The purpose of this study is to inspect the possibility of changing teacher-centered language learning into learner-centered one emphasizing learner’s interaction with self-directed learning contents available on-line for high school students. This study is to develop onㆍoff blended contents and apply them into classroom environment. It also discusses the kind of contents teachers and learners want to use. Reading parts for each lesson are usually dealt for three class hours in high schools. So it is designed that the first and the third period are done through off-line classroom and the second, on-line. Well-linked with the first and third period, on-line contents for the second period were designed, developed and applied into educational environment. More than expected number of teachers and learners were pleased with on-line contents reaching 80~90% of high level in satisfaction and also showed 65% reaching learners’ interaction rate in off-line classroom. If on？off blended learning model is well structured based on enough researches, it will realize its strong potential as a desirable learning model for reading.

This study is to investigate the relationship between teaching and testing restricted on English listening comprehension processing. 726 listening activities in three textbooks of High School English and 80 questions in four nationwide English listening comprehension tests for high-school first grades were analyzed and classified into micro-skill categories of top-down, bottom-up and interactive processing. The results revealed that the tests put emphasis on the top-down processing in contrast to overemphasis of the textbooks on the bottom-up processing, whereas interactive processing took up a small portion both in the textbooks and tests. While the number of questions requiring bottom-up processing reduced in the tests, all the questions of bottom-up processing were focused only on one specific micro-skill, comprehending details. Further, despite diverse demonstrations of top-down micro-skills, each micro-skill question for top-down processing in the tests took some specific forms, which might lead students only to studying for preparation for the specific forms rather than for enhancing general comprehension abilities. Further pedagogical suggestions and implications for listening teaching were suggested.

이 논문은 現行고등학교 한문교과서의 史的變遷을 살펴본 논문이다.주로 제1차 敎育課程期부터 제7차 교육과정기까지 한문교과서의 體制,單元配列,한자 한자어의 主題別단원 構成등에 대한 比較分析檢討,바람직한 한문교과서의 방향 등을 연구한 논문이다.현행 한문교과서의 史的변천에 대한 內容을 要約整理하면 다음과 같다.1.漢文敎科書의 體制1)內的體制의 變遷:한문교과서의 編次는 單純편차 방식에서 多段階편차 방식으로 增大擴大되어 왔다.2)外的體制의 變遷:한문교과서의 외적체제(版型,活字및 활자 크기,用紙,色度등)도 많은 변천 과정을 가져 왔다.(1)版型:제1차 교육과정기〜제6차 교육과정기까지 菊版이 사용되다가,제7차 교육과정기부터는 4․6배판이 사용되고 있다.(2)活字:교육과정기가 거듭될수록 활자는 輕便字母活字에서 원도활자로,전산식자체에서 CAP시스템으로 발전을 거듭하였으며,色度도 單色에서 7차 교육시기에는 2도로 발전을 하였다.(3)用紙(紙質):본문에 사용된 용지는 갱지→미색 갱지→중질지(서적지)→서적지로 발전을 가져 왔으며,표지에 사용된 용지는 갱지→모조지→백상지→엠보싱으로 발전을 가져 왔다. 2.單元配列1)全體單元體系:제1차 시기에는 교과서에 한자․한자어 영역의 小單元구성을 하고 있지 않았고,제2차〜제4차 시기에는 전체 교과서 중에 몇 종만이 大單元과 소단원을 구성하는 체계를 가지고 있었고,나머지 교과서들은 소단원 구성을 하고 있었다.제5차〜제7차시기까지 거의 모든 교과서가 대단원을 구성하고 있었다.2)漢字․漢字語領域單元體系:제1차 시기에는 교과서에 한자․한자어 영역의 소단원을 구성한 교과서는 한 군데도 없었으며,제2차 시기에서 제4차시기까지에는 생활 ‘한자어’가 주를 이루었다.제5차 이후에는 현대에서 만들어진 成語및 故事成語가 ‘한자․한자어’영역에 점점 내용이 증가 되었으며,7차 교육과정 시기에는 ‘성어,고사성어에 관한 내용이 증가되었다.3)敎育課程單位時間配當:한문과 교육과정 단위 시간에 알맞은 대단원과 소단원의 수는 <한문>이 4단위일 경우에는 68시간 내에 가능한 소단원 수는 29개 미만이어야 하고,바람직한 대단원 수는 6～8개이며,1개의 대단원 속에 소단원수는 3～4개 정도가 알맞다.<한문>이 8단위일 경우에는 136시간 내에 가능한 소단원 수는 57개 미만이어야 하고,바람직한 대단원 수는 10～14개이며,1개의 대단원 속에 소단원수는 4～5개 정도가 알맞다.3.漢字․漢字語의 主題別單元構成제1차시기부터 제7차시기까지 한자․한자어 영역의 내용을 이루는 主題는 入學式,祖國,文化,敎育,國土,民族,科學,經濟,民主社會,環境등을 포함하여 모두 38개의 주제로 다양하게 구성되고 있다.

