Large amounts of waste and wastewater from aquaculture have negatively impacted ecosystems. Among them, shrimp aquaculture wastewater contains large amounts of nitrogen contaminants derived from feed residues in an aerobic environment. This study isolated candidate strains from adult rockworms to treat shrimp aquaculture wastewater (SAW) in an aerobic environment. Among 87 strains isolated, 25 grew well at the same temperature as the shrimp aquaculture with excellent polymer degradation ability (>0.5 cm clear zone). Six isolates (strains AL1, AL4, AL5, AL6, LA10, and PR15) were finally selected after combining strains with excellent polymer degradation ability without antagonism. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that strains AL1, AL4, AL5, AL6, LA10, and PR15 were closely related to Bacillus paramycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Bacillus paranthracis, Bacillus paranthracis, and Micrococcus luteus, respectively. When these six isolates were applied to SAW, they reached a maximum cell viability of 2.06×105 CFU mL-1. Their chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and total nitrogen (TN) removal rates for 12 h were 51.0% and 44.6%, respectively, when the CODCr/TN ratio was approximately 10.0. Considering these removal rates achieved in this study under batch conditions, these six isolates could be used for aerobic denitrification. Consequently, these six isolates from rockworms are good candidates that can be applied to the field of aquaculture wastewater treatment.

다양한 동물 모델이 인간 질병, 의약품의 효능 및 작용 메커니즘을 연구하는 데 사용되고 있다. Zebrafish(Danio rerio)는 여러 가지 장점이 있어 인간 질병에 대한 중개 연구의 모델로 점점 더 폭넓게 활용되고 있다. 본 논문은 Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus에서 2020년 12월까지 최근 10년간 zebrafish 모델, 천연물(한약), in vivo 스크리닝의 키워드를 사용하여 저널에 게재된 논문을 검토하여 필 요한 정보를 얻었다. 이 리뷰에서 우리는 천연물(한약) 연구에 대한 다양한 제브라피쉬 질병 모델의 최 근 경향에 대해 논의하였다. 특히, 암, 안질환, 혈관 질환, 당뇨병 및 합병증, 피부질환에 중점을 두었고, zebrafish 배아를 사용하여 이들 질병에 대한 의약품의 분자 작용 메커니즘에 관해 언급하였다. Zebrafish는 실험실에서 임상 연구까지의 격차를 줄이는 데 중추적 역할을 할 수 있는 중요한 동물 모 델이다. Zebrafish는 의약품이나 화장품 개발, 질병의 병인론을 이해하기 위해 사용되고, 이로 인해 생의 학 연구에서 설치류의 사용을 줄이는 데 크게 기여하고 있다.

The anti-proliferative efficacy of t,t-conjugated linoleic acid (t,t-CLA), c9,t11-CLA, and t10,c12-CLA was compared in several human cancer cell lines. Gastric NCI-N87, liver Hep3B, pancreas Capan-2, and lung NCI-H522 cancer cells were incubated with 50 μM CLA isomers over a period of 6 days. The t,t-CLA inhibited the growth of all cancer cell lines to different extents, but c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA inhibited or stimulated the growth of the cancer cell lines. NCI-N87 cells were the most sensitive to growth inhibition and apoptosis from all CLA isomers tested. In NCI-N87 cells, CLA isomers reduced the release of arachidonic acid (AA) via the inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ) activity, consequently reducing the production of PGE2 through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The efficacies of CLA isomers were in the following order (from most to least effective): t,t-CLA, t10,c12-CLA and c9,t11-CLA. Overall, these results imply that the anti-proliferative efficacy of t,t-CLA on cancer cells, especially NCI-N87 cells, was greater than other CLA isomers due to its induction of apoptosis through the inhibition of cPLA2 and COX-2 activities.

Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy and ischemia. Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts against oxidants that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The EtOH extracts of Viola mandshurica (NNMBS274), Viola patrinii (NNMBS275) and Viola papilionacea Pursh (NNMBS276), origin plants of Violae Herba, showed the potent neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Among them, NNMBS275, the extract of V. patrinii possessed the protective effects against glutamate toxicity by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. These results suggest that extracts of V. patrinii could be the effective candidates for the treatment of ROS-related neurological diseases. Furthermore, it is suggested that the protective effects of V. patrinii extract due to inducing the expression of HO-1 as an antioxidant/cytoprotective target

