To control the disease of root rot in ginseng nursery, inorganic sulfur solution of 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% were irrigated by amount of 10ℓ per 3.3m2 before sowing. On the last ten days of July, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were similarly detected by 44.8% and 43.8%, respectively, while Cylindrocarpon destructans was low detected by 4.4% in the diseased seedling. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more soil pH was decreased. Soil pH was decreased from 5.87 to 4.59 by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more electrical conductivity (EC) of soil was increased. EC was increased from 0.27 dS/m to 1.28 dS/m by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. Irrigation of sulfur solution was effective on the inhibition of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in ginseng seedling. Control value for damping-off by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0% and 2.0% were 75.7%, and 78.5%, respectively. Growth of leaf was inhibited by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 2.0%. Root weight per 3.3m2 showed the peak in sulfur solution of 1.0%, while survived-root ratio and root weight per plant were decreased in the level of 2.0%. Survived-root ratio of seedling in sulfur solution of 1.0% was distinctly increased by 4.7 times compare to the control, but control value for root rot was relatively low as 49.2%. Mycelium growth of C. destructans, F. solani, and R. solani were distinctly inhibited by the increase of sulfur's concentration in vitro culture using PDA medium.

콘크리트용 무기계 방수제는 내부 막을 형성하지 않기 때문에 무기계 방수제의 침투깊이 정량적으로 평가하기 어렵다. 그러나 무기계 방수제의 침투깊이 평가는 일관된 침투효율을 확보하는데 있어서 매우 중요한 평가지표 중 하나이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 콘크리트용 무기계 방수제의 침투깊이 측정방법을 고안하였으며, 고안된 침투깊이 측정방법을 통하여 기존 무기계 방수제의 침투깊이를 평가하였다. 실험결과 고안된 무기계 방수제의 침투깊이 측정방법을 통하여 평가된 침투깊이는 90% 이상의 신뢰성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

시멘트 모르타르 및 콘크리트는 재료를 비교적 쉽게 구할 수 있고 형상가공이 용이하고, 압축력과 내구성 우수, 안정한 구조물의 시공이 가능한 장점을 가지고 있어 건축재료로서 가장 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 휨 및 인장강도, 접착성, 내약품성 등이 약한 결점을 가지고 있어 이를 보완하기위한 연구들이 진행되고 있으며, 폐기물을 이용한 에코시멘트, 고기능성 시멘트, 강도와 내구성이 뛰어난 시멘트의 개발을 시도하고 있다. 국내에서는 산업부산물을 활용한 무기결합재에 관한 연구는 아직 미미한 상태이며, 대학, 연구소 및 시멘트 업계를 중심으로 산업부산물 10 ~ 40%를 치환 사용하는 혼합시멘트에 관한 연구가 수행되어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 국내의 K사에서 생산되는 SBR폴리머를 사용하여 제작한 비소성 무기결합재 폴리머와 폴리머를 사용하지 않은 보통 시멘트 모르타르와의 강도특성에 대한 비교 시험을 실시하였다. 본 논문의 연구 내용은 다음과 같다. 1) 실험방법 1종류의 액상 폴리머를 사용하여 비소성 무기결합재 폴리머 비를 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%로 달리하여 제작한 비소성 무기 결합재 폴리머의 물성 비교를 위해 플로우를 170±5 mm로 유지하여 일정한 작업성을 확보 하였다. 이와 같이 제조한 비소성 무기 결합재 폴리머의 휨강도, 압축강도에 대해 28일 강도를 측정하여 보통 시멘트 모르타르와 비교하였다. 2) 비소성 무기 결합재 폴리머의 휨강도 및 압축강도 특성 비소성 무기 결합재 폴리머의 휨강도 및 압축강도는 보통 시멘트 모르타르와 비교하여 개선되는 모습을 나타냈다. 강도는 폴리머 함유랑의 증가에 따라 꾸준히 증가하였으며, A와 B는 폴리머 무기결합재 비 15%에서 최대값을 나타내고 있고, C는 무기결합재는 20%에서 최대값을 나타냈다. 압축강도도 휨강도와 마찬가지로 비소성 무기 결합재폴리머의 성능이 보통 시멘트 모르타르의 압축강도에 비해 개선되었다. 세 종류의 무기결합재 모두 폴리머 시멘트 비 15%에서 최대값을 나타냈다.

