensive S. cerevisiae and its Pholiota adiposa PAD-022 which showed anticholesteromia HMGCoA reductase inhibitory activity. Its quality characteristics and stability were investigated during the storage of room temperature and 40℃ for 3 months. It showed very high acceptability and also was very stable at 40℃ for 3 months[This study was supported by a grant from ARPC, 2005-2007].

3The goal of this study was to develop high value mushroom foods possessing functionality. The effect of the Pholiota adiposa on the alcohol fermentation and its antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting(ACE) inhibitory activity of Korean traditional rice wine, Yakju was investigated. The ACE inhibitory activity of traditional rice wine was increased about 8% by the addition of 0.1% of the edible mushroom Pholiota adiposa ASI 24012 fruiting bodies into the mash containing 1% Lycii fructus, cooked rice, koji and antihypertensive S. cerevisiae and its Pholiota adiposa PAD-022 which showed anticholesteromia HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity. Its quality characteristics and stability were investigated during the storage of room temperature and 40℃ for 3 months. It showed very high acceptability and also was very stable at 40℃ for 3 months[This study was supported by a grant from ARPC, 2005-2007].

This study was performed to obtain basal data for development of new functional food by using mushroom Pholiota spp.. Among several kinds of extracts, water extracts of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24027 showed the highest solid yield of 58.7%. Crude protein of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24015 and β-glucan contents of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24005 were 25.0% and 0.66%, respectively. K and Mg were also contained plentifully in the fruiting body of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24004 (3,649 mg and 138 mg/100g dried fruiting body, respectively) Amino acid and total fatty acid contents were similar between almost all of Pholiota spp.,

β-Hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMG-CoA reductase, E.C. 1.1.1.34) is known to be rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is very useful in the remedy or precaution of hyperlipidemia. The methanol extracts of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24018 showed the highest HMG-CoA reudctase inhibitory activity of 55.8%. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor of Pholiota adiposa ASI 24018 was maximally extracted when it was treated with methanol at 30℃ for 12hrs. After purified the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor by systematic solvent extraction, LH-20 gel column chromatography and RP-HPLC, finally obtained the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an activity of IC50 6.8ug. Molecular weight of the purified HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor was 765.4Da by LC-Mass, NMR, FT-IR, UV spectrometry.

본 연구에서는 비늘버섯을 이용하여 비교적 가격이 저렴하고 부작용이 없는 우수한 건강 기능성 제품을 개발하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 17종의 비늘버섯 자실체 분말을 각종 유기용매로 추출한 후 이들의 수율을 조사하였고 여러 가지 영양학적, 생리기능적 성분 함량을 조사하였다. 17종의 비늘버섯 자실체들의 물과 메탄올 추출물을 제조하여 이들의 추출 수율을 측정한 결과 Pholiota adiposa ASI 24027의 물 추출물이 58.7%로 가장 높았다. 비늘버섯 자실체의 조단백질 함량은 대체로 0.2%-25.0% 이었고 이중 Pholiota adiposa ASI 24015가 가장 많은 단백질을 함유하고 있었다. 무기물 중에는 K를 많이 함유하고 있었고 철과 인은 Pholiota sp. ASI 24024의 자실체에서 각각 100g 건조 자실체량 19.6 mg, 859.1 mg 을 함유하고 있었다. 항암성분으로 알려진 β-glucan은 Pholiota adiposa ASI 24005에서 약 0.66%로 비교적 많이 함유하고 있었으나 비타민과 아미노산 및 지방산 등은 비늘버섯시료간에 큰 차이가 없었다.