The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of "relationship formation factors" in inter-firm relations and to empirically demonstrate that they are effective in improving the relationship results by means of an mediating variable. Therefore, the basic model of this study consists of the independent, mediating, and dependent variables. First, the independent variables, that is, the relationship formation factors, are further classified into three components. transactional, relational, and environmental characteristics. Then, the study empirically examines how each of the three components influences the dependent variable. that is, the business performance(Load Factor), by way of the mediating variables, that is, trust and relationship commitment.

본 연구는 선박용 레이더로부터 디지털 신호처리보드를 통하여 영상신호를 획득하고, 일련의 디지털 신호처리 및 영상신호 분석을 통하여 선박에서 실시간으로 파향 및 파장 등의 파랑정보를 측정하기 위한 기법을 개발하고자 하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 영상신호 분석영역 을 사용자가 직접 설정하는 기존의 방법을 개선하여 분석영역을 자동으로 설정하는 기법 및 2차원 이산 푸리에 변환을 이용한 파향분석 알고리즘에 대하여 논하였다. 그리고, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 파향분석 알고리즘의 유효성을 검증하였고, 기초실험으로 다양한 해상환경에서 X밴드 레이더로 획득한 13개의 영상신호에 대하여 파향정보 분석 결과를 예시하였다.

해상수송의 안전성을 개선하는 하나의 수란으로서, 해상풍 정보로부터 예정 항로상에서 조우하게될 파랑정보를 높은 정밀도로 예측하여 단시간에 본선에 제공할 수 있는 시스템을 개발할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이의 제1단계로서 대양에서의 다방향 불규칙파 예측을 위한 파랑추산모델을 제시하였다. 검토방법으로는 과거 실제 해역에서 발생한 황천에 기인한 선박 침몰사고를 대상으로 선박의 항행 일정에 따른 해상풍의 분석 및 파랑추산시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 이로부터 사고 선박이 조우한 해상을 평가하고 모델의 재현성 및 정도를 검토하였다. 연구비 결과, 사고 선박은 침몰사고의 원인이 Okhotsk해에서 발달한 저기압에 의해 급속히 성장한 고파랑 해역을 회피하지 못하여 발생한 것에 있음을 명백히 하였으며, 본 계산에 이용한 제3세대 파랑추산모델(WAM)로부터의 결과는 실제 관측 파랑의 유의파고, 주기, 방향 스펙트럼 등 항행관련의 파랑제원과 잘 부합되었으며, 실용 선박에서의 예측시스템 구축에 적용성이 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

오염물질 확산모델링시 기존의 유한차분모델의 단점을 보완하기 위해 입자추적법이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Princeton Ocean Model에 결합하여 사용할 수 있는 3차원 입자추적모델을 개발하였으며 이를 다양한 수치실험을 통해 검증하였다. 또한 미국 플로리다 주 템파만의 해양방류구 모델링에 적용하므로써 모델의 유용성을 확인하였다. 예상대로 입자추적모델은 기존의 유한차분모델에 비해 적은 확산범위를 나타내었으며, 이는 기존의 유한차분모델이 안고 있는 수치확산에 따른 오차로 추정된다. 새로이 개발된 모델은 다양한 해양확산모델링에 유용하게 응용될 것으로 기대된다.

Variations in phytoplankton concentrations result from changes of the ocean color caused by phytoplankton pigments. Thus, ocean spectral reflectance for low chlorophyll waters are blue and high chlorophyll waters tend to have green reflectance. In the Korea region, clear waters and the open sea in the Kuroshio regions of the East China Sea have low chlorophyll. As one moves even closer to the northwestern part of the East China Sea, the situation becomes much more optically complicated, with contributions not only from higher concentrations of phytoplankton, but also from sediments and dissolved materials from terrestrial and sea bottom sources. The color often approaches yellow-brown in the turbidity waters (Case Ⅱ waters). To verify satellite ocean color retrievals, or to develop new algorithms for complex case Ⅱ regions requires ship-based studies. In this study, we compared the chlorophyll retrievals from NASA's SeaWiFS sensor with chlorophyll values determined with standard fluorometric methods during two cruises on Korean NFRDI ships. For the SeaWiFS data, we used the standard NASA SeaWiFS algorithm to estimate the chlorophyll a distribution around the Korean waters using Orbview/ SeaWiFS satellite data acquired by our HPRT station at NFRDI. We studied to find out the relationship between the measured chlorophyll a from the ship and the estimated chlorophyll a from the SeaWiFS satellite data around the northern part of the East China Sea, in February, and May, 2000. The relationship between the measured chlorophyll_a and the SeaWiFS chlorophyll_a shows following the equations (1) in the northern part of the East China Sea. Chlorophyll_a=0.121Ln(X) + 0.504, R2 = 0.73 (1) We also determined total suspended sediment mass (SS) and compared it with SeaWiFS spectral band ratio. A suspended solid algorithm was composed of in-situ data and the ratio (LWN(490 nm)/LWN(555 nm)) of the SeaWiFS wavelength bands. The relationship between the measured suspended solid and the SeaWiFS band ratio shows following the equation (2) in the northern part of the East China Sea. SS=-0.703 Ln(X) + 2.237, R2 = 0.62 (2) In the near future, NFRDI will develop algorithms for quantifying the ocean color properties around the Korean waters, with the data from regular ocean observations using its own research vessels and from three satellites, KOMPSAT/OSMI, Terra/MODIS and Orbview/SeaWiFS.