화력발전소에서 석탄을 이용하여 에너지를 생산하는 연소방식에는 크게 미분탄 연소방식과 순환 유동층 연소방식으로 구분된다. 순환 유동층 연소방식은 기존 연소로에는 적합하지 않은 고유황탄, 저품위탄, 폐기물 등 모든 가연성 물질에 대하여 광범위한 원료 사용이 가능하다. 또한, 질소산화물의 배출을 억제하기 위해 연소로 온도를 약 900℃ 정도로 유지하고 암모니아를 분무하며, 석탄과 석회석을 혼소하여 노(盧) 내에서 직접 탈황을 실시하는 등의 공정관리를 실시하고 있다. 이러한 순환 유동층 연소방식의 석탄재(이하 CFBC-FA)는 화학적 특성이 미분탄 연소방식의 F급 석탄재와는 달리 CaO 화합물이 다량 함유되어 있어 콘크리트 혼화재로 사용할 경우 Free CaO 성분이 콘크리트의 이상 응결현상, 슬럼프의 손실, 지연제의 사용량 증가, 내구성 저하 등의 문제를 발생시키고, 특히 콘크리트의 팽창, 균열　등의 문제를 발생하여 물성을 저하시키는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 전량 매립처리 되고 있어 재활용 방안이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CFBC-FA를 건설재료(콘크리트 구조물 적용 제외)로 활용하기 위해 CFBC-FA의 물리․화학적 특성 분석을 실시하였으며, 고로슬래그와 CFBC-FA를 활용한 무기결합재 물성평가를 실시하였다. 본 실험에 사용한 CFBC-FA는 미분탄 연소방식의 석탄재와는 달리 CaO 함량 32.4%, SO₃ 함량 8.4%로 높았으며, SiO₂ 30.5%, Al₂O₃ 15.9%로 구성되어 있음을 확인하였다. Free CaO 함량은 17.3%, 비중은 2.8, 강열감량은 3.4%, pH는 12.4, 평균입경은 7.23 ㎛로 측정되었으며, 입형은 미분탄 연소방식의 석탄재와 같은 구형이 아닌 부정형임을 확인하였다. 이러한 물성을 지닌 CFBC-FA를 개질처리하여 제조한 결합재의 수화열, 유동성, 강도 측정을 실시하였다. 개질처리한 CFBC-FA의 혼입량이 증가할수록 유동성은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 수화열은 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 수화열의 발열성상은 보통포틀랜드 시멘트 및 슬래그시멘트와 달리 가수 후 2시간 이내에 최고 온도에 도달하고 있음을 확인하였다. 개질처리한 CFBC-FA와 고로슬래그의 혼합비율이 55:45인 결합재와 슬래그 시멘트의 재령7일 압축강도는 각각 12.7 MPa, 17.6 MPa였으며, 28일 압축강도는 30.0 MPa, 29.8 MPa 로 측정되었다.

최근 런던협약 96의정서 발효에 따라 하수 슬러지의 해양투기가 금지되고 환경 정책 강화와 향후 에너지 자원 부족을 대비하기 위해 녹색 성장이 강조되면서 슬러지를 재이용화 및 자원화 시키려는 처리 기술방법들이 개발되고 있다. 하수슬러지 처리 공정의 중점은 발생량의 감량화와 개량화를 통해 탈수 효율을 높이기 위함이며 대표적인 전처리 방법으로 물리적인 방법과 화학적인 방법으로 약품 처리하는 것이 일반화되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 폴리머 응집제를 사용하여 총 4종류의 생, 잉여, 소화, 혼합슬러지에 대해서 적합한 유기 및 무기 응집제를 주입한 후 최적의 응집 조건을 선정하여 최종적으로 슬러지 탈수성의 효율을 비교 및 평가하도록 하였다. 혼합슬러지는 생슬러지와 잉여슬러지를 같은 부피 비율로 혼합하여 제조하였다. 최적의 응집 조건을 선정하기에 앞서 기본적으로 Jar Test 실험을 시행하였으며 200rpm에서 1 ~ 3분 완속 교반, 50rpm에서 5분 급속 교반 조건을 제시하였고, 유기 폴리머와 무기 폴리머 응집제의 단일 및 이액 주입 방식에 따라 응집 반응의 특성을 비교하였다. 실험결과는 슬러지 탈수성 및 최적 응집 조건 선정의 지표로서 응집을 형성시키고 방치 후, 고액 분리를 통해서 상등수의 탁도, pH, ORP, SS, 흡광도 (330nm), floc size와 TTF 실험을 하여 탈수성을 측정하였다. 따라서 응집제 주입 방법에 있어서 유기 응집제의 단일 방식 주입과 무기 응집제를 첨가하여 floc의 응결도를 높이는 이액 주입 방식으로부터 탈수성 효율에 미치는 결과를 본 논문에 나타내었다.

