The traditional Korean heating system ondol, one of the most important characteristics of Korean architecture, still remains as hydronic floor heating. Various studies have been conducted on the modernization of ondol, but the process of introducing the hydronic floor heating has not been seriously studied so far. Therefore, this paper aims to demonstrate how the hydronic floor heating had been introduced to Korea, taking the 1950s and 1960s Haengchon, Jongam, and Mapo Apartments for example – these three are regarded as the first Korean apartment houses after the Korean War. While Western advanced construction technology was imported for these apartments, various methods of modernizing ondol were also considered. What was remarkable in these attempts is that hydronic floor heating first appeared in Mapo 1st Apartment in 1962, because this is the universal heating method in the present Korea. This fact signifies that the traditional principle of floor heating has been maintained, and it would also be meaningful in terms of architectural exchanges between East and West, if considered along with Wright’s application of the Korean heating principle to his houses since 1930s.

Recently, interest in OSC(Off Site Construction) is increasing due to the trend of a decrease in skilled workers and an increase in labor costs. In this regard, PC(Precast Concrete) is being reviewed for apartments, the most common type of housing in Korea. As the biggest concern for PC apartment houses, civil complaints such as inter-floor noise and leakage were presented. In this study, the details of the joints were reviewed based on the past cases of PC apartments, and the details of the recently constructed or planned PC apartments were investigated. Through this, the leakage path in the past was analyzed through the existing research literature and data. And wall type RC and PC apartment joint leakage test was performed and we found the needs for a detail of waterproof steps, sealant. Also, joint details were investigated for a rahmen type apartment housing under construction. At last, A discussion was conducted on the direction for a detailed proposal of an improved joint in the future.

In the past, measures for the reduction of industrial accidents has led the safety and health policy of construction sites by the guidance, supervision and the regulation according to「Occupation Safety and Health Act」handled by Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL). Nowadays companies realize that due to the factors such as diversification of employment types, outsourcing of hazardous work, new construction method and complicated types of construction, etc., there is a limit on safety management for construction sites as far as it is passively led by the governmental safety management policy and regulation. In this study, in order to practice the autonomous safety management escaping from the government-led safety management, improvement plans are proposed and applied by analyzing the basic cause of the all kinds of fall accidents that could possibly occur in the apartment construction sites and by verifying the hazardous factors and risks by fields.

Seismic fragility was assessed for non-seismic reinforced concrete shear walls in Korean high-rise apartment buildings in order to implement an earthquake damage prediction system. Seismic hazard was defined with an earthquake scenario, in which ground motion intensity was varied with respect to prescribed seismic center distances given an earthquake magnitude. Ground motion response spectra were computed using Korean ground motion attenuation equations to match accelerograms. Seismic fragility functions were developed using nonlinear static and dynamic analysis for comparison. Differences in seismic fragility between damage state criteria including inter-story drifts and the performance of individual structural members were investigated. The analyzed building had an exceptionally long period for the fundamental mode in the longitudinal direction and corresponding contribution of higher modes because of a prominently insufficient wall quantity in such direction. The results showed that nonlinear static analyses based on a single mode tend to underestimate structural damage. Moreover, detailed assessments of structural members are recommended for seismic fragility assessment of a relatively low performance level such as collapse prevention. On the other hand, inter-story drift is a more appropriate criterion for a relatively high performance level such as immediate occupancy.

This study aims to determine the correlation between the apartment resident community and housing satisfaction and suggest which factors can contribute to improving the local community’s housing environment and satisfaction by means of the local inhabitants and apartment residents participating in co-managing the community. The study results are as follows. Firstly, the apartment resident community had a positive effect on housing satisfaction but the effects were insignificant. This revealed that residents’ interest in communicating with the resident community was low due to various organizations such as the women’s association, election committee, and autonomous society being used as means to pursue personal gain rather than the development of the entire apartment. Secondly, the vitalization of the apartment resident community had a positive effect on housing satisfaction. The analysis results showed that the higher the level of unity and volunteering activities of residents, the more improved the resident vitalization programs are being managed, and the higher the level of resident participation, the higher the housing satisfaction. Lastly, this study suggests the supplementation and upgrading of apartment community facilities into complex community facilities as a means to unify the residents and vitalize the resident community. To vitalize the resident community and strengthen the community spirit, the residents will need to voluntarily create a community hub by forming community-tailored associations and programs through connections with local governments and businesses.

This study aims to find the causal relationship between the effects of apartment inhabitants’ life management and administrative management on housing satisfaction. The study results are as follows. Firstly, life management showed to have a positive effect on life satisfaction. In other words, the better the management of public order and facilities, the higher the satisfaction of housing satisfaction. Thus, the principal agent of management needs to increase inhabitants’ housing satisfaction through education and training on developing life management techniques. Secondly, administrative management showed to have a positive effect on life satisfaction. Thus, the more accurate the completion documents and management transfer process necessary for administrative management, the higher the cost-cutting effects of accounting, construction, and service contracts, the more transparent the resident agreement process in accordance with management policies, the more transparent the election process of building representatives and resident representatives, and the higher the effects of energy saving, the higher the housing satisfaction of inhabitants. This revealed that the principal agent of management needs to increase housing satisfaction through education and training on developing administrative management techniques because the level of administrative management had a positive effect on housing satisfaction. As a result, in order to create reliability between inhabitants and the principal agents of management, the transparency of administrative management such as document disclosure must be ensured, thus improving the housing satisfaction of inhabitants.

