The mixed matrix membranes for CO2/N2 separation, which is composed of commercially available MgCO3 and amphiphilic comb polymer matrix based on poly(ethyleneglycol) behenyl ether methacrylate and poly(oxyethelene methacrylate) synthesized via a facile free radical polymerization, were fabricated. The use of a CP improved the dispersion of the MgCO3 in ethanol due to the specific interaction between CP and MgCO3. The MMMs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM), and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The best performance of gas separation for CP/MgCO3 MMM was shown in the case of 45wt% MgCO3 with the highest CO2 /N2 selectivity(93.8) and good CO2 permeance (30.9GPU). This performance of this CP/MgCO3 MMM is higher than other MgCO3 commercially available MMMs.

Sulfur copolymer (poly(S-r-CEA)) was synthesized via facile inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA). Polysulfide (PS) oligomer was soluble to common solvents including DMF, producing homogenous dope solution with PAN as filler. PS-PAN was electrospun resulting to nanofiber membrane effective for Hg2+ sequestration with recorded maximum capacity of 612 mg g-1 based on Langmuir model isotherm. Kinetics, selectivity and reusability were also evaluated. This work presents new and cheap yet effective material for heavy metal sequestration from contaminated water. This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2015R1A2A1A15055407) and by the Ministry of Education (No. 2009-0093816).

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development direction and strategy for medicines through analysis of differences in choice attributes according to customers awareness of medicines and experience. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on dietary education among national network trainees and lecturers by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock in Daegu, Gyeongsan, and Ulsan, Seoul from December 5, 2016, respectively. First, factor analysis results showed that six factors were extracted with respect to the choice of the restaurant. Second, the difference in each factor according to the recognition and experience of medicinal herbs was the health related factor as sex, females, age 50~59 years, companion others, and publicity and advertising' factors were more important for publicity and advertisement when the gender was female, the customer's age was 40~49 years, the companion was other, and the time of use was during the weekend. Among the factors related to 'getting dressed', the more important gender was female, age 40~49 years, and the other partner, The factors related to 'time' were as follows: sex, age, age 20~29 years, no accompanying companions, no time of use, and time importance. The 'menu' factors were more important for men, gender, women, age 40~49 years, companion for guitar, and usage time for weekend dinner. The 'service' factors were more important in 'service' as sex, male age, age 20~29, companion family, usage time, and weekend dinner.

This study aimed to analyze beverage usage motives according to selection attributes of beverage shops. Questionnaires were completed by 509 persons living in the Seoul, Gyeonggido area. The results show significant differences by gender, age, and monthly income. Female customers stayed longer and spent more money than males. Younger customers (20’s, 30’s) stayed longer and visited beverage shops to meet friends. Those with higher incomes stayed shorter and visited beverage shop with company staff. In the factor analysis of selection attributes of beverage shops, there were four factors: ‘physical environment’, ‘economic benefit’, ‘specialized service’, and ‘approach convenience’. Two clusters, derived from selected attributes of beverage shops, were ‘highly involved group’ and ‘low involved group’. The ‘highly involved group’ was high income and highly educated, whereas the ‘low involved group’ was low income and low educated. ‘The highly involved group’ drank beverages in the office and school while the ‘low involved group’ drank beverages at home. The ‘highly involved group’ cited safety, comfort, pleasure, and happiness more than the ‘low involved group’ at beverage shops. Beverage shops should develop health beverages such as caffeine or sugar-controlled beverage for ‘the highly involved group’. Discounts for take-out beverages and promotional coupons should be used for the ‘low involved group’.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emotional-utilitarian motivation on coffee shop selection attribution. Based on a total of 276 samples obtained from empirical research, the results of the survey were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, the results of exploratory factor analysis of coffee shop selection attribution emphasized service, coffee quality, diversity of menu, atmosphere, convenience, and price. Secondly, the customers showed higher emotional motivation than utilitarian motivation. Thirdly, emotional motivation had a significant effect on perception of ‘service’, ‘coffee quality’, and ‘atmosphere’. On the other hand, utilitarian motivation had a significant effect on ‘service’, ‘diversity of menu’, ‘convenience’, and ‘price’.