In general, it is fact that most educational institutions have lots of problems about shift of education facility and equipment because of insufficient budget. However, most high school girls live a lot of period in the school and most of them wear student uniform. Thus, it is necessary that educational environment has to be improved by actual body size of high school girls. The main objective of this study is to provide numerical guideline for the improvement of educational environment about high school girls (17~19 years) through comparison and analysis on physical standard of nation (report published in 1997). The sample for this work chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years (2003~2004). In order to analyze feature of the somatotype of high school girls, analysis was performed about 734 subjects on 25 body parts such as height (7 parts), width (4 parts), thickness (4 parts), circumference (5 parts), length (4 parts) and body weight. For the specific comparison on somatotype, Rohrer index and Mollison's comparison graph were used. The result of this study can be utilized in various fields such as design of classroom, student uniforms, facilities and equipments for education, etc.

The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze their opinions to found solutions for reducing safety accidents since it is important to educate the students to recognize the importance of safety. We surveyed 350 students from mechanical and metal engineering departments of an engineering high school located in Seoul, and divided them in two categories and asked them about prevention of safety accidents in laboratories. It is found that further directions and educations are needed for the students as to emergency measures in case of safety accidents. Safety education before laboratory classes is crucial, helpful and effective for prevention of safety accidents. Facility factors that further education is needed for students who don't experiments in orderly manner.

The main objective of this study is to suggest the new sizing system proper to the boys in the high school students by classifying their somatotype for the development of educational environment and uniform. The sample for this work was chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years (2003~2004). In order to analyze feature of the somatotype of boys in the high school students, analysis was performed about 479 subjects on 37 body parts such as height (9 parts), width (5 parts), thickness (6 parts), circumference (7 parts), length (8 parts), body weight and Rohrer Index. The result of this study can be utilized in various fields such as design of classroom, student uniforms, facilities and equipments for education at high school and university, etc.

The purpose of this study collected and analyzed their opinions to found solutions for reducing safety accidents since it is important to educate the students to recognize the importance of safety. We surveyed 350 students from mechanical and metal engineering departments of an engineering high school located in Seoul, and divided them in two categories and asked them about prevention of safety accidents in laboratories. Educational factors found that further directions and educations are needed for the students as to emergency measures in case of safety accidents. Safety education before laboratory classes in crucial, helpful and effective for prevention of safety accidents. Facility factors that further education is needed for students who don't experiments in orderly manner.

The purpose of the present study is to help the high school English teachers develop insights into communicative grammar instruction. In order to examine what the teachers do in their grammar instruction, the study analyzed five video-taped high school English classes. From the analyses it was found that despite all the efforts made by the educational policy to implement the communicative language teaching, the high school English teachers" grammar instruction today is hardly different from the traditional one. What the teachers basically do in their grammar instruction is to explain the grammar points, translate the sentences, and include some mechanical drills. Based on the findings, the study concludes that the high school English teachers lack knowledge and techniques necessary to teach the target language grammar more communicatively. It is suggested that in order to make their grammar instruction more effective in developing the communicative language ability in the students, the teachers need to reduce the time to explain grammar points and increase the time to engage the students in the meaningful use of the target structure. An example of the grammar instruction is provided to help the teachers.

In eliciting pragmatics data from a particular learner group, selecting an adequate elicitation method is crucial because different populations react differently to different methods. The present study compared the cartoon discourse completion test (DCT) and the written DCT in eliciting requests from Korean high school students. One hundred high school 2nd graders participated in this investigation. The cartoon DCT group and the written DCT group were each asked to write down what they would say in specific situations. The data was analyzed in terms of response length, strategy types of the head act, external modification, politeness marker and vocabulary. The results showed that the cartoon DCT group significantly produced more words than the written DCT group. In terms of strategy types of head acts, the cartoon DCT group was more direct utilizing the highest percentage of Mood derivable and the lowest of Hints. In addition, the cartoon DCT group produced data closer to a spoken discourse in terms of external modification. That is, the categories of Confirmation check, Introducing oneself, and Hesitation, which are features usually shown in the oral interaction, appeared only in the cartoon DCT data. Also, compared to the written DCT, the cartoon DCT yielded a wider range of external modification use. As for the use of the politeness marker, please, the cartoon DCT group produced a higher number of the marker, and showed a pattern for using it under the social factors embedded in the scenarios while the written DCT group did not. The findings imply that the cartoon DCT is more effective to elicit richer and more real conversation-like speech acts from high school students.