This study analyzed how the installation of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant of an apartment building affected identifying pressurized water in the pipe, making it easier to conduct internal inspection on the fire suppression system, and ensuring reliability of fire suppression. The following are the study’s results: First, identifying pressurized water in the indoor firefighting pipe had a positive effect on the installation of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant. This implies that a higher level of identification of pressurized water in the indoor firefighting pipe had a positive impact on improving the installation and use of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant. Second, making it easier for the fire safety officer to inspect the fire suppression system had a positive effect on the installation of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant. This suggests that if it becomes easier for the apartment building’s stakeholder to conduct internal inspection or the firefighting facility manager to carry out inspection on the fire suppression system, it would have a positive effect on the installation of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant. Finally, ensuring reliability in fire suppression had a positive effect on the installation of a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant. This implies that if it becomes easier to identify pressurized water in the indoor firefighting pipe, for the fire safety officer to conduct internal inspection, or for the firefighting facility manager to carry out inspection in accordance with the fire suppression system’s internal inspection requirements, it would increase reliability in fire suppression, making it more necessary to install a pressure gauge in the indoor fire hydrant.

본 연구에서는 아파트단지 내 불량한 식생공간을 보수하거나 다양한 식생으로의 재조성하여 녹색의 질을 높이기 위한 방안으로 아파트 단지 내 조경관리 현황을 조사하고 식재지반인 토양상태를 파악하여 합리적인 계획 수립을 위한 기초 자료화 하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 아파트 준공시점을 기준으로 동일한 규격의 수목이 동시에 식재되는 것을 감안해 준공연도를 5년 단위로 구분하고 식재기간 경과에 따른 수목생장과 토양성분의 차이를 분석하였다. 전체 조사대상지 9개소에 모두 식재된 수종 중 침엽수 4종과 활엽수 4종의 생육상태를 조사하여 한 결과 침엽수 중 가이즈까향나무 소나무, 활엽수 중에서는 꽃사과나무가 5년 이상의 식재기간이 경과되었을 때 가장 생육이 좋았다가 10년 이상 되었을 때는 생장이 감소하였다. 측백나무와 단풍나무는 10년 이상 된 지역의 수목이 생육이 가장 좋아 비교적 생장을 위한 기간이 많이 요구되는 수종이었다. 수목은 식재되어 있으나 지표면이 나지가 되어있는 지점의 토양경도를 분석한 결과 준공 후 5년 이상이 되면 20㎜ 이상의 답압 된 상태가 되는 것으로 조사되었고 토양이화학성은 준공 초기부터 지속적으로 pH는 높고 유기물함량은 비옥한 토양의 1/3 정도로 추가 시비가 필요한 상태였다. 본 결과를 토대로 나지부분의 재식재시에는 식재지 주변 배수로 설계와 토심 50㎝ 정도를 객토하고 왕겨 등의 유기질재료를 혼합하는 정도의 토양 개량 계획을 추가하여 수목 하부에 지피식물을 식재하는 것만으로 토양의 답압과 토양건강성을 회복하는 방안이 될 것이라고 사료된다.

This study introduces a newly developed PC non-bearing wall system to prevent the damage of RC wall-type apartments that have been heavily damaged by the 2017 Pohang Earthquake. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed PC non-bearing wall system, a static cyclic test is conducted. The prototype of test specimen is from the RC wall-type apartment which has been severely damaged by the 2017 Pohang Earthquake. The specimen with the conventional non-bearing wall system showed the similar damage of RC wall type apartment suffered from the Pohang Earthquake. In case of the specimen with the developed PC non-bearing wall system, cracks and damages were not transmitted between the walls due to the seismic slit and there were almost no cracks in the non-bearing walls. Therefore, the proposed non-bearing wall system, separated from the structural walls, could prevent spreading cracks to bearing walls and make it possible to effectively control damage due to earthquake loads.

국내 고층 아파트의 구조시스템은 크게 다수의 벽체가 분산적으로 배치되어 있는 내력벽 시스템과 중앙 코어벽 시스템으 로 구분할 수 있다. 각각 시스템에 따른 횡방향 거동을 분석하기 위해 본 연구는 국내 고층 아파트 중 대표적인 평면을 갖는 대상 건물을 선정하고, 비선형 정적해석을 수행하여 붕괴메커니즘을 살펴보았다. 비선형 정적해석을 통해 도출된 힘-변위 관계로부터 지진응답에 있어서 중요한 요소인 초과강도계수 및 연성도계수를 산정하여 반응수정계수를 평가하였다. 중앙 코어벽 시스템은 연성도는 작지만, 풍하중에 의해 지배되어 초과강도가 크게 산정돼 초과강도계수에 의해 반응수정계수가 산정되었고, 내력벽 시스템은 벽량이 많아 연성도가 크기 때문에 상당힌 큰 반응수정계수가 산정된다.