본 연구는 근거이론 관점에서 유아대상 영어학원의 선택결정요인을 학부모와 학원장의 심층면접을 통 한 연구결과를 토대로, 교육적․정책적 시사점을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 4단계의 과 정을 거쳐 10명의 연구 참여자를 최종적으로 선정한 후, 자료 수집을 위해 심층면담을 실시하였다. 심층 면담을 통해 수집된 자료는 Strauss와 Corbin(1998)이 제시한 근거이론 방식에 의해 개방코딩-축코딩- 선택코딩의 순으로 진행하였다. 분석결과, 중심현상은 자녀의 차별화된 성장에 대한 갈망이었다. 이의 인과적 조건, 맥락적 조건, 중재적 조건 등을 살펴보면서, 유아대상 영어학원 선택 결정요인에 대한 패러다임 모형을 제시하였다. 이상의 결과를 토대로, 유아대상 공교육 정책수립, 강사의 자질, 교습시간, 조기 공교육 영어교육정책의 시사점, 유아대상 영어학원의 분당 수강료 측면에서 함의를 제고시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

Currently, the social networks of the rural areas which may have the low social vitality are insufficient or absent, due to the industrialization according to the growth oriented economic policy of China; the farmers’ organizations(FOs) for forming or restoring the social relations can be the alternative. Recently, the government of China increased the policy support regarding the FOs of which the representative example is the Specialized Farmers Cooperatives. Thus, it is necessary to understand and support the FOs that is the gathering of lots of farmers, which is the most fundamental factor of the systematization, for reaching the strengthening the FOs competitiveness which is the policy goal of China government. In this context, the intention of participating in the Specialized Farmers Cooperatives and the preferred types of FOs in Húnchūn were investigated.

This study aimed to analyze the beverage usage behavior according to the food-related lifestyle in Seoul, Gyeonggi province area. Group 1, named ‘health & safety seeking’ group, consists of high percentage of women in their 40s, as well as a high percentage of high income and highly educated. Group 2, was group of ‘high interest in dietary life’, consists of a high percentage of women in their 30s, highly educated, earned 3~5 million won. Group 3, named ‘convenience seeking’ group, had a high percentage of men and of those in their 20s who earned less than 2 million won. In verifying the difference between food-related lifestyle groups in terms of their behaviors and attitudes towards the usage of beverage specialty shop, group 1 showed significantly high score in the number of visit beverage specialty shops, the intention to spend higher average expenditure per visit per person, importance of selection attributes of beverage specialty sho

두 종류의 Cronobacter 선택배지(DFI agar, R&F agar) 의 분유 및 건조호박 내 Cronobacter의 선택 분리능을 realtime PCR법과 함께 비교하였다. 분유에서의 Cronobacter 검출률은 세 가지 방법에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나(p < 0.05), 건조호박의 경우 R&F배지와 real-time PCR법이 DFI에서보다 유의적으로 높은 검출률을 보였다 (p < 0.05). 배지 간 선택성에 있어서도, R&F 선택배지는 건조호박에서 DFI에 비해 유의적으로 높은 선택성을 나타냈다(p < 0.05). Real-time PCR 및 R&F배지의 사용은 분유뿐만 아니라, 건조 호박 등의 높은 경쟁세균총을 갖는 영유아식의 원료로 사용될 수 있는 식품군에서도 Cronobacter를 효과적으로 검출할 수 있는 방법으로 사료된다.

Spinyhead sculpin Dasycottus setiger, a species of cold water fish, is distributed along the eastern coastal waters of Korea. A series of fishing experiments was carried out in the waters near Uljin from June, 2002 to November, 2004, using the experimental monofilament gill nets of different mesh sizes (82.2, 89.4, 104.8, and 120.2 ㎜) to describe the selectivity of the gill net for the fish. The SELECT (Share Each Length’s Catch Total) analysis with maximum likelihood method was applied to fit the different functional models (normal, lognormal, and bi-normal models) for selection curves to the catch data. The bi-normal model with the fixed relative fishing intensity was selected as the best-fit selection curve by AIC (Akaike’s Information Criterion) comparison. For the best-fit selection curve, the optimum relative length (the ratio of fish total length to mesh size) with the maximum efficiency and the selection range (R50%,large - R50%, small) of 50% retention were obtained as 2.363 and 0.851, respectively. The ratios of body girth to mesh perimeter at 100% retention where the selection curve of each mesh size represented the optimum total length were calculated as the range of 0.86 ~ 0.87.

본 연구에서는 매우 벌키한 그룹인 플루오렌기를 도입하고 CO2와 친화력이 좋은 현상을 이용해 선택도와 투과도를 높일 수 있는 PEG기와의 공중합반응을 통해 위 두 인자들을 조절하였다. FT-IR을 통해 PEG의 특성 피크 (2950 cm− 1,1110cm−1)가 잘 나타나 있는 것을 확인하였다. PSf-PEG 분리막이 유리전이온 도를 하나만 가지는 것을 확인하였으며 분자량이 6000인 PEG가 10 mol%가 포함 된 PSf-PEG 분리막에서만 60 °C 부근에서 용융점이 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. PSf-PEG 분리막의 이산화탄소 기체투과도는 PEG 함량에 반비례하여 감소하였지만 이산화탄소 선택도는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 같은 함량에서 PEG 의 분자량이 증가할수록 이산화탄소의 투과도 또한 증가하는 경향을 확인 할 수 있었다.