This research was performed to evaluate applicability of cold-mix recycling asphalt concrete, which was modified during recycling process. A maximum size of 25mm reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP) was used in cold-recycle process together with an asphalt emulsion and recycled inorganic binder as a binder.

This study was carried out to investigate the cause of leaf discoloration occurring frequently in paddy cultivation. Chemical property of soil and inorganic nutrient component of leaf were analyzed on abnormal fields of 7 regions where leaf discoloration occurred severely and normal fields of 7 regions among ginseng garden. The pH of abnormal fields was strong acidic condition (pH 5.51) compare to normal fields of slightly acid condition (pH 6.42). Calcium and magnesium content in abnormal fields were lower distinctly than that of normal fields, while EC, organic matter, phosphate, and potassium content showed not distinct difference between abnormal and normal fields. Whereas calcium and magnesium content were distinctly high in normal fields, both of potassium and iron content of ginseng leaf were distinctly high in abnormal fields. In particular, iron content of abnormal fields was more 1.94 times in soil, and 3.03 times in leaf than that of normal fields. In soil chemical property, there were significant negative correlation between leaf discoloration ratio and soil pH, and there were also significant positive correlation between leaf discoloration ratio and iron content. In ginseng leaf, there were highly significant negative correlation between leaf discoloration ratio and calcium content, and there were also highly significant positive correlation between leaf discoloration ratio and iron content.

In this study, corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion rate, and polarization resistance were measured aimed at inorganic inhibitors (passive film type) and organic inhibitors (absorption type). The experiment was conducted using potentiostat for the variable molar ratio and chloride ion concentration of the components of inhibitors in an aqueous solution of saturated calcium hydroxide targeting corrosion. As a result, it was possible to ensure an anticorrosive performance of at least a 1.2 molar ratio of inorganic inhibitors. Also, the organic inhibitors ensured the prevention of the anticorrosive performance of at least about a 0.3 molar ratio. It also showed the tendency that between polarization resistance and corrosion rate, Ecorr and corrosion rate is inversely proportional to the linear. Conversely, the tendency between polarization resistance and Ecorr is proportional to the linear. Also, a distinct difference in organic and inorganic inhibitors’ relationship to Ecorr, corrosion rate, and polarization resistance was not shown.

Heat insulator materials can be classified inorganic and organic. The organic material is due to toxic gas emission, when a fire occurs. And it has lower water resistance. The inorganic material is heavy and worse thermal performance than organic materials. This study focused on evaluation of the physical properties of light-weight inorganic foam panel for using industrial by-products materials and performance evaluation by mock up test.

In this study, in order to comprehend performance of corrosion inhibitor, the experiment study was conducted about corrosion characteristic 3 steps(0.0, 0.6, 1.2) of Chloride by added amount of inorganic(Ca(NO2)2) and organic(DMEA) corrosion inhibitor by the corrosion inhibitor types about 0.6kg/m3, 2.4kg/m3 based on Chloride ion content 1.2kg/m3 for service life prediction of concrete structure by using Poteniostat. As a results, the excellent anti-corrosive performance of organic corrosion inhibitor was seen that absorption types organic corrosion inhibitor has excellent anti-corrosive performance compared to the inorganic nitrous acid corrosion inhibitor by the added amount of corrosion inhibitor

In this study, conducted an experiment for fire-resistance of silicone/inorganic flame retardant composites as fire resistant materials. Thermal characteristic analysis were performed by TGA(Thermogravimetric analysis) and Fire-resistance analysis performed by flame test. Through this study, we realized that the silicone/inorganic flame retardant composites have fire resistance and potential as Fire resistant materials.

