The purpose of this study was to examine effects of perceived cosmetic brand personality on the preference of women consumer in 20～30's who started applying adult makeup and were sensitive to cosmetics and makeup techniques to provide domestic cosmetic brands with unique personality marketing resources. A questionnaire developed by researchers was used and 538 questionnaires were used for data analysis. Data was analyzed by SPSS PC(Ver. 16.0). Factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, and muliti regression analysis were done. The findings of this study were; Domestic cosmetic brands’ personality factors were aesthetics, performance, interest, competency, and boldness. In case of Isaknox, women consumers in 20-30's preferred it when they perceived its aesthetics, performance, and competency. They preferred Lacvert when they perceived its aesthetics and interest, while they preferred The Face Shop when they perceived its aesthetics, performance, and competency. They preferred domestic cosmetic brand was Hera most, followed by Laneige, Isaknox, Lacvert, and The Face Shop in a descending order. Also they preferred Laneige when they perceived its competency and Hera when they perceived its aesthetics and interest.

As directly imported apparel brands are actively entering the domestic market, studies of the marketing aspects of these imported apparel products and their overall consumption trend have been done. However, studies of whether are not the directly imported apparel products provide Korean consumers with an appropriate fit are not as common. Therefore, this study investigates the satisfaction with and problems associated with the fit along with the recognition of and preference for directly imported US apparel brands. 100 female college students who purchased directly imported US apparel brands participated in a survey. The results of this survey showed that their recognition of, preference for, possession rate of and satisfaction with the directly imported US apparel brands tend to be high. The major purchasing motivations were the excellent ‘design’ and ‘color’ of the products. The subjects reported that they were satisfied with the quality of ‘materials’ and ‘sewing condition’. However, they were not satisfied with the ‘comfort’ or the ‘size’. Their level of satisfaction with the fit of these products differed depending on the specific item. Their level of satisfaction with the fit of T-shirts and knits was high, whereas the level for pants was relatively low. They complained mostly about the sleeve length and garment length of upper-body garments and coats. They were not satisfied with how the pants fit. The areas of dissatisfaction regarding the pants were the waist girth, the crotch length and the pants length.

The hydrogen energy had recognized clean and high efficiency energy source. The research field of hydrogen energy was production, storage, application and transport. The commercial storage method was using high pressure tanks but it was not safety. However metal hydride was very safety due to high chemical stability. Mg and Mg alloys are attractive as hydrogen storage materials because of their lightweight and high absorption capacity (about 7.6 wt%). Their range of applications could be further extended if their hydrogenation properties and degradation behavior could be improved. The main emphasis of this study was to find an economical manufacturing method for Mg-Ti-Ni-H systems, and to investigate their hydrogenation properties. In order to examine their hydrogenation behavior, a Sievert's type automatic pressure-compositionisotherm (PCI) apparatus was used and experiments were performed at 423, 473, 523, 573, 623 and 673 K. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the absorbed hydrogen contents were around 2.5wt.% for (Mg8Ti2)-10 wt.%Ni. With an increasing Ni content, the absorbed hydrogen content decreased to 1.7 wt%, whereas the dehydriding starting temperatures were lowered by some 70-100 K. The results of PCI on (Mg8Ti2)-20 wt.%Ni showed that its hydrogen capacity was around 5.5 wt% and its reversible capacity and plateau pressure were also excellent at 623 K and 673 K.

This study aims to reveal how EA affects BAX and NF-kB involved in cell deaths from global ischemia, and to do this, observes the changes of BAX and NF-kB caused by EA application after transient global ischemia. The experimental method is to give rise to global ischemia and apply EA to 27 SD rats with the particulars of being six-week-old, male, around-300 gram-weighing, and adapted to laboratory environment for more than a week, and divide them into three groups, that is, GV20 EA group(n=9), L14 EA group(n=9), no-treatment GI group(n=9), and then observe their changes of BAX and NF-kB at the time lapse of 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours after ischemia, using western blotting. The numerical decrease of BAX expression at the time lapse of 9 hours after EA application, though not statistically significant, was observed in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, and the NF-kB expression appeared statistically significant decrease in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, but the expression was higher in the group with EA application. Therefore, EA application at the early phase of global ischemia is considered to affect BAX and NF-kB and play a positive role in decreasing apoptosis and cell deaths by inflammation.

