PURPOSES : For large-scale construction, such as a concrete pavement, design and construction are not entirely consistent. If the inconsistency between design and construction is very large, construction quality is significantly degraded, affecting performance life span and driving comfort. The quality of pavement construction is managed according to standards. However, it is difficult to improve construction quality as the standard measures construction quality after construction is completed. Therefore, this study developed a system to measure the construction quality of concrete pavement in real-time and presented the corresponding standards. METHODS : A basic module for simultaneously measuring the width, thickness, and roughness of the concrete pavement was designed. Based on the measurement results of the distance measurement sensor, a calibration method is presented that can remove noise. The system process was developed to measure construction quality based on location and distance data, measured in real-time using GPSs and sensors. The field application experiment was conducted and the results were analyzed. RESULTS : The measurement module is properly designed to be used in concrete pavement construction sites. Noise was removed from the distance measurement sensor results according to the presented calibration method, leaving only the wave of pavement surface irregularities. As a result of applying the system process in the field application, a reasonable level of PRI was observed. CONCLUSIONS : In the past, the width, thickness, and roughness were measured after construction was completed and, if the standard was not met, construction quality control was performed via reconstruction or repair. Through this study, it is expected that the width, thickness, and roughness of the concrete pavement can be measured in real-time and, if the standard is not met, construction quality can be immediately controlled during construction to maintain high quality.

This study focuses on the construction of Gyeongbokgung Palace in the second year of King Gojong's reign, which has been spotlighted for political and economic history. The author analyzed the contents of wood procurement with the Yeonggeon Diary, which records each day of construction site. The results are as follows: First, the 2nd year of King Gojong's reign, Yeonggeon of Gyeongbokgung Palace, was a new building that reflected the old system and 270 years of changed environment on the existing site. Despite the poor economic conditions, it began with years of effort and voluntary volunteer work and dedication. Second, the priority of timber transport was recruiting people in the whole process and the supply and demand of transportation tools. Carrying lumber from the mountains to the riverside and floating it at the right time were all a matter of manpower. Soldiers and carts were used to carry timber that arrived in Hangang River to the construction site. The cart was a consumable product, so it was necessary to continuously use the wood to make cart at the site. Third, fire and flood were the biggest obstacles to the Yeonggeon schedule of Gyeongbokgung Palace. Especially the fire was fatal. It was difficult to extinguish the fire in temporary structure, where was the storage for wood to construct. These disasters greatly affected the construction cost and construction period. Wood procurements of Gyeongbokgung Palace were based on public offerings. At the same time, recycled materials from other palace wood and nearby houses, nationwide buying of private mountain wood, the logging of royal tombs and some of the buildings of Gyeonghui Palace and Changgyeong Palace were relocated.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the fugitive dust generated by each process through field tests to develop a technology to reduce fugitive dust generated during excavation-restoration work on road pavements. METHODS : The testbed was constructed based on a typical excavation-restoration construction section and comprised five sections for reproducibility and repeated measurements. The excavation-restoration work was divided into pavement cutting, pavement crushing, pavement removal, excavation, and restoration processes and fugitive dust generated by each process was measured. Fugitive dust (TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) was measured using a GRIMM particle spectrometer, which applies the principle of a light scattering spectrometer and can be measured in real-time. RESULTS : Analyses of the average mass concentration of PM10 generated by the excavation-restoration process are as follows: 1286.3 μg/m³ from pavement cutting, 246.8 μg/m³ from pavement crushing, 697.0 μg/m³ from pavement removal, 747.9 μg/m³ from excavation process, and 350.6 μg/m³ from the restoration process. In addition, the average particle size distribution of the excavationrestoration construction was in the order of PM10~PM2.5 (67 %), PM1 or less (24 %), and PM2.5~PM1 (9 %). The pavement cutting process is characterized by the emission of high concentrations of fugitive dust over a short time, compared to other processes. The pavement crushing process has the characteristic of steadily generating fugitive dust for a long period, although the emission concentration is small. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, it was found that the concentration and characteristics of fugitive dust generated during road pavement excavation-restoration works vary by process and the reduction technology for each process should be developed accordingly.