The purpose of this paper is to find out how each districts(Gu) of Seoul are related based on the apartment price trends. All the data used in this paper comes from a public data sources, Seoul apartments transaction data provided by ‘Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport Korea’ and the apartments properties from NAVER’s real estate service. To analyze the similarities between the price trends of each apartments, this study uses FastDTW algorithm which is quite popular in time series analysis domain. After figured out the distance matrix from FastDTW, this study uses Hierarchical Clustering algorithm and Chi-squared test to compare each districts’ relationship. The analysis result shows that which districts in Seoul are similar and which districts are not.

본 연구는 공동주택의 규모와 층수에 따라서 작동 기능점검과 정밀점검으로 화재가 났을 때 얼마나 작동이 되어 인명피해와 재산 손실을 막으며 작동기능점검을 2015년 1월 1일부터 관 할 소방서에 작동기능점검결과 제출 의무제도 로 인하여 년1회 점검 실시 후 보수공사가 이루어짐으로서 소방시설 불량이 다소 감소할 것으로 제도 적으로 예방과 개선을 통한 큰 변화를 가져오게 되었다

The source of wayside noise for the train are the aerodynamic noise, wheel/rail noise, and power unit noise. The major source of railway noise is the wheel/rail noise caused by the interaction between the wheels and rails. The Structure borne noise is mainly a low frequency problem. The train noise and vibration nearby the elevated railway make one specific issue. The microphone array method is used to search sound radiation characteristics of elevated structure to predict the noise propagation from an elevated railway. In this paper, structure-borne noise that is brought into inside of apartment when it passes by straight line track and rail lubricator section with test coach was measured in accordance of track characteristic of urban railway vehicle. It was compared with NC curve and examinate result.

기존 연구들은 확증적 데이터 분석을 통하여 거시경제지표, 주택정책 등의 영향이 시/도 사이에 상이함을 증명하였지만 해당 지역 내의 주택가격 변동의 역동성을 보여주지는 못하였다. 본 연구는 탐색적 공간 데이터 분석을 통하여 보다 상세한 공간 단위에서 아파트 매매가격의 시공간적 역동성을 탐색하고자 한다. 주요한 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가격 급등시기, 2008년 세계금융위기의 영향 등에서 시/도별로 큰 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 2006년 1월부터 2016년 6월까지 실거래 가격 변화를 주택정책과 함께 살펴본 결과 주거안정 정책은 가격 하락을, 시장 활성화 정책은 가격 상승을 가져왔다. 정책효과는 대체로 3~5개월 지속되었다. 셋째, 가격변동이 심한 10개 시기별로 시/구 수준에서 단위가격과 변동률 및 변동액의 관계를 살펴본 결과 시기별로 가격 변동을 주도한 시/구들이 상이하였다. 마지막으로 군집분석 결과 시기별로 공간 군집의 위치와 범위가 상이하게 나타났다. 또한 몇몇 시/구에서는 이웃한 행정구역 사이에 상반된 연관성 유형을 보이는 등 국지적 역동성이 나타났다.

Safety accidents, which are called industrial accidents in construction work, are often caused by unstable physical and personal conditions combined during preparation and execution of work. It is difficult to manage all the construction works, but especially in the field of apartment construction work, complex and many kinds of works are being carried out at the same time. In the current construction, safety regulations such as safety management guidelines are generally well maintained, but the execution of manpower resources that can fulfill them is limited, and it is difficult to reduce the accident rate and loss cost. Therefore, in this study, it is a reality that most of the types of construction work are under contruction by subcontracting contract, so they are limit by methods of manual maintenance and safety education. Currently, the subcontractor is also allowed to perform safety management through the composition of the safety management review body, but it is operated formally. So alternatives to this were studied. As a result, safety accidents occur in the subcontractor's workplace due to vertical integration, which is a characteristic of the construction industry. Therefore, the safety management should be carried out by the subcontractor as well as the subcontractor It is concluded that effective and practical safety management can be achieved when management based on the personality that can communicate with each other through the management team is able to reduce the accident rate and loss cost.

In construction work, safety accidents often occur in combination with unstable physical and human conditions during preparation and execution of work. In Korea, the accident rate is higher to that of any country in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures by fundamental prescription. In this paper, in the case of construction safety management, we tried to find a reasonable alternative through a questionnaire survey to apply to subcontracting and small-scale construction. In conclusion, workers who are well aware of the task could be able to reduce the accident rate by deploying them as safety management officers after receiving the training.