Synthetic membranes, based on polymers or inorganic membranes, are now used in a wide variety of gas separations. For gas separation membranes, during the 1980’s, permeability data on six common gases were complied, and the tradeoff relationship was analyzed. The upper bound relationship was established empirically. Recognizing the exquisite permeability and selectivity of biological membranes and the deleterious nature of broad pore size distributions and flexibility of polymer chains on permeability/selectivity combinations, a number of approaches have been pursued to develop membranes with better transport and separation properties. There has been an evolution in design of materials for both gas and liquid separation membranes, brought about by advances in structural control of materials and by better understanding of natural membranes.

Salined water electrolysis is an electrochemical reaction to produce chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide as major products from salined water. Perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers and their derivatives have been usually used as polymeric electrolytes with high sodium ion selectivity and barrier property to chlorine and hydrogen gases. In spite of their industrial importance, there is little information on the relationship of their chemical features and electrochemical performances. In this study, membrane requirements for salined water electrolysis are described and fundamental and electrochemical characteristics of PFSA and hydrocarbon ionomer materials are compared each other. The obtained results are expected to provide membrane material design factors for low energy-consuming salined water electrolysis.

본 연구는 2008년부터 2012년까지 오목눈이의 번식기에(2월에서 6월) 공주대학교 교내 및 인근지역과 계룡산국립공 원 그리고 월악산국립공원에서 수행하였다. 총 98개의 오목눈이 둥지를 조사결과 15종의 수목에 둥지를 만들었으며, 특별히 선호하는 나무의 수종은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 나무의 수종을 생활형으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 상록침 엽교목과 낙엽활엽교목 그리고 낙엽활엽관목으로 나타났으며 그중 상록침엽교목을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 식생에 의해 오목눈이의 둥지가 가려진 정도인 은폐도는 공주대학교 교내 및 인근지역이 11.61±4.79%(n=29)로 나타났으며, 계룡산국립공원은 6.06±2.31%(n=43), 월악산국립공원은 4.38±2.19%(n=26)로 나타났다. 지역별로 이웃한 오목눈이 둥지의 은폐도는 서로 비슷한 정도로 가려져 있었으나, 지역 간의 은폐도는 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 오목눈이 둥지의 보호색 정도를 살펴본 결과, 오목눈이 둥지주변 환경의 색 코드 값에서 오목눈이 둥지의 색 코드 값을 뺀 평균은 26.52±16.14(n=32)로 나타났으며, 오목눈이의 둥지는 주변 환경에 따라서 보호색을 띠고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 오목눈이 둥지의 영소목이 상록침엽교목이면 녹색의 이끼를 많이 물어와 둥지를 만드는 반면 관목이나 영소목이 균류 등에 의하여 노란색을 띠게 되면 마른이끼를 둥지 재료로 사용하여 전체적으로 노란색을 띠는 경향이 있었다.

This study examined how Chinese tourists’ beauty tour preferences and attitudes toward Korean culture impacted their purchasing behaviors, repurchasing intentions, and the likelihood that they would recommend the products and services they received. Between the 10th and 21st of June, 2016, a total of 277 questionnaires were distributed in Seoul, Busan and Daegu using SPSS 21.0. On the surveys, beauty tour preferences were divided into the following categories: human service, high quality service, convenience․accessibility & cost, and facility & atmosphere. The study found that high quality service and convenience & accessibility significantly affected respondents’ purchasing intentions, with high quality service showing the higher standardized beta value. Friendliness to Korean culture also had a significant impact on beauty tour purchasing intentions. Preference for human service, high quality service, and facility & atmosphere significantly affected the purchasing intentions and the likelihood o f respondent recommendations, with higher standardized beta values shown (from high est to lowest) in the preference for facility & atmosphere, and preference for human service and high quality service respectively. Concerning perceptions of beauty products, preference for quality had a significant impact on the repurchasing intentions and intentions of respondents to make recommendations, as did the respondents’, friendliness toward Korean culture. This study suggests that, to be most effective, beauty tours should emphasize human service and facility & atmosphere, as well as high quality service. In addition, preference for beauty services or products, and friendliness to Korean culture must be considered.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the purchasing behavior and selection attributes for Home Meal Replacement (HMR) and to identify the selection attributes affecting purchasing frequency and purchasing costs of married women living in a city. Among 837 questionnaires distributed to HMR married women consumers, 752 complete questionnaires (89.8%) were analyzed. The younger married women group showed higher frequency of purchasing HMR than the older age group. The 20s and 30s age groups showed higher purchasing costs for HMR than the 40s and older age groups. A higher proportion of employed married women purchased HMR three or more times per week and spent an average of more than 20,000 won per purchase in comparison with unemployed married women. HMR selection attributes were classified into five factors: ‘taste and sanitation’, ‘economic efficiency’, ‘health and nutrition’, ‘convenience’, and ‘reliability and awareness’; mean scores of these factors’ importance levels were 4.28, 3.93, 3.59, 3.54, and 3.50 out of 5 points, respectively. The importance level of ‘taste and sanitation’ factor was significantly greater as married women’s age decreased. However, the importance level of ‘health and nutrition’ factor was significantly greater as married women’s age increased. The results of the logistic regression analyses indicate that the ‘taste and sanitation’ and ‘health and nutrition’ factors affected frequency of purchasing HMR. The ‘reliability and awareness’ factor had the most significant impact on cost per purchasing HMR. Therefore, a product differentiation strategy according to married women’s age and employment status should be applied. Product qualities and brand value should be improved to enhance competition in the HMR market.