This study attempted to clarify the modern transition process of the urban space through the construction and change of the Imperial Palace as a central facility in Seoul. The road renovation of Seoul, which started in 1895, has established a modern, circular transportation system centered on Gyeongun-gung Palace, the Imperial Palace along with the tram line. In this urban structure, the imperial palace as a central facility of the former monarchy, unlike the previous palaces, could not be located at the top of a road with a longitudinal axis, and it expanded its territory around foreign legionaries and placed a new government office around the perimeter. However, the royal palace was moved to Changdeokgung Palace in 1907 with the throne of Sunjong. With the creation of Changdeokgung, which is the periphery of Seoul, as new royal palace, the status of the imperial palace in the city was remarkably weakened, and Gyeongun-gung, located in the center of Seoul, was also reduced to the current Deoksugung area, turning into an urban facility facing a modern street.

본 연구는 스마트건설 지원을 위한 드론 활용의 활성화를 위해 RTK 드론 기반의 항공측량 정밀도를 분석하고자 GPS만을 사용하는 방식, GCP를 설치하는 방식, RTK 드론을 이용한 방식의 정사영상의 위치정확도를 분석하였고 사업의 목적과 대상지의 형태에 따른 드론 활용의 기준을 제시하였다. 또한 상용 드론을 이용한 체적기반의 토공량 산출을 2.5D 환경에서 산출하여 기존 방법과 비교해서 드론영상을 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 연구로 대규모 건설현장의 작업효율 및 드론 활성화가 기대된다.

『삼국사기』에는 백제가 나당연합군의 침공에 의해 660년 7 월 18일 멸망하였다고 기록되어 있는데, 『일본서기』에는 663 년 9월 7일 주유성(州柔城)이 함락되어 백제의 이름이 끊어졌 고 두 번 다시 선조들의 무덤에도 갈 수 없게 되었다는 한탄이 기록되어 있다.1) 백제의 마지막 수도였던 그‘부여(扶餘)’땅에, 일본제국주의 식민정책의 영구화를 위한 내선일체의 영지를 표 방하는 ‘부여신궁’이 조영되었는데, 이 계획이 어떻게 시작되었 으며 어떠한 과정을 거쳐 계획되고, 공사 진척을 위해 전국적 으로 동원된 인원들과 그들의 봉사일정 등을 언론에 발표된 내 용을 중심으로 시간대별로 살펴보았다. 그리고 국내에서는 사 라졌던 부여신궁 본전 설계도를 입수하여 살펴보고, 현재 입구 가 거의 막힌 채 남아 있는 지하 터널의 용도와 설계도에서의 위치를 추정하여 본다. 기억하기 싫은 뼈아픈 치욕의 역사도 정확히 기억하고, 이를 극복하는 노력이 없으면 되풀이하는 실수를 범할 수가 있다. 실수를 반복하지 않기 위하여서라도 그때 당시를 적확히 찾아 기록하여 후대의 거울로 삼는 것도 의미가 있는 일이리라.

