The growth of Italian ryegrass (IRG) after wintering was very low in 2015 when IRG was broadcasted under growing rice in fall of 2014. To determine growth inhibitory factors of IRG, we examined the growth conditions of IRG in Nonsan region and meteorological conditions in Daejeon nearby Nonsan. Minimum temperature and maximum instantaneous wind speed on Feb. 8th and 9th of 2015 after wintering of IRG were 8.8℃, 10.7 m/s and 12.4℃, 9.6m/s, respectively. Air temperature was suddenly dropped due to strong wind with snow showers, which had unfavorable effect on root growth of IRG exposed at the soil surface. The minimum temperature and maximum instantaneous wind speed on Feb. 12th, 13th, and 14th of 2015 were 4.1℃, 11.6 m/s, － 5.6℃, 10.3 m/s, and －4.7℃, 7.5 m/s, respectively. The growth circumstance of IRG was not good because soil was dried due to drought continued from January. The minimum temperature and maximum instantaneous wind speed on Feb. 26th, 27th, and 28th of 2015 were 1.8℃, 13.7 m/s, －3.5℃, 10.6 m/s, and 4.1℃, 6.8 m/s, respectively. The number of wilting of IRG was more than 59% until Mar. 3rd of 2015. IRG faced irreparable environment (low minimum temperatures and extreme instantaneous wind speeds) for 9 days from Mar. 4th to Mar. 12th of 2015. The main reason for the decrease of IRG productivity was collection delay of rice straw after rice harvest because there was continuous rain between Oct. and Nov. of 2014. For this reason, weakly grown IRG under rice straw was withered after wintering. IRG was withered by frost heaving, drought, and instantaneous wind speed in the spring. Furthermore, the root of IRG was damaged while growing in excess moisture in the surface of paddy soil during the winter season due to rain.

본 연구는 2014 / 2015년 동계 사료작물의 월동 후 생육 조사를 통하여 전국적인 작황을 파악함으로서 사료작물 생 육에 문제점이 있을시 근본 원인을 구명할 수 있는 기초자 료로 이용하거나 조사료의 연중 안정 생산, 공급에 도움을 주고자 수행하였다. 2015년도 전국 동계 사료작물의 월동 후 생육 상황은 전반적으로 저조하였는데, 월동률 분포에 따른 지역별 분포 상황을 살펴보면 월동률 80% 이상인 지 역이 66%, 월동률 79~50% 분포지역이 24.9%, 50%미만 지 역이 9.1%의 지역별 분포를 나타내어 전체적으로는 79%의 월동률을 나타냈다. 월동 후 월동률 및 피복률은 배수로가 설치된 논에서는 각각 83%와 80%로서 양호했으나 배수로 가 설치 안 된 습한 논에서는 각각 67%와 66%로 낮은 경 향을 나타냈다. 전국 동계작물 조사료 생산량은 강원, 충 북, 충남, 경남, 전남지역은 10~15%, 경기, 경북, 전북지역 은 약 30%의 수량감소가 예상되어 전국적으로 약 19%의 수량 감소가 예상되었다.

본 연구에서는 호밀을 이용하여 사일리지 제조시 Lactobacillus plantarum KCC-10 및 KCC-19를 접종하여 사일리지의 사 료가치, 품질 및 미생물상의 변화를 조사하였다. 호밀 사일 리지에서 젖산균 접종구와 무접종구에서 사료가치는 크게 변화되지 않았다. 그리고 유산 함량은 젖산균 접종구가 현 저하게 높은 경향을 보였으나 초산과 낙산은 젖산균 접종 구가 약간 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 젖산균 분포는 젖산균 접종구에서 현저하게 높았으며 효모와 곰팡이는 104CFU/g 에서 관찰되지 않았다. 호밀 사일리지 제조시 KCC-10 및 KCC-19 접종구의 조단백질 및 TDN 함량은 무접종구 보 다 약간 증가하였으나 섬유소 및 in vitro 건물소화율에서 는 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 요약해 보면 호 밀 사일리지 제조시 KCC-10 및 KCC-19 접종에 의해 사일 리지의 품질이 향상되었다.

