목적 : 본 연구는 경도 인지장애 선별을 위한 전산화 인지기능 평가의 체계적 고찰을 통해 임상 및 연구의 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2015년 11월 한 달 동안 Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library에서 “computerized” OR “computer-based” AND “cognitive assessment” OR “screening test” AND “mild cognitive impairment”의 키워드를 검색하여 최종적으로 12개의 연구에서 9개의 전산화 인지기능 평가를 추출하였다. 연구의 질적 수준, 평가 구성 비율, 대상자 선정기준, 평가 운영체제, 시행방법, 평가영역, 신뢰도, 민감도 및 특이도를 분석하였다. 결과 : 12편의 연구 질적 수준을 분석한 결과 수준Ⅱ의 연구는 11편으로 전체의 91.7%였고 수준Ⅲ 단계의 연구는 1편으로 전체의 8.3%를 차지하여 전반적인 근거수준은 대체로 높았다. 경도 인지장애 대상자 선 정을 위해서 간이정신건강상태검사(Mini-Mental State Examination; MMSE)을 포함해 다양한 평가를 사용하고 있었다. 9개의 전산화 인지기능 평가 중 알츠하이머형 치매 선별도 가능한 것은 3개였다. 대부분의 평가는 컴퓨터 기반으로 3~30분 이내의 시간에 시행되고 있었으며, 키보드 또는 마우스를 이용한 자기시행법이 가장 많았고 터치를 이용한 방법이 다음으로 많았다. 각 평가별로 평가영역에 차이가 있었 으나 기억력 평가는 모든 평가에 포함되어 있었으며 평가의 신뢰도는 대체로 높았다. 평가의 민감도 및 특이도는 지필평가와 유사하거나 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 경도 인지장애 선별을 위한 전산화 인지기능 평가의 특징을 종합적으로 알아보았다. 연구결과는 추후 경도 인지장애 선별을 위한 전산화 인지기능 평가 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The paper carries out a systematic survey on the origins, evolution, formation module of 201 radicals of Chinese characters by means of database analysis method. On the basis of the above investigation, the research probes into the relation between 201 radicals and HSK 2905 from the aspects of Ziwei (overlapping percentage), character-formation frequency, positions and functions. With the help of the psychological theory, the methods of learning radicals are provided for reference.

The emergence and spread of the variant form of Chinese Character are related to people’s cognitive principles. The cognitive modes of Chinese Character formed by identity, assimilation, distinction and integration. On the surface, the variant form of Chinese Character appears haphazardly. It is clearly seen that there are the reason on the evolution of the variant form of the Chinese Character, which mainly lies in the active role of human perception. People’s cognitive principles determine not only the ways of the emergence but the degree of variation of the variant form of Chinese Character.

Increasing sugar intake of population has become a nutritional issue in Korea. Sweet taste perception may be related to behaviors such as eating sweet food including high sugars and total sugar intake. This study aimed to evaluate objective and subjective sweet taste perception and the association among objective sweet taste perception, dietary behaviors related to eating sweet snack food including high sugar, and total sugar intake from the snacks. Participants were 261 healthy female college students (mean age: 21.0±1.6 years), who were divided into three subgroups based on oral sweet taste evaluation using a sweet taste assessment tool provided by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety: sweet-seeker group (n=139), medium sweet-seeker group (n=54), and unsweet-seeker group (n=68). There was no significant difference in weight and body mass index (BMI) among the three groups; however, the sweet-seeker group had significantly higher sweet taste preference than that of the other groups. Though more people in the sweet-seeker group thought they tended to eat sweet foods than the medium sweet-seeker and unsweet-seeker groups, over half of the sweet-seekers did not think they tended to eat sweet foods. The sweet-seeker group was more likely to eat sweet snacks such as breads, chocolate products, sugar-sweetened milk, and so on than the unsweet-seeker group. Total sugar intake from the selected sweet snacks was 44.4 g for the sweet-seeker group, 34.4 g for the medium sweet-seeker group, and 28.0 g for the unsweet-seeker group with a significant difference. These results indicated the absence of relationship between objective sweet taste perception and the obesity index; however, significant associations were detected among objective sweet taste perception, eating sweet snacks and total sugar intake from the snacks. We also found high disagreement between objective and subjective sweet taste perception of the subjects. The present study provided the novel insight that measuring objective sweet taste perception may be useful for assessing the risk of high sugar consumption and undesirable dietary behaviors.