미국을 비롯한 선진국과 한국의 노동시장에서 학력별 노동 간 임금격차가 심화되는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 본 논문은 한국 제조업 노동시장에서 발생하고 있는 학력별 임금격차를 바탕으로 인적자본론에 근 거하여 저학력노동시장과 고학력노동시장으로 분절하고 학력별 노동수요가 어떤 요인에 영향을 받는가 를 실증분석하였다. 먼저 저학력노동과 고학력노동으로 나누어 제조업의 학력별 임금격차를 설명하였다. 분석방법으로 저 학력노동, 고학력노동과 물적자본을 생산요소로 하고 외생변수로 중립적 기술진보와 세계화를 포함한 다 요소 Cobb-Douglas 생산함수를 설정하였다. 이것을 바탕으로 비용함수를 구하고 학력별 노동수요함수를 유도하여 통계자료를 사용하여 실증분석하였다. 추정결과는 첫째 저학력노동(고졸이하)과 고학력노동(대졸 이상) 간에는 보완적 관계가, 물적자본과 고학력노동(대졸이상) 간에는 대체적인 관계가 성립하였다. 둘째 제조업 생산량은 저학력노동 수요에 양 (+)의 방향으로 영향을 미치지만 고학력노동 수요에는 통계적으로 유의미한 영향은 미치지 않았다. 셋째 세계화는 고학력노동 수요를 증가시키고 저학력노동 수요를 감소하는 방향으로 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 중립적 기술진보는 고학력수요를 증가하는 방향으로 영향을 미치지만 저학력노동 수요에 거의 미치지 못했다. 이런 결론을 바탕으로 정책적 제안을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 경기침체 때 생산량이 줄어들면 이에 따라 저학력노동 수요가 감소하고 실업이 발생한다. 이런 상황에 대응하여 저학력노동 고용촉진정책이 필요하다. 둘째, 투자가 감소하면 자본수요가 줄어들어 자본가격이 하락한다. 고학력노동의 상대가격이 상승하여 고학력노동 수요가 감소한다. 이에 따라 보완관계인 저학력노동 수요도 감소하게 되므로 투자촉진정책이 필요하다. 셋째 세계화가 진전될수록 저학력노동의 수요가 감소하므로 저학력노동 고용증 진정책이 필요하다.

The general contractor business in South Korea settled in the railway construction during the Daehan Empire, but depending on the construction intention and circumstances of the railroad, relationship among employer-contractor-subcontractor and their roles under the system of the construction process had changed. At the time of laying the Gyeongin and Gyeongbu-rail, the Empire, which had no capital and technology, passed all the power and responsibility of the rail laying to the contractor, who was involved in most of the process. After this, the empire tried to lay Gyeongui-railroad without the help of other countries. Japan prepared for the Russo-Japanese War and decided to construct the railway rapidly, and completed the railway in parallel with direct management work and contract work. From that time on, the general contractor would only do the work. During the construction of railroad in Daehan empire, the general contract business system was established. The ambiguous process was sorted out and divided. At this time, subjects in charge of design and construction has been divided. The internal organization of the project owner and the contractor were organaized and specialized.

This study examines the interactional dynamics revealed through teasing humor in the context of a startup business meeting. Using a quasi-conversation analytic approach to details of talk, as well as ethnographic information concerning the community of practice, this study aims to illuminate the construction of professional identities shown in members' participation in teasing humor. The dataset consists of three video-recorded weekly business meetings of a startup (210 minutes) and a supplementary interview and observation notes. The analyses show that, in this business context, the members' identities (e.g., the CEO, the co-founders versus non-co-founders) were revealed in the dynamics of participation in teasing humor. Teasing humor was also found to contribute to finding creative solutions to challenging issues under discussion. The non-co-founders, in particular, found opportunities to participate in the major business discourse through this teasing. By participating in the teasing segments, they were able to present themselves as legitimate members of the startup. The findings are discussed to highlight the sociolinguistic norms of a professional community in creating a constructive business culture.

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection, one of a major foodborne disease remains considerable public health concerns globally. In this study, we have constructed that the genetically inactivated SE ghost vaccine candidate, JOL2220 (Δlon ΔcpxR Δasd), which express the immunogenic hemagglutinin portion (HA1) of H1N1 virus on the Salmonella surface. The lysis gene cassette, holin-endolysin system originated from double DNA bacteriophage λ was cloned into the ghost vector plasmid pJHL464, which activated under the control of the convergent promoter system. Scanning electronic microscopic examination revealed that transmembrane tunnels of JOL2220 was formed following the 48 hr of the lysis mediated by the holin-endolysin system. In vitro expression of HA1 antigenic protein was also determined by Western blot analysis. The Chickens immunized with JOL2220 ghost via intramuscular and oral routes showed significant increase in IgG level against both SE and HA1 antigen. Further, we observed markedly enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation and T-cell differentiation in the primed PBMC of the immunized chicken, compared to those in the control group. Collectively, the results indicated that the SE ghosts expressing HA1 antigen may have immunostimulatory properties against Salmonella and influenza infection where the chicken is the predominant reservoir.