본 연구에서는 알팔파를 이용하여 사일리지 제조시 L. plantarum KCC-10 및 KCC-19를 접종하여 사일리지의 사료가치, 품질 및 미생물상의 변화를 조사하였다. 알팔파 사일리지 제조시 조단백질, ADF, NDF, TDN 함량 그리고 in vitro 건물소화율은 무접종구와 비슷하였다. L. plantarum KCC-10 및 KCC-19 접종구는 무접종구에 비해 알팔파 사일리지의 pH는 감소 되었으나 (p>0.05), 젖산함량은 L. plantarum KCC-10 및 KCC-19 접종구에서 증가하였다(p<0.05). 그러나 초산 및 낙산 함량은 젖산균 접종구에서는 증가하였으나 통계적인 차이는 보이지 않았다 (p>0.05). 알팔파 사일리지 젖산균 단독 처리구의 젖산균 수는 무접종구에 비해 현저하게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 요약해 보면 알팔파 사일리지 제조시 L. plantarum KCC-10 및 KCC-19 접종에 의해 사일리지의 젖산함량과 젖산균수가 증가되었다.

본 연구는 충남 천안 국립축산과학원 식용벼 재배지에서 2012년부터 2013년까지 정상적으로 벼 재배가 이루어지고 수확이 완료된 볏짚을 이용하여 수행하였다. 젖산균 접종 유무에 따라 볏짚사일리지의 사료가치 변화는 나타나지 않았으나 클로렐라 처리구는 대조구에 비해 현저하게 조단백질 함량이 증가하였다(p<0.05). 그리고 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 조단백질 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 모든 처리구에서 섬유소와 TDN 함량 및 in vitro 소화율은 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 젖산균 접종 유무에 따라 볏짚사일리지의 pH 및 유기산 함량 변화는 나타나지 않았으며 클로렐라 처리구도 무처리구에 비해 pH 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 클로렐라 처리구에서 젖산함량은 무처리구에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 젖산함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 젖산균 단독접종구의 젖산균 수는 무처리구에 비해 현저하게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 그러나 효모와 곰팡이 수는 비슷한 수준을 나타냈다. 그러므로 볏짚사일리지의 사료가치와 품질은 클로렐라 첨가에 의해서 향상될 수 있다.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of addition of chlorella (CA) on the change of nutritive values, organic acids and microbes on mixture of whole crop barley and crimson clover (WCB-CC) silage. This study was conducted at the experimental field of National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, Korea and consisted of three groups, such as control without CA, with 0.25% CA and with 0.5% CA. The contents of crude protein, total digestible nutrient, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of WCB-CC silage were increased by CA treatment (p<0.05). However, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber of WCB-CC silage were low compared to control (p<0.05). The pH of WCB-CC silage in CA treatment showed no significant difference, but the content of lactic acid and the number of lactic acid bacteria in CA treatment significantly increased as compared to control (p<0.05). These results suggest that the addition of CA could improve the quality of WCB-CC silage

Raising replacement heifers is important aspect of dairy farm management that can be characterized as a long-term performance and high-cost production period. This study was investigated the effect of month of age at the first pregnancy on calving difficulty of Holstein heifers. Heifers was inseminated with semen of easy-calving sire and the reproductive performance was compared for the effect of first pregnancy at 12-14 months of age (12 month old), 15-16 months of age (15 month old), 17-19 months of age (17 month old) and > 20 months of age (20 month old) in Holstein heifers. Holstein heifers showed different easy calving score (ECS) depending on their ages; frequency of ECS 1 was 55.2%, 64.9%, 59.4% and 52.0% at 12, 15, 17 and 20 month of age, respectively. Frequency of ECS 4 was 5.2%, 1.8%, 6.3% and 4.8% at 12, 15, 17 and 20 month of age, respectively. The rates of retained placenta postparturition in first pregnancy age category was 12.3% at 12 months of age, 5.3% at 15 months of age, 9.4% at 17 months of age and 19.0% at 20 months of age. When It was evaluated by present results, the reproductive performance like easy calving score (ECS), retained placenta rates, and abortion and stillbirth rates of heifers which was inseminated at 14 months old or less and at 17 months old or more was reduced. Therefore, the first pregnancy age for optimum reproductive performance was 15-16 months.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary whole-crop barley silage on average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, velvet antler yield and economic efficacy in sika deer during growth. A total of 24 sika deer (initially 56.3 kg BW) of 24 months age were allotted in arrangement in a completely randomized design. The three treatments were: T1(hay diet), T2(whole-crop barley silage), and T3(50% hay+50% whole-crop barley silage). Concentrate feed were 1.5% feeding of body weight with all groups. Average daily weight gain of T3 was higher than those of others for the entire experimental period. Average daily feed intake of sika deer in decreasing order was as follows; T1>T3>T2. The velvet antler yield was highest in T3 group (315±112 g) compared with T1 (276±59 g) and T2 (283±108 g). However, there was no significant difference in average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, velvet antler yield(p>0.05). In economic efficacy, T3 was about 15-29% higher than that of T1 and T2. In conclusion, the mixed feeding of 50% hay and 50% whole-crop barley silage was more effective in average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, velvet antler yield and economic efficacy in sika deer