본 연구의 목적은 고등학교에서의 지구과학 I 이수 여부에 따른 대학교 신입생들의 ‘위기의 지구’에 대한 인지 프레임을 비교하여 이것이 교육과정을 반영하고 있는지 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 정규 교육과정을 거쳐 고등학교를 졸업한 67명에게 위기의 지구에 대해 그림으로 표현하고 그에 대해 설명하도록 했으며, 그림으로부터 각각의 의미 단 위를 추출하였다. 수집된 데이터는 언어네트워크 분석법을 통하여 단어 분석과 프레임 분석을 하고 이를 시각화 하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이수 집단과 비이수 집단에서 모두 ‘위기의 지구’에 대한 인지프레임을 구성할 때, 지구 환경을 구성하는 각 영역을 서로 연결시켰으며 상호 영향을 미치면서 변화하는 관계로 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 두 집단 모두 위기의 지구에 대한 인지프레임을 구성할 때 인간 활동과 관련지어 인식하고 있으며 특히 이수 집 단에서 인지프레임을 구성할 때 교육과정을 충분히 반영했다고 할 수 있다. 다만 대부분의 학생들이 ‘위기의 지구’에 대해 지구 외적인 현상보다는 지구 내부의 현상과 강하게 연결시키고 있으므로 지구 내부뿐만 아니라 전 우주적인 관점에서 인식할 수 있도록 하고, 위기의 지구 문제 해결에 대한 당위성을 이해할 수 있도록 학교 현장에서의 노력이 필 요하다.

This research study aimed to examine the seriousness related to sodium over intakes that is becoming a global issue, evaluate how the recognition of sodium-reduced products and its acceptance can influence the intention of purchasing sodium-reduced products, and generate basic data for establishment of marketing strategy of campaigns such as reducing sodium intake and commercialization of sodium-reduced products. According to the results of the research, the acceptance of sodium-reduced products significantly influenced the purchasing intention of sodium-reduced products, while the attitude towards sodium and recognition of sodium did not significantly influence the purchasing intention of sodium-reduced products. Extension of these research findings to ordinary people and the analysis of main causes that affect the recognition of sodium-reduced products and purchasing intention provide a solid basis for efficient sodium-reduction publicity and development of directions for campaigns.

The purpose of this study is to identify the antecedents of repurchase intention toward fast fashion brands. Perceived quality, perceived price, deindividuation, and overly trendy styles, which are product characteristic variables, and fashion innovativeness, which is a consumer characteristic variable, were considered as antecedents. It was hypothesized that product and consumer characteristics influence repurchase intention toward fast fashion brands not only directly, but also indirectly through cognitive dissonance. Data were gathered by surveying university students in Seoul using convenience sampling. Three hundred and fifty-two questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. SPSS was used for exploratory factor analysis, and AMOS was used for confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis. The factor analysis of product characteristics revealed four dimensions: “perceived quality”, “perceived price”, “deindividuation”, and “overly trendy styles”, and the factor analysis of consumer characteristics revealed one dimension. The factor analysis of cognitive dissonance revealed two dimensions, “regrets” and “perceived uncertainty.” The hypothesized path test proved that perceived quality, deindividuation, overly trendy styles, and fashion innovativeness influence repurchase intention directly. Perceived price and deindividuation influence repurchase intention indirectly through the factor of cognitive dissonance, which is the perceived uncertainty, indicating the importance of cognitive dissonance. The results indicate effective marketing strategies should be used to decrease consumers’ cognitive dissonance, and suggestions for future study are provided.