Land application of biochar (or charcoal) has increasingly been recognized due to its favorable effect as soil amendments. However, depending upon the nature of biomass and pyrolysis condition, biochar may be rich in hazardous inorganic elements. Giant Miscanthus showed its potential as a promising source for biochar manufacture but, the risk of heavy metal leaching from Giant Miscanthus-derived biochar (GMB) has not investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the heavy metal leachability of GMB manufactured from 3 different temperatures (400, 500, and 700oC). Elemental composition of C, N, H, S, O and 18 metals were analyzed. Leaching concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn was analyzed using 4 different methods (0.1 N HCl, 1 N NH4OAc, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure). For comparison, same analysis were performed for two char materials, municipal solid waste char (MWC) and sewage sludge char (SSC), manufactured from pilot-scale muncipal waste gasification plant. Elemental composition of GMB complied with the fertilizer guideline whereas the several heavy metal content (Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn for MWC, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn for SSC) was beyond the criteria. From leaching test, concentration of heavy metals from GMB was positively increased with pyrolysis temperature and the acidity of extractant solution. Leaching concentration of plant nutrients (Ca, K, and Mg) was the highest by 1N NH4OAc. Meanwhile, leaching concentration of Cu from MWC and Pb from SSC exceeded the regulatory standard of Korea and US EPA, respectively. In conclusion, with respect to the risk of heavy metals, Giant Miscanthus-derived biochar will be suitable for land application as a soil amendment, while care should be taken for using municipal waste-derived char materials.

The management and control of mineral nutrients is one of most important techniques to increase the productivity and the quality of Korean ginseng. The mineral nutrients are measured with different plant tissues and different growth stages of 2-year-old ginseng grown under hydroponic culture with two different temperatures. The content of N, P, Ca, and Mg were higher at low temperature in both leaves and roots than those at high temperature. However, the content of K was high in leaves at low temperature compared to that of high temperature, while it was not significantly different in roots. The uptake amounts of N and K was higher throughout the experimental period at low temperature in both leaves and roots than those at high temperature. However, the uptake amount of P was not clearly different between two different temperatures and among six different growth stages. The uptake amount of N, P, K was generally decreased in leaves from June to August, while it was increased in roots. The relationship between dry weight and mineral nutrients in leaves was appeared positive with N, K, Ca, and Mg, but negative P. In roots, N, K, Ca, and Mg were negative, showing that was positive with only P. Comparing the correlation coefficients among mineral nutrients in leaves, N and K were significantly positive correlation each other. P was significantly positive correlation with Na and Zn. In case of roots, N was highly significant positive correlation with K, Mg, and Mn, but P was negatively correlated with Ca, Cu, Na, Fe, and Zn.

Farming using natural salts for supply of nutrients to crops is increasing recently. It is necessary to evaluate the salt accumulation in soil and the effects on crop growth by treatment of natural salt. This study was conducted at the organic cultivation fields which garlics were planted. The treatments were no natural salts (control) and plots applied 100~600 kg ha-1 with natural salts. Soil samples were taken from the 0 to 25 cm depth at 12 and 107 day (harvest time) after natural salts application. The results showed that electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable Na (Exch.-Na+) and Cl- were increased by application of natural salts. But, pH and exchangeable cations (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) had not significantly differences among treatments. In 300 kg ha-1 plots of natural salt, the level of EC, Exch.-Na+ and Cl- in top soil (0-5 cm) was were increased more 0.3, 3.7, and 12.7 times than control plot, respectively. EC, Exch.-Na+, and Cl- were highest in the top 5 cm of soil and decreased with depth at 12 days after natural salts application, but were decreased in the plower layer (0-15cm) at the harvest time because they were leached with natural rain. An increasing the application level of natural salt resulted in increasing of sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable sodium percentage, and percentage of soil dispersion. The concentration of nutrient uptake such as total nitrogen (T-N), chloride (Cl) in garlic had significant difference between control and plots applied with natural salts The content of T-N of garlic in plots with natural salt application was lower than control plot, but Cl is higher than control plot.