This study was carried out between 2008 and 2009 in four dairy farms to investigate the effect of feeding of whole crop barley silage on the reproductive performance of Holstein heifers. Two diets, mixed hay or whole crop barley silage separately from concentrate were fed 6-month old Holstein heifers (=37). In control group (=CON), heifers (n=16) were fed 6 kg (/head) mixed hay and 4 kg (/head) commercial diet. In whole crop barley silage group (=WBS), heifers (n=21) were fed 10 kg (/head) whole crop barley silage, 4 kg (/head) mixed hay and 2 kg (/head) commercial diet. To manage body weight gain, the body condition score of heifers were measured every month. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Body weight in CON and WBS heifers at 13-, 14-, 15- and 17-month old were 340±17.9 and 342±13.6 kg, 356±15.7 and 366±14.7 kg, 382±13.1 and 387±14.4 kg, and 429±15.0 and 417±10.3 kg, respectively. 2. Body condition score in CON and WBS heifers at 9-, 12-, 15- and 17-month old were 2.88±0.04 and 2.80±0.04, 2.88±0.04 and 2.80±0.04, 2.89±0.08 and 3.00±0.07, and 2.89±0.08 and 3.00±0.07, respectively. 3. Average age of sexual maturity in CON and WBS heifers were 437.3±9.9days and 939.6±12.5days, WBS group heifers were significantly shorter (p<0.05) than CON group heifers. 4. First-service conception rates in CON or WBS group were 81.3% (13/16) and 66.7% (14/21), respectively, and cumulative conception rate to 2nd artificial insemination were 87.5% for CON and 85.7% for WBS group. Conception rate was not different between treatments

s study was carried out between November 2008 and October 2009 in the experimental farm of Chunnam National University to investigate the effect of feeding of Sudangrass silage on the reproductive performance of Hanwoo cows. Two diets, rice straw or Sudangrass silage separately from concentrate were fed 19 Hanwoo cows. In control group (=CON), cows (n=9) were fed 5 kg (/head) rice straw and 3 kg (/head) commercial diet. In Sudangrass silage group (=SGS), cows (n=10) were fed 12.5 kg (/head) Sudangrass silage and 1 kg (/head) commercial diet. 1. Days to post-partum insemination were 78.8±25.3 days for CON and 84.7±24.6 days for SGS group and days to post-partum conception in CON or SGS were 90.1±24.1 and 87.7±26.8 days, respectively. 2. Post-partum conception rates for first service in CON or SGS was 66.7% and 90.0%, respectively, and caving interval was 375.1±46.7 days for CON and 370.2±34.4 days for SGS group. 3. Body Condition Scores of Hanwoo cows at artificial insemination was 5.36 for CON group and 4.93 for SGS group.