본 연구는 16세기 대표적 어휘 분류집인 『訓蒙字會』를 21세기 대표적 國家公認資格證인 한글어문회의 1급 한자 3500자를 비교하여 공통으로 사용되고 있는 한자를 살펴보고, 이를 통해 16세기와 21세기 상용한자가 어떻게 달라졌으며, 그 글자들의 의미범주는 어떻게 바뀌 었는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 조사 결과 총 1,743개의 한자가 현재까지 공용자로 여전히 사용 되고 있었다. 그러나 그 의미범주별 사용 한자는 조금씩 달랐는데, 예를 들면 곤충을 나타내 는 글자나, 채소, 질병을 나타내는 글자들은 16세기와는 현저히 차이를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와는 반대로 유학이나 서식 등에 관한 글자는 여전히 현재까지도 자주 사용되있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 『훈몽자회』의 어휘 분류는 당시 시대상을 많이 반영하고 있는데, 예를 들면 ‘천륜’에 노비들이 속한다든지, ‘인류’에 현대에는 없는 직업군이나 동서남북을 나 타내는 글자를 그 지역의 종족을 나타낸 의미를 해석한다든지 하는 것들은 당시 시대상을 알 수 있는 좋은 자료를 제공해주고 있다.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 만성 일차성 불면증을 위한 인지행동치료의 효과를 체계적 고찰을 통해 알아보고 자 하였다. 연구방법 : 논문 검색을 위해 사용된 6개의 데이터베이스(CINAHL, EBSCOhost, Emabase, MEDLINE, Ovid, PsycINFO)로부터 기준에 적합한 11편의 연구를 선정하였다. 선정된 연구는 PICO 방법을 사용하 여 분석하였고 연구의 질은 두 명의 연구자에 의해 PEDro scale을 사용하여 평가하였다. 11편의 평균 PEDro 점수는 6.3점이었다. 결 과 : 인지행동치료의 주요 중재 요소 중 자극통제와 수면억제가 불면증 중재에 가장 많이 사용되었다. 중 재효과는 총 침상 각성시간, 총 수면시간, 수면효율성, 서파수면 시간의 순으로 효과적이었다. 인지행동 치료는 약물치료와 비교하여 불면증 치료에 효과적이었다. 결론 : 인지행동치료는 만성 일차성 불면증을 완화하기 위한 다른 심리적, 약물 치료적 접근법보다 더 효율 적이었다. 이러한 결과는 임상에서 불면증을 중재하는 방법으로 객관적인 근거가 될 수 있다.

According to the statistics, occupational fatal injuries by mobile cranes were about 12 per year in whole industrial. Mobile cranes are widely used in various parts of industries to improve the efficiency of the work. However considerable number of fatal injuries happen each year during the operation of the machines. In this study, the current regulations to be adequate in industrial site have to be renew in order to prevent the fatal injuries by mobile cranes. Fatal injury analyses were conducted with several accident cases by the mobile cranes. For each accident, the causes of the injuries were examined and proper safety measures were proposed. In this study, the mobile crane showed a high fatality rate in industrial accidents and no detailed cause analysis of fatal accidents was conducted in terms of unsafe acts or conditions. This study proposed a revision of the standard guideline as an accident prevention measures through in-depth analysis of fatal accidents. First, among the mainly five machines caused the accidents, mobile crane was higher for the second showed 0.6% for number of fatalities compared to number of mobil cranes and for the third showed 11% for number of fatalities compared to number of injuries. Second, main cause of cognitive engineering agenda was visibility, responsibility, affordance. As the measures to prevent accidents before starting operation, alternative revision for the fool proof including visibility, responsibility, affordance etc. for the fool proof measures was proposed. Third, alternative revision as cognitive accident prevention for the fail safe measures was proposed.

The aim of the present study was to examine factors affecting Korean university EFL learners' English reading comprehension across two reading tasks (i.e., literal vs. inferential reading). To this end, five latent factors (linguistic, cognitive, affective, social, and English reading) were targeted, and the structural relationships among these five factors were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Results of the present study demonstrate that for literal reading comprehension task, linguistic, cognitive, and social factors made a significant and direct impact on Korean university students' English reading performances, whereas the effect of affective factor was not significant. Regarding the inferential reading task, only linguistic and cognitive factors were significantly and positively associated with Korean university students' English reading comprehension. Implications for pedagogy as well as for future research directions were also provided.

The people who are in the noise factory are difficult to hear and recognize about fire and to evacuate quickly when a fire occurs. This study was conducted to analyze workplace’s background noise of 31 factories in Incheon and to know the workplace noise level comparing to fire alarm sound level. The measured average noise level was 96.8dB(A). Noise level of measured result was exceeded as 6.8dB(A) comparing to NFSC (National Fire Safety Code) noise level of 90dB. NFPA suggests that when background noise exceeds 85dB or more than that, other methods should be considered to know alarm sound. Also fire alarm sound should exceed more than 15dB(A) comparing to background noise level. Therefore it was concluded that the design of the fire alarm systems should not be applied to the workplace without considering background noise and it needs to be improved with regulations and the systems.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the influences of need for cognition (NFC) and fashion leadership on regret after purchasing fashion goods in female consumers and examine the relationships between regret and its dependent variables (i.e., dissatisfaction, regret resolution, and rebuying intentions). Data collection was conducted through a survey for females in their 20s~40s, and 642 questionnaires were used for final data analyses in which frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and regression were applied using SPSS 14.0. The results were as follows. The higher NFC was or the lower fashion leadership was, the higher the degree of regret, as NFC and fashion leadership both had a significant influence on regret. In terms of the dependent variables, the higher the degree of regret, the higher the degree of dissatisfaction and ultimately the lower the rebuying intentions. In addition, the influence of regret on regret resolution and the influence of regret resolution on rebuying intentions were significant. This study verified that consumers’ characteristics and feelings of regret had a significant influence on their buying behavior of fashion goods. The results suggest that consumers’ feelings of regret (which influence consumer satisfaction and rebuying intentions) should be considered in terms of competitive marketing strategies at fashion companies.