이 논문에서는 20대와 60대를 얼굴의 측정치와 시각적 분석을 통해 얼굴의 비율과 불균형을 분석하였다. 얼굴폭과 얼굴길이의 비율이 20대는 1 : 1.34, 60대는 1 : 1.39로 나타나 60대 여성의 얼굴길이가 길며, 상안 부길이, 중안부길이, 하안부길이의 비율에서 20대는 0.85 : 1 : 1로 중안부길이와 하안부의 길이가 같은 반면, 60대는 0.84 : 1 : 1.06으로 하안부길이가 길고 상안부길이가 짧다. 얼굴의 균형감은 2˚이상의 심한 불균형인 경우 눈초리각도가 20대에서 8%, 60대에서 13%, 코각도가 20대에서 11%, 60대에서 29%, 구각각도에서 20대가11%, 60대에서 40%로 나타나, 60대의 불균형이 심각하게 나타났다. 이상과 같이 20대에 비해 60대의 얼굴이 전체적으로 길며, 그중에서도 하안부가 길게 나타난 것은 노화로 인해 얼굴이 변화됨을 알 수 있다. 또한 얼굴의 불균형이 20대에 비해 60대에서 많이 나타남을 알 수 있다.

팽화홍삼으로부터 용매추출, 용매분획 및 silica gel column chromatography를 반복하여 두 개의 화합물을 분리하였다. 이들 두 화합물의 결정특성, 녹는점, 비선광도, Infrared spectrum 분석 결과, TLC에서의 Rf값, HPLC에서의 retention time 및 NMR 데이터를 측정하여 고찰한 결과 두 개의 화합물은 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3와 ginsenoside Rg5임을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 1H- 및 13C-NMR 데이터를 HSQC 및 HMBC와 같은 2D-NMR 실험을 통하여 더욱 정확하게 동정하였다.

본 연구는 93% 고농도 산소의 세 가지 공급량(1L/min, 3L/min, 5L/min)에 대해 20대 및 60대의 혈중산소 포화도의 차이를 규명하고자 하였다. 20대 남자 10명(25.0±1.8세)과 여자 10명(23.7±1.9세), 60대 남자 10명(68.0±2.6세)과 여자 10명(65.5±3.1세)의 피험자를 대상으로 실험을 수행하였다. 1L/min, 3L/min, 그리고 5L/min의 유량 변화가 가능하면서 순도 93%의 산소 농도를 일정하게 유지 할 수 있는 산소 공급 장치(OXUS Co.)를 사용하였다. Pre-hyperoxia(5분), 93%의 Hyperoxia(10분), Post-hyperoxia(10분)의 세 단계의 순서로 실험이 진행되었고, 전 단계에서 혈중 산소 포화도가 측정되었다. 유량이 증가할수록 혈중 산소 포화도는 증가하였고, 60대보다 20대의 혈중 산소 포화도가 더 높았다. 안정 상태(Pre-/Post-hyperoxia)에 비해 고농도 산소를 공급한 Hyperoxia 구간에서 혈중 산소 포화도가 증가하였다. 그러나 고농도 산소 공급으로 20대에 비해 60대의 혈중 산소 포화도의 증가량이 더 컸다.

The purpose of this research was to re-illuminated the artistic value of costume designs that had shared identical history with human beings through the formation and the progress of the newly introduced Russian avant-garde art. This resulted from the fact that the Russian avant-garde art changed the human esthetic sense through the trend of art that Natalia Goncharova introduced in the early 20th century. The research method defined the formation and progress of the development of the Neo-Primitivism centering the works of art by Natalia Goncharova. Based on this method, Goncharova designed the set and the costume designs for the Ballets Russes of Serge Diaghilev and studied the molding characteristics of the costumes worn in the performing art. The result were as follows. First of all, Goncharova's costume designs were all manufactured based on the theme of Russian folk art and genesis. In other words, Goncharova represented the Spanish passion, the Russian folk art Lubok, and Goldern cockerel or religious Icon-paintings in her costumes. she pursued straight lines and abstract shapes in her costume designs. her design displayed the Neo-Primitivism influence through the separation between the lines and the surfaces, which defined the costumes as a decorative art experiment. Therefore, the study of Goncharova had one realize that Neo-Primitivism was not only an art form of Avant-garde, but it also became the basis of the molding character of all the artworks. Natalia Goncharova reflected the miracle of the transformation of the early 20th century in their costume designs.