This study was carried out between November 2007 and October 2008 in the experimental farm of Chunnam National University to investigate the effect of feeding of whole crop barley silage on the reproductive performance of Hanwoo heifers and cows. Two diets, rice straw or whole crop barley silage separately from concentrate were fed 11 Hanwoo heifers and 26 Hanwoo cows. In control group (=CON), heifers (n=6) and cows (n=13) were fed 7 kg (/head) rice straw and 4 kg (/head) commercial diet. In whole crop barley silage group (=WBG), heifers (n=5) and cows (n=13) were fed 8 kg (/head) whole crop barley silage and 1 kg (/head) commercial diet. 1. Conception rates for first service in CON or WBG heifers were 66.7% (4/6) and 60.0% (3/5), respectively, and the services per conception cows were 1.5±0.2 for CON and 1.4±0.2 for WBG group. 2. Days to post-partum insemination were 106.6±26.3 days for CON and 85.6±12.6 days for WBG group, and days to post-partum conception in CON or WBG were 128.4±27.1 and 96.8±16.8 days, respectively. 3. Post-partum conception rates for first service in CON or WBG were 76.9% (10/13) and 84.6% (11/13), respectively, and caving interval was 418.1±50.7 days for CON and 392.8±20.7 days for WBG group.

Nowadays, importance of regional specific on-farm research is largely increased in order to reduce the feeding cost of cattle. For this project, three regional districts (Yeongam, Yeonggwang and Jangheung) were selected wherein the cultivation area of forage production were largely increased from 1,200 ('08) to 2,600 ㏊ ('09) in Yeongam, 1,001('08) to 1,925 ㏊ ('09) in Yeonggwang, and 1,300 ('08) to 2,820 ㏊ ('09) in Jangheung district. Among the forage species, Italian ryegrass (IRG) and forage barley were predominantly cultivated in these regions. On the other hand, rye, grassland and summer annual forages were cultivated very little in a manner of land area. The productivity of forage barley was slightly increased 21.5('06), 26.2('07), and 27.3 MT/㏊ ('08) as silage. The number of farm and cultivation area was also increased remarkably. The present research project will be conducted from 2009 to 2010. Forage production and utilization for reduction of feeding cost, and high quality of Hanwoo beef production will investigated, in a manner of cultivation of forage crops mainly IRG, forage barley, IRG+barley mixture and corn.

방사성폐기물 시료 중 Am 과 Cm 을 정량하기 위하여 음이온교환수지 및 DTPA-lactic acid 용리액을 사용하는 HDEHP 추출크로마토그래피로 이들 핵종을 분리하였다 분리된 핵종은 황산염 매질에서 전착한 다음 알파분광분석법으로 각 핵종의 방사능을 측정하였다. 모의 시료용액 중 Am 및 Cm 을 측정한 결과 각각 85.2 및 86.3 의 회수율을 나타내었다. 본 방법을 방사성 농축폐액 시료에 적용하여 Am 과 Cm 을 정량한 결과 각각 1.5-1.9 Bq/g 및 -1.7 Bq/g 의 방사능 값을 나타내었다.

‘조미’는 답리작 적응 내재해 다수성 청보리 품종육성을 목표로 1999년 내재해성으로 총체적성이 우수한 ‘수원337호’를 모본으로 하고, 도복에 강한 ‘수원355호’를 부본으로 교배하여 육성 선발된 ‘익산438호’로 전국 7개소에서 2008년부터 2010년까지 지역적응시험을 거쳐 2010년에 육성되었다. ‘조미’는 직립 초형으로 파성은 Ⅰ정도이고, 잎은 녹색이며, 잎귀가 없는 무엽이 품종으로 가축기호성이 높다. 초장은 90㎝이고, m2당 경수는 846개로 표준품종인 ‘영양’보다 194개 많은 다얼성이며, 엽신 비율이 높다.답리작에서 출수기는 4월 23일로 ‘영양’보다 3일 빠르고, 황숙기는 5월 25일로 1일 빠른 조숙종이다. 내한성은 ‘영양’보다 다소 강하였으며, 흰가루병에는 감수성을 보였지만 보리호위축병에 저항성을 나타냈다. 건물수량은 전작에서 15.7톤/ha ‘영양’과 같았으나 답리작에서 10.3톤/ha으로 ‘영양보다 5% 적었다. 조사료 품질은 조단백질 함량이 8.3%로 ‘영양’에 비해 높았으며, ADF는 26.2%, NDF는 48.3%로 ‘영양’보다 낮았으나 TDN이 68.2%로 ‘영양’보다 다소 높고, 사일리지 등급은 II 등급으로 양호하였다.