리튬이온 이차전지는 리튬이온이 이동하면서 전기화학적 충방전사이클을 완성하는 에너지변환장치를 의미한다. 리튬이온 이차전지는 높은 에너지밀도와 낮은 자가방전률, 상대적으로 긴 수명주기 등 다양한 장점을 갖는다. 최근 전기차 수 요증가는 고용량 리튬이온 이차전지 개발을 촉진하고 있으나 음극에서의 dendrite 형성으로 인한 전기적 단락 현상과 전지 폭 발 문제와 같은 심각한 안전문제를 야기한다. 또한, 리튬이온 이차전지 구동시 상승된 온도에서 폴리올레핀계열(예 : 폴리에 틸렌과 폴리프로필렌) 격리막의 열수축 문제가 발생한다. 이와 같이 낮은 열 안정성은 리튬이온 이차전지의 성능과 수명의 감소로 이어진다. 본 연구에서는 폴리올레핀계열 함침격리막 제조를 위한 중요한 소재로서 술폰화 폴리아릴렌에테르술폰 랜 덤 공중합체를 사용하였으며, 제조된 격리막을 이용하여 dendrite 형성과 관련된 금속이온 흡착 능력과 리튬이온전도성, 열적 내구성이 평가되었다.

분리막(Separation membrane)을 이용하여 기체 또는 액체상태로 존재하는 분자들을 선택적으로 분리하는 기술은 화학, 생물, 제약, 석유화학 등의 산업에서 매우 다양하게 응용되고 있으며 산업적으로 매우 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) 막은 nanochannel의 직경, nanochannel 간의 거리 및 원통형 nanochannel의 길이 등을 정밀하게 조절 할 수 있어 AAO 막을 이용하여 혼합분자를 효과적으로 분리하려는 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 양 말단이 열려있어 through-hole 구조로 다양한 직경의 nanochannel을 가지는 AAO 막을 제작하였으며, 이것을 이용하여 용매에 녹아 있는 고분자 사슬의 수력학적 부피에 따른 선택적 투과를 관찰하였다. Nanochannel을 투과한 고분자 사슬의 회전반지름과 nanochannel의 직경 사이에 정량적인 관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 AAO 막의 nanochannel을 흐르는 고분자 용액의 유동 률(flow rate)이 Hagen-Poiseuille 관계식으로 정확하게 설명될 수 있음을 확인하여 AAO 내에 존재하는 원통형태의 nanochannel 내에서 흐르는 용액의 나노흐름(nanoflow)에 대한 이론적 해석이 가능함을 증명하였다.

이중가닥 RNA (double-stranded RNA, dsRNA)는 표적 유전자의 발현을 억제하는 기능으로 해충방제에 응용되었다. 인테그린은 α와 β 단위체로 구성된 이량체 막 단백질이다. 진핵생명체에서 인테그린은 세포-세포 및 세포-세포외기질의 상호연결에 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 인 테그린 β 단위체 발현을 억제하는 특정한 dsRNA (= dsINT)는 해당 곤충에 뚜렷한 치사효과를 유발한다. 또한, dsINT를 발현시키는 형질전환 된 대장균도 해당 곤충에 뚜렷한 살충력을 가진다. 그러나 이 세균 살충제의 야외 적용을 위해서는 제형화 기술이 필요했다. 본 연구는 dsINT를 발현하는 재조합 세균을 동결 건조시켜 대상 곤충에 대해 살충효능을 검정하였다. 동결 건조된 세균은 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua) 종령 유충에 높은 섭식독을 일으켰다. 파밤나방에 대해서 Bacillus thuringiensis 상용 살충제 처리는 불과 60%의 살충력을 보이는 반면, 동결 건조된 dsINT 발현 세균과 혼합 처리할 때 살충력은 크게 증가하였다. dsINT 발현 세균은 해당 인테그린 염기서열 유사성에 따라 차이를 보이는 해충 종에 선 택적 독성을 나타냈다. 이 결과는 인테그린에 특이적 dsRNA를 발현하는 세균이 동결 건조 제형화 조건하에서도 살충력을 유지한다는 것을 나타 냈다.