경도인지장애 환자의 수단적 일상생활활동의 학습을 위해 Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance( CO-OP)접근법을 적용해보고 그 효과성을 검증하고자 한다. 연구대상자는 경도인지장애로 진단받은 69세 남자를 대상으로 AB 개별 실험 연구설계를 사용하였다. 캐나다 작업수행평가(Canadian Occupational Performance Measure; COPM)를 통해 선정된 문자 보내기, 일정 알람 맞추기, 장기 두기의 3가지 활동을 CO-OP접근법으로 훈련하였다. 매 회기 Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS)와 Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale (PRPS)로 수행의 질적 수준과 참여도를 측정하였고, Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)로 작업수행 능력과 독립성을 중재 전· 후 측정하여 시각적 분석방법으로 분석하였다. 세가지 활동에서 모두 PQRS로 측정한 수행의 질적 수준이 기초선(A) 평균 3.70점에서 중재기간(B) 평균 5.70점으로 증가되었고, 활동의 참여수준도 기초선(A) 평균 1.00점에서 중재기간(B) 평균 3.20점으로 향상되는 결과를 보였다. AMPS는 중재 전 운동기술은 2.38, 처리기술은 1.45이었고, 중재 후에 운동기술은 2.45, 처리기술은 1.77이었으며, 운동기술은 0.07, 처리기술은 0.32 향상되었다. 경도인지장애 환자에서 일상생활에서의 활동과 참여에 영향을 미치는 과제의 학습에 CO-OP접근법이 긍정적인 영향을 주어 CO-OP접근법이 경도인지장애 환자 의 활동에 대한 중재방법으로 적용 가능성을 제안하는 바이다.

The study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of current nutrition labeling of processed foods and examine awareness among university students of nutrition information given current nutrition labels, and also awareness of the one-serving size of snacks that come in differently sized packages. A total of 100 students in Chungbuk, Korea participated in this study. About 60% of the subjects knew about nutrition labeling; however, a very small percentage (11%) of the subjects reported an experience of being educated about nutrition labeling. Also, just 32% of the students checked nutrition labels when they purchased processed foods. When understanding of nutrition information on labels of snacks in differently sized packaging was tested, over 80% of the subjects understood nutrition information accurately. Five different package sizes were studied. Of these 5, packages containing about 200% of one standard serving showed the highest rate of misunderstanding of total energy contents per container. Interestingly, the students most strongly preferred containers that contained 300% of one standard serving. From these results, we conclude that students consider the current recommendation for a serving size to be small, which may be related to misreading of nutrition labels of snacks that come in packages containing less than 300% of one standard serving size. To improve accurate understanding of nutrition labels of snacks, total package labels or dual column labels on packages containing less than 300% of one standard serving size should be considered.

The purpose of this study is to investigate 5th grade elementary school girls’ effort to recognize and use nutritional labels on processed foods and restaurant meals to encourage dietary behavior. The subjects (n=976) were divided into three groups (effort group, n=711; normal group, n=193; and no-effort group, n=72) depending on level of effort for the healthy dietary behavior such as eating balanced meals, eating three meals regularly, and eating meals slowly. In the effort group, the frequency of food intake for breads, ramen, noodles and fast foods was significantly lower, while frequency of food intake for fruits and vegetables and salad was significantly higher than in the other two groups. In the effort group, the ratio of the respondents that perception of nutrition labeling on processed foods and restaurant meals was 80.5% and 31.4% and the ratio of girls who checked the nutrition labeling at their point of purchase was 71.1% and 24.7%, respectively. Reasons given for not reading nutrition labeling for restaurant meals were ‘not interested’ for 34.6% of the effort group, and 52.2% of the no-effort group. Therefore, it is necessary to create an educational program on healthy dietary behavior, including how to read nutrition labeling and establishment of proper body image perception for elementary school girls.