A demand of marine outfall system has been much increased for the effective disposal of the wastewater due to population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into the coastline, or at the deep water, or between these two. The discharge is carried out by constructing a pipeline on the sea bed with a diffuser or with a tunnel, risers and appropriate. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. Thus there have been growing interests about plume behaviour around the outfall system. Plume or jet discharged from single-port or multi-port diffuser might cause certain impacts on coastal environment. Near field mixing characteristics of discharged water field using CORMIX model have been studied for effective outfall design various conditions on ambient current, depth, flow rate, effluent concentration, diffuser specification, port specification etc.. This kind of analysis is necessary to deal with water quality problems caused by the ocean discharge. The analyzed result was applied to the Pusan Jungang effluent outfall system plan.

The amount of municipal water has been increased rapidly up to now and it is necessary to treat and dispose the wastewater effectively. The recent trend of the effluent disposal system, after treatment, show a nearshore discharge which has an outfall with length somewhere between the shoreline discharge and an extended deepwater outfall. There is no universal solution to municipal water treatment and disposal and each case must be examined on its merits and on economic, technical and environmental bases. In this study we focused mostly on the scientific and engineering aspects of ocean disposal through the outfall. For this purpose, we made an investigation to the near-field characteristics of discharged water and made some comparison with the existing experimental results. We also applied it to the Pusan Jungang Effluent Outfall System, which is planned to build in the Gamchun harbour and will be completed in 2011. The model output showed the trajectoral variation of dilution and mixing behavior for three cases of outfall system. Dilution differences have been simulated and found the highest dilution condition under the different displacement of outfall system. On the basis of these outputs it will be proposed the optimum outfall system type and location.

밀도성층화된 흐름 수역으로 방류되는 부력제트에 의한 초기확산을 해석하기 위하여 수치모형을 적용하였다. 수치모형은 제트적분모형으로서 흐름수역의 원역에서의 대표적 특성으로 밝혀진 쌍와흐름특성을 모형에 반영한 Gaussian-vortex모형이다. 수치모형의 현장 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 수표면에서의 초기희석에 대한 관측이 수행된 6개의 해양방류관에 수치모형을 적용하였다. 현장관측자료에 대한 수치모형의 적용결과, 개발된 수치모형이 하수확산관에 의해 해양으로 방

Simulation model for diffusion of oil spill is developed. The model can perform real time simulation in the case of oil spill accident in the ocean. The model consists of three dimensional ocean circulation model and model for diffusion of oil spill. Real time flow fields which are used in the calculation of advection of oil spill are obtained in the three dimensional ocean circulation model. The model for diffusion of oil spill includes the evaporation dissolution emulsification and downward diffusion. For the verification of the model it is applied to the oil spill from the accident of Sea Prince. The results shows good agreement.

The ocean wave is hydrodynamically investigated to get more reliable solution. To improve the computational accuracy more fine grids are used with relatively less computer storage on the free surface. One element of the free surface is discretized into more fine grids because the free-surface waves are much affected by the grid size in the finite difference scheme. Here the multi-grid method is applied to confirm the efficiency for the S103 ship model by solving the Navier-Stokes equation for the turbulent flows. According to the computational result approximately 30% can be improved in the free surface generation, Finally the limiting streamlines show numerical result is similar to the experiment by twin tuft.

수영하수처리장 방류수의 해중방류법과 3차 처리 시설 설치의 비용분석을 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 해안에서 4km 거리와 관경을 2m의 해중방류법을 이용한 수용만의 수질을 개선시키는데 소요되는 해중방류관 건설비용은 383억 원이 소요되는 것으로 산출되었다. 2) 수영하수처리장의 유출수를 해중방류관을 통해서 방류할 경우 방류수심을 32m, Diffuser의 길이를 200m로 할 경우의 초기희석배율은 유속에 따라서 56.4∼399.2으로 계산되었다. 3) 질소를 제거하기 위한 순환법의 경우의 20년 동안의 총 비용은 1,364억 원, 인을 제거하기 위한 응집제 첨가 활성슬러지법은 1,010억 원, 해중방류법은 383억 원으로 해중방류법이 3차 처리시설을 설치하는 비용보다 약 2.6∼3.5배 비용을 적게 소요하는 것으로 산출되었다. 4) 해중방류법을 이용할 경우의 수영만의 수질영향을 예측하기 위해서 물질순환모델을 이용하여 예측한 결과 수영만의 수질이 COD, 용존무기질소(DIN)와 용존무기인(DIP)의 전 항목에서 해역환경 II등급을 만족하는 것으로 예측되었다.