산업체 급식소에서 생산직 근로자에게 제공되고 있는 음식의 적정 분량을 제시하기 위해 목포지역 생산직 근로자 240명을 대상으로 섭취량 측정과 설문지를 이용한 만족도 평가를 실시하였다. 조사대상 근로자의 연령은 30∼39세가 57.1%, 학력은 대부분 고졸이었으며, 건강상태는 52.1%가 건강하다고 하였다. 근로자의 좋아하는 식사의 형태는 한식이었고, 식품을 선택할 때 가장 중요하게 생각하는 것은 맛으로 나타났으며, 식사의 가치관은 조사대상 근로자의 37.1%가 공복을 채우는 것이라고 대답해서 생리적 욕구충족에 가치를 둔 비율이 가장 높았다. 산업체 급식소에서 제공된 음식의 섭취량과 섭취율은 밥류 238g(98.4%), 국류 212g(82.7%), 찌개류 230g(77.2%), 볶음류 40g(80.7%), 조림류 60g(83.5%), 무침류 42g(72.3%), 김치류 51g(75.9%), 일품요리류 406g(77.7%), 구이류 51g(72.6), 부침류 48g(48.7%)였다. 섭취량에 대한 만족도 평가 결과, 섭취량에 대해서 두 비교군 거의 모두가 `적은 양`이라고 대답하였다. 섭취량에 대한 만족도 평가를 기초로 음식의 적정량에 대해 밥류 240∼270g, 국류 270g, 찌개류 310g, 볶음류 60g, 조림류 75g, 무침류 76g, 김치류 67g, 일품요리류 470g, 구이류 80g, 부침류 50g으로 제시할 수 있다.

옥수수기름의 탈취온도가 trans 지방산 생성량 및 그 조성에 미치는 영향을 GLC를 이용하여 측정하였다. 상대적으로 저온탈취인 240∼250℃에서는 극미량의 trans 지방산만이 검출되었으나, 고온탈취인 255∼270℃ 구간에서는 0.30, 0.57, 0.64 및 0.81%를 나타내었다. 이성화 현상은 이중결합수가 증가할수록 두드러졌으며, tt 및 ttt형은 거의 검출되지 않는데 비하여 ct, tc, cct 및 tcc형이 다량 검출되었다. 따라서, 탈취유의 이화학적 특성과 함께 이성체형성의 극소화는 저온탈취에 의하여 최대의 효과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Invasive fungal infection can be a lethal complication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Crytococcus neoformans, as one of the most common pathogenic species worldwide, can cause infection disease in human. The central nervous system (CNS) is a common site for cryptococcal infection which usually presents cryptococcal meningitis. The cryptococcal meningitis is a recognized complication of SLE, with high mortality rates, particularly in those treated with immunosuppressive agents. However, it is difficult to differentiate infectious meningitis and neuropsychiatric lupus because of the clinical manifestations are unspecific and frequently are confused with lupus activity. So a early diagnosis and treatment is very important for its significant mortality and morbidity. We report the case of fatal meningoencephalitis by Cryptococcus neoforman in a 44 years old patient with SLE

Reynoutria japonica and R. sachalinensis have been used as medicinal resources in Korea. However, it is difficult to identify and determine these medicinal herbs correctly because they are usually customized and purchased as the fragmented rhizomes types. To develop molecular markers for distinguishing two species, we analyzed and compared the chloroplast DNA sequences of seven loci (atpB, matK, ccD-psaI, atpF-H, trnL-trnF, psbK-I and rpl32-trnL). Among them, we found two effective SNPs in psbK-I region for R. japonica and atpF-H region for R. sachalinensis. Based on these SNP sites, we designed the new R. japonica- specific primer which is able to amplify 300 bp fragment in psbK-I region. A similar strategy was applied for the atpF-H region of R. sachalinensis. These molecular markers would be successfully applied to recognize R. japonica and R. sachalinensis.

Rectal melanoma is extremely rare. Its histologic variability and difference in immunohistochemical (IHC) expression may hinder the correct diagnosis. Seventy-three years old Korean woman complained of bloody stool and found a 2cm sized rectal pedunculated polyp on colonoscopy. There was some disparity in IHC expressions as well as cytological morphology between biopsy and surgically resected specimen. When strong immunoreactivity of S-100 is encountered in anorectal lesion with unusual morphology, multiple IHC analysis and high suspicion of anorectal melanoma could lead to correct diagnosis.

Malignant mixed tumor is an aggressive malignant neoplasm composed of heterologous malignant epithelial and stromal components. It is a rare neoplasm, accounting for 0.05 % of all salivary gland tumors and 0.16 % of all malignant salivary gland tumors. The tumor may occur in the background of a preexisting pleomorphic adenoma or may arise de novo. We report on an 84-year-old female who was diagnosed with carcinosarcoma on her left parotid gland. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of two components - mainly myxoid chondrosarcoma (75%), poorly differentiated carcinoma and a few remnants of benign pleomorphic adenoma in the periphery of the tumor.

Gahwang is an excellent chipping cultivar with yellow flesh, short oval tuber shape and mid-early maturity. Its yields were a little higher than Atlantic through the regional trials with five locations. It has a lower incidence of internal brown spot comp