이 연구는 고등학교 지구과학 탐구활동에서 2가지 수업유형에 따라 나타나는 학생들의 반성적 탐구의 특징을 알아봄으로써 수업의 맥락에서 학생들의 반성적 탐구의 실제를 이해하고, 탐구활동 수업에서 반성적 탐구를 촉진하기 위한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 기존의 탐구활동수업과 본 연구에서 개발한 반성적 탐구활동수업에서 반성적 탐구의 차이를 조사한 결과 반성적 탐구를 촉진하기 위해 개발된 반성적 탐구활동수업은 자료맥락의 다양한 요소와 연결된 반성적 탐구진술이 많아, 반성적 탐구의 양적 및 다양성의 측면에서 학생들의 반성적 탐구에 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 이러한 결과로부터 학생들의 반성적 탐구를 활성화시키는 탐구활동 수업개발의 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.

제주지역 초 • 중 · 고생 1383명을 대상으로 하여 안경 장용율， 시력검사 장소， 안경 교체시기 · 비용 · 이유， 안경장용과 거주지역간의 상관성 등에 관하여 설문조사를 실 시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조사 대상자의 573 명 (41 .43%) 에 해당하는 학생이 시력교정을 위해서 안경을 장 용하는 것으로 조사되었다. 이들 안경장용 학생의 학년별 분포를 조사한 결과， 학년이 높아질수록 안경장용율이 증가하고 있음을 확인하였다(초등학생 21.40%, 중학생 45.33%, 고등학생 50.73%). 2. 안경교체시기에 대해 초 · 중 · 고생 공통적으로 6개월 이상 -1 년 미만이 가장 많 은 비율을 차지하고 있었다(초등학생 43.83%, 중학생 52.02%, 고등학생 59.21%). 3. 안경교체이유는 시력변화가 54.62%, 테 · 렌즈 파손이 28.97%, 안경을 바꾸고 싶 어서가 14.66%, 기타 1.75% 순으로 조사되었다. 4. 안경 교체시 사용비용은 전체 학생의 48.17% 에 해당하는 학생이 30，000원 이상 50，000원 미만의 금액을 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 학생들은 해당 학년에 서， 초등학생은 32.87%, 중학생은 43.50%, 고등학생은 55.96%로 나타났다. 5. 안경 구입시 안경태와 안경렌즈의 상대적인 중요도에 관한 질문에 대해서는 둘 다 중요하다고 응답한 경우가 가장 많았다. 6. 안경을 장용한다고 응답한 학생들을 대상으로， 현재 사용중인 안경의 시력검안 장소에 관한 질문에 대해 초등학생은 안과에서， 중 · 고생은 안경원에서 시력검 사를 받는 학생의 비율이 더 높게 나타났다. 7. 안경 장용 학생의 지역별 분포를 조사한 결과， 제주시가 45.03%로 가장 많았으 며 서귀포시 (26.35%) ， 북제주군 (14.66%) ， 남제주군 (13.96%) 순으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects on the physical skills, the attitude toward physical education classes, and the social interaction of students by applying the cooperative learning model, in which the active learners who have cooperat

This study examined the relation between sports involvement and delinquency of youth, showed the role and benefits of participation in sports and provided data for establishing sports activity programs to lessen delinquency. Sports involvement was classified into behavioral, affective and cognitive involvement and delinquency into public order, property, position, relationship and seclusion to examine the level of Participation in Sports and delinquency according to demographical variables and to what extent Participation in Sports may influence in deterring delinquency. Research was conducted on 602 urban and rural middle school and high school students, and questionnaire survey from papers (Koo, Changmo(1991), Kwon, Soonyong(1992), Ryu Inwon(2003), Oh, Yonghwan(1998), Lee,Yongsoon(2002)) were referred to and modified for the purpose of this study. Collected data was computerized through SPSS program by One-way Anova and Multiple Regression Analysis to draw the following results. First, from the demographical aspect of sports involvement definitional aspect showed the highest involvement followed by cognitive and active aspects. In detail, boys than girls, junior-high than high schools, and urban than rural residents demonstrated greater participation in sports. Upper class students had higher level of involvement than in middle or low class, and students with parents who supported sports participation were more likely to be involved in sports than those without. Most number of students participated in sports whose parents had administrative occupation and least of those with specialized professions. Second, from the demographical aspect delinquency of position showed the highest level followed by that of public order, relationship, seclusion, and property. Boys showed higher level of delinquency especially in public order and position level. Compared to junior-high students high school students showed higher level of delinquency in all aspects, and rural residents appeared to be more delinquent than urban residents. The lower the living standard gets, the more it was likely for the students to be delinquent. Students with parents who opposed to sports involvement showed higher level of delinquency than students with those who agreed, and greatest level of delinquency showed on the students whose parents were unemployed and lowest level on the students whose parents had administrative occupation. Third, affective involvement aspect of participation in sports with mostly favorable effects had greatest influences on delinquency level bringing self-esteem for the youth, then followed the behavioral involvement and cognitive involvement. In detail, delinquencies of public order, position, property and seclusion were influenced mostly by affective involvement followed by the behavioral involvement and least by cognitive involvement. Whereas delinquency of relationship was mostly influenced by affective involvement followed by cognitive involvement and least by behavioral involvement. Collective results show that demographical aspects and participation in sports have influences on the delinquency level and that participation in sports plays an important role in deterring and lessen delinquency.