The purpose of this study was to observe street fashion, to determine preferred design of jean and to analyze preferred jean styling based on types of jean pants design, toward 20s to 30s women. We observed outfits of jean styles on the street using photography method and conducted a survey to 400 females to get information of consumers. Four hundred questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS. As a result of street research, the majority of people were wearing jean pants with T-shirts, sandal/high heel shoes and totes. The results of market research showed that preferred jean styles were significantly associated with age and marital status. Preferred color of jean pants was also significantly associated with age variable. Current popular jean style was a skinny style. We evaluated results of styling with different jean pants, creating five different images. There was a significant relationship between age/marital status and styling image in different jean styles. In a bootcut style, age variable was significantly associated with different styling images. Generally, most of people responded cute/casual image styling was the best for the bootcut style. In skinny pants, there was a significant association between a residence area and a styling image. Modern/chic image styling with skinny pants was the most favored one. In cropped jean pants, marital status was significantly associated with styling image created. We realized that we can create different images through a styling.

세계의 글로벌화가 신속하게 진행됨에 따라, 환경과 자원적인 측면에서 또 정신적 사회적 측면에서 많은 문제를 야기했다. 이에 사람들은 이러한 경제발전의 중시에서 벗어나 문화적 측면의 중시로 관심을 돌리게 되었다. 그래서 문화발전전략문제는 이제 세계적 관심의 이슈로 되었다. 문화전략은 “인문가치적 이성”을 원칙으로 하여, 화합․심미형․지속발전형․문화계승형․안전형 사회를 구축하는 힘써야한다. 이러한 문화발전전략으로 창출하려는 문화발전 모델은 서구 문화 위주로 발전해온 근대적 모델에서 벗어나, 중국 문화 속에 내재해 있는 유가문화에서 찾아야 한다.

This study has a purpose of suggesting the basic data to achieve customer satisfaction by understanding the preference of each type of restaurant industry for the taste of customers in 20’s referring to 8 images. In the preference for style of image in dining space, the participants responded that they prefer natural, modern and romantic image, and both male and female participants preferred natural image. Participants responded that they prefer natural, romantic and modern in sequence as their general preference for style of image in dining space, and male participants preferred modern and natural but female participants preferred romantic and natural. The survey that was conducted for different menus has suggested that the reasonable image for fast food is casual, hard casual and classic for hotel restaurant, casual for school restaurant, romantic for cafe, casual for western restaurant, simple for Japanese restaurant, classic and elegance for Chinese restaurant and natural for Korean restaurant. According to the result of the analysis of dining space image, factor 1 are called ‘cold image (CI)’ as they have simple and modern image, factor 2 are called ‘soft image (SI)’ as they have natural and romantic image, factor 3 are called ‘warm image (WI)’ as they have casual and elegance image and factor 4 are called ‘hard image (HI)’ as they have classic image.

TiCuNiAl quaternary amorphous alloy was prepared by high-energy ball milling process. A complete amorphization was confirmed for the composition of TiCuNiAl after milling for 30hrs. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a large super-cooled liquid region (T = T T, T and T: glass transition and crystallization onset temperatures, respectively) of 80 K. Prepared amorphous powders of TiCuNiAl were consolidated by spark-plasma sintering. Densification behavior and microstructure changes were investigated. Samples sintered at higher temperature of 713 K had a nearly full density. With increasing the sintering temperature, the compressive strength increased to fracture strength of 756 MPa in the case of sintering at 733 K, which showed a 'transparticle' fracture. The samples sintered at above 693 K showed the elongation maximum above 2%.