A digital image processing technique which is able to be used for getting the velocity vector distribution of a surface of the spilt oil in the ocean without contacting the flow itself. This technique is based upon the PIV(Particle Imaging Velocimetry) technique and its system mainly consists of a high sensitive camera, a CCD camera, an image grabber, and a host computer in which an image processing algorithm is adopted for velocity vector acquisition. For the acquisition of the advective velocity vector of floating matters on the ocean, a new multi-frame tracking algorithm is proposed, and for the acquisition of the diffusion velocity vector distribution of the spilt oil onto the water surface, a high sensitive gray-level cross-correlation algorithm is proposed.

샌프란시스코 해양방류의 근영역거동에 대한 현장 및 실험연구는 유량조건과 해양조건을 만족하는 것으로 다공확산관에 의한 해양방류의 전형적인 유형이라 할 수 있다. 특히 실험자료들은 현장시험을 모의한 밀도층을 갖는 견인수조로부터 얻어진 것이다. 이들 자료를 이용한 폐수영역거동의 모형연구는 최소희석률, 회종희석높이 및 희석두께를 수리 및 수학적 모형인 UM모형, UDKHDEN모형, RSB모형과 CORMIX 모형을 이용한 예측치와 실측치를 비교 분석하였다. 수리

The present study intends to investigate the transient response of an atmosphere/ocean general circulation model to a gradual increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. To detect the climatic change of the surface air temperature due to gradual increasing carbon dioxide for 100 years, two runs of GFDL CGCM for 1 % CO_2 run with increasing CO_2 and the control run with fixed CO_2 are compared. From results it is noted that the transient response of surface air temperature is more increased over the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere. However, in Northern Hemisphere the transient response of the surface air temperature due to the gradual increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide is slowly increased with latitudes and is clearly larger over continents than oceans. The annual global mean temperature is continuously increased with 0.03552 per one year with strong S/N ratio and distinguished from the natural variability. The time dependent response of the gradual increasing CO_2 has the strong seasonal variability with small change in summer and large change in winter, and the strong regionality in the Asian and the American continents. It has been suggested that the direct and the feedback processes in the climate systems should be investigated by the detailed sensitivity runs to get the meaningful estimate of the CO_2 forced variability.

A digital image processing technique which is able to be used for getting the velocity vector distribution of a surface of the spilt oil in the ocean without contacting the flow itself. This technique is based upon the PIV(Particle Imaging Velocimetry) technique and its system mainly consists of a high sensitive camera, a CCD camera, an image grabber, and a host computer in which an image processing algorithm is adopted for velocity vector acquisition. For the acquisition of the advective velocity vector of floating matters on the ocean, a new multi-frame tracking algorithm is proposed, and for the acquisition of the diffusion velocity vector distribution of the spilt oil onto the water surface, a high sensitive gray-level cross-correlation algorithm is proposed.

To investigate characteristics of biogeochemical environment of the Korea Deep Ocean Study(KODOS) area in the northeast Pacific Ocean, we preferentially measured inorganic nutrients and fluorescent organic matters. Typically, the permanent thermocline was well developed at the depth of 200∼1000m in the study area. Nitrate, phosphate and silicate were low in the surface mixed layer and increased with depth. N/P and N/Si showed 15 and 0.2 respectively in the deeper layer. Two fluorophores, biomacromolecule(protein-like) and geomacromolecule (humic-like), were observed by three dimensional fluorescence excitation/emission spectra matrix. Biomacromolecule(maximum fluorescence at Ex_280nm/Em_330nm) ranged from 41.9 to 147.0 TU with its maximum in the surface mixed layer and minimum in deeper water. This is a same trend that has been reported for DOC in the equatorial Pacific. This suggests that biomacromolecule might be labile and converted to refractory humic substance after bacterial degradation in the deeper layer. On the contrary, geomacromolecule(maximum fluorescence at Ex_330nm/Em_430), ranged from 7.6 to 46.5 QSU, showed minimum in the surface mixed layer(euphotic zone) implying photodegradation and then increased with depth at all stations. In the characteristics of vertical profiles, the relationship between biomacromolecule and geomacromolecule showed negative correlation. Such trend can be attributed to biochemical regeneration or formation of fluorescent materials accompanying oxidation and remineralization of settling organic matter.

The atmospheric responses to a Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly(SSTA) over the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean have been investigated using the horizontally fine resolution model based on OSU 2-layer Atmospheric General Circulation Model(AGCM). The SSTAs during the peak phase of 1982-83 El Nin∼o have been applied to the model as the boundary conditions of the experiment. The model simulates the eastward movement of the rising branch of the Walker circulation. That is, the major features associated with the El Nin∼no such as the increase of the precipitation rate over the center of the Pacific and decrease over the Indonesia, and the 500hPa geopotential height anomaly in the middle latitude are properly described in the fine resolution model experiment. The model results indicate that this horizontally fine resolution GCM can successfully simulate the ENSO anomalies and be more effectivelly used for the study of the climate and the climate changes.