The purpose of this study is to re-examine the actual conditions of operation of classes on selective physical education subjects and provide basic data for effective operation of such subjects by understanding the degrees of high school students' recogni

The aim of this study is, by examining physical teachers' understanding of curriculum for managing advanced optional subjects of physical education, organizing and managing of the subjects, and the reality of class management and evaluation, to reflect pi

Reducing the logistic cost may be accomplished by numbers of logistic management methods, but the most fundamental and essential one is the accomplishment of the consistent reverse logistics system that is the core of worker performance system, and the purpose of consistent reverse system is the treatment of logistic functions such as transportation, storage and unloading with consistent logistics, and increasing the turnover ratio is required for the improvement of the system. As the turnover ratios is increased, this paper make reverse worker performance evaluation system with lifetime value include of weight variables.

This study was performed by questionnaire to investigate the preference and satisfaction on the menu of school foodservice of high school students. This study aims at providing useful information to establish subdivided menu developing direction. The subjects were consisted of 637 high school students(435 males and 202 females, 5 direct type schools and 5 trust type schools) in Gyeongju area. The results of this study were: The preferred school foodservice menu of subjects was 'seasoned roast chicken', 'steamed pork rib', 'beef rib soup', 'yogurt', 'sandwiches', 'boiled rice with assorted mixtures', 'boiled rice', 'watermelon', 'spaghetti' in that other. On the other hand, the preference for 'spinach soybean soup', 'steamed Mideodeok', 'boiled lotus root', 'roasted sweetpotato stalk', 'chopped and seasoned cucumber' was very low. Males favoured rice and meats, while females liked better noodles and vegetables. Direct type foodservice students' preference scores were higher than those of type foodservice students in side dish menu categories. The preferred and satisfied menu of subjects was meats and sweet foods, and but the preference and satisfaction for vegetables and tough foods was very low.

The purpose of this study were to investigate middle and high school students' food habits and food attitudes, and to assess student's nutrient consumption. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on review of literature. The questionnaire consisted of three sections (food habits, food attitudes, and food consumption). The questionnaires were distributed to 4,050 students enrolled in 34 middle and high schools located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gyeongnam provinces. A final response rate was 88.2% (3,570) excluding responses that had significant missing data. Data of the food habits and food attitudes were analyzed with descriptive analysis, 2-test, and t-test using SPSS WIN(ver.11.0). The student's self-reported food consumption data was converted into nutrient consumption using conversion factor. Many middle and high school students skipped breakfast and/or dinner. Approximately 29% of the students did not eat vegetables and fruits. Scores of the middle school student's attitudes(19.1) towards foods were significantly higher than those of the high school student's attitudes(18.7)(p〈.001). Student's nutrient intakes were estimated according to the student's self-reported food consumption data. The nutrient intakes were compared with DRIs(Dietary Reference Intakes: DRIs) for their age groups. The result of EAR(Estimated Average Requirement: EAR) cut-point method demonstrated 57.7% of middle school boys, 64.4% of middle school girls, 70.2% of high school boys, and 71.0% of high school girls did not meet EAR for Calcium. Additionally, it showed that 39.0% of middle school boys, 23.7% of middle school girls, 58.4% of high school boys, and 24.4% of high school girls did not consume EAR for Vitamin B1. 25.7% of middle school boys did not meet EAR for Vitamin B2, while 44.4% high school boys did not satisfy EAR for Vitamin B2.

This study aims to investigate the effects of various types of input modification on English listening comprehension by Korean high school students. The participants of the study were assigned to three different types of listening input: one time listening, repetitive listening, and elaboration. They listened to five types of genres such as descriptive, narrative, comparison/contrast, causal/evaluation, and problem/solution This study examined how these different types of input and genres affect the students’ listening comprehension in terms of comprehension of main ideas and details, and inference, The results of the study revealed that different types of input modification and repetition influenced the students’ listening comprehension. For instance, repetitive listening and elaboration did not have a significant effect on the high-level students’ listening comprehension, whereas these types of input resulted in improvement in the low-level students’ listening comprehension. In addition, different input types had effects on the students’ listening comprehension according to the students’ proficiency levels. On the basis of the results, some pedagogical implications on the teaching of listening skills are presented.