A reaction device raising a generation yield by efficiently removing water generated in an esterified reaction between diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and succinic acid with mixture of an azeotropic point was newly developed as a new product in development of more stabilized emulsifier with a semi-solid phase(cream) in an emulsified phase of interfacial activity. The bis-(diethylene glycol monoethyl ether succinate(hereinafter, called as BDGS) with a high yield of more than 95% was obtained. As this has a property containing amphoteric emulsified functions such as W/O type or O/W type, etc., and has a merit that can be used regardless of any emulsified phase, there is no need using other emulsified surfactant. therefore, as this has excellent skin wetability in the cosmetics industry, a product having a wider range in quality compatibility or cost saving, etc. as a humectant has been developed.

This study was carried out to determine the quality characteristics of Jeju mandarin orange jellies containing sugar (control) and sugar derivative sweeteners (erythritol, isomaltooligosaccharide, sorbitol, and xylitol) to be consumed by the elderly. The gelling agents were carrageenan and gellan gum at the concentration of 0.27%, respectively. The average age of the subjects for the acceptance test was 78. The lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) values of the carrageenan gel were higher than those of the gellan gum gel using the same sugars. The L, a, and b values of the carrageenan gel made with sugar derivative sweeteners were higher than those of the respective gel made with sugar. Whereas there were almost no differences between the color values of the gellan gum gels made with sugar and sugar derivative sweeteners, respectively. The gelling and melting temperatures of the carrageenan gel with erythritol were highest and those of the respective gel with xylitol were lowest among the sugar derivative sweeteners. The gelling and melting temperatures of the gellan gum gels with erythritol and isomaltooligosaccharide, respectively, were lower, and those of the respective gel made with xylitol were higher compared to that with sugar. There was no break down in the gellan gum gel. The break down rate of the carrageenan gel made with isomaltooligosaccharide was highest and that of the respective gel with xylitol was lowest among the sugar derivative sweeteners. The hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, and chewiness of the gellan gum gel were greater compared to the carrageenan gel. The adhesiveness levels of the carrageenan gels made with sugar derivative sweeteners were lower, and their springiness was higher than the respective gel with sugar. All the TPA characteristics of the gellan gum gels made with erythritol and xylitol, respectively, were higher than the respective gel with sugar. The rupture properties of the gels were the same as their TPA characteristics. The sensory acceptance of the carrageenan and gellan gum gels made with sugar were highest among all the sweeteners. There were no significant differences in the sensory acceptance scores of the carrageenan gels made with xylitol, erythritol, and sugar, respectively, and there were also no significant differences in the sensory acceptance scores of the gellan gum gels made with xylitol, sorbitol, and sugar, respectively. Xylitol was preferred in both the carrageenan and gellan gum gels. Thus, xylitol appears to be an appropriate alternative sweetener to sugar in Jeju mandarin orange jelly for consumption by the elderly, with regard to the acceptability and stability of the gel.

2차적저작물 작성권은 복제권과 함께 저작권 침해사건에 있어서 핵심을 이루는 중요한 권리로서, 위 권리는 원저작물을 기초로 하되 그와 동일한 또는 실질적으로 동일한 저작물을 작성하는 행위를 넘어서 동일하지는 않지만 실질적으로 유사하면서도 새로운 창작성을 가미한 저작물을 작성하는 행위를 통제할 수 있는 근거가 되는 권리이다. 2차적저작물 작성권을 인정하는 이론적 근거로는 경제학적 이론, 노동보상 이론, 자아계발 이론 등이 주장되고 있으나, 2차적저작물 작성권이 원저작자의 기대 수익의 증가 및 기대수익의 확실성이라는 장점을 통해 저작물을 창작할 인센티브를 증가시킨다는 점이 가장 유명하고, 강력한 이론적 근거로 제시되고 있다. 2차적저작물 작성권에 관한 각 국가들의 입법례는 서로 유사한 면이 많기는 하나 동일하지는 않다. 예를 들어, 한국의 경우 무단으로 작성된 2차적 저작물이라고 하더라도 새로이 부가된 창작적 표현에 대한 저작권 자체는 보호되지만 원저작물의 이용∙저촉관계는 별개의 문제로 다루고 있고, 미국의 경우 무단으로 작성된 2차적저작물에 새로운 창작적인 표현이 부가되더라도 이에 대한 별도의 저작권보호를 하지 않으며, 일본의 경우 원저작자에게 2차적저작물의 저작자와 동일한 권리를 부여하는 방식으로 규정하여, 2차적저작물에 대하여 그 ‘작성권’과‘이용권’을 분리하여 별도로 규정하는 체계를 취하고 있다. 저작권법 제5조의 2차적저작물의 정의 규정 및 대법원 판결의 2차적저작물에 관한 판시내용에 비추어, 2차적저작물의 성립요건으로서는 아래와 같이, (i) 원저작물을 기초로 하되, (ii) 원저작물과의 실질적 유사성을 유지하고, (iii) 이것에 사회통념상 새로운 저작물이 될 수 있을 정도의 수정증감을 가하여 원저작물과 구별되는 새로운 창작성을 부가하여야 하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나, 원저작자로부터 2차적저작물 작성에 관해 동의나 허락을 받지 않더라도 원저작자에 대한 관계에서 저작권침해로 되는 것은 별문제로 하고 저작권법상 2차적저작물로서 보호된다. 2차적저작물이“원저작물의 이용부분”과“새로운 창작성 또는 창작적인 표현의 부가부분”으로 구성된다고 보는 경우에, 어떠한 2차적 저작자가 원저작물을 기초로 무단으로 2차적저작물을 작성하는 경우 원저작권자의“2차적저작물 작성권의 침해”이외에“원저작물의 이용부분”에 관해서 원저작권자의“복제권”의 침해도 별도로 성립한다고 볼 수 있는지 여부가 문제된다. 이에 대해서는 동일성(또는 실질적 동일성)의 경우에는 복제권의 침해만이 문제되고, 실질적인 개변을 통해 사회통념상 새로운 저작물이 될 수 있을 정도의 새로운 창작성이 부가되었지만 여전히 원저작물과 실질적으로 유사한 경우에는 2차적저작물 작성권 침해만이 문제된다고 하여 유사성의 정도에 따라 두 권리가 서로 배타적으로 적용되는 것으로 보는 견해가 있으나, 2차적저작물 작성권 침해가 인정되는 경우, 2차적 저작자에게 복제권의 이용허락이 부여되어 있지 않는 한, 원칙적으로 복제권의 침해도 중복적으로 성립될 수도 있다고 생각된다.

This study was conducted to determine the quality characteristics of grape jellies for the elderly. The jellies contained sugar (control) or sugar derivative sweeteners (erythritol, isomaltooligosaccharide, sorbitol, and xylitol). Agar (0.31%) and k-carrageenan (0.27%) were the gelling agents. The average age of the subjects participating in the acceptance test was 79. The lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) values of the agar gel with erythritol mostly decreased, indicating a darker and pale red color. The L and b values of the carrageenan gel with sugar derivative sweeteners increased, indicating brighter and yellowish color. The agar and carrageenan gels with sorbitol showed higher gelling and melting temperature, indicating that gelation occurred easily and did not easily melt. The agar and carrageenan gels with xylitol showed a low-melting temperature, indicating low stability with temperature change. The break-down rate of the agar and carrageenan gels with erythritol was low, whereas that of agar gel with sorbitol was relatively high despite its high melting temperature. Hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of the gels with sugar derivative sweeteners decreased, and this tendency was most distinct with isomaltooligosaccharide in the agar gel and with sorbitol in the carrageenan gel. The rupture properties of the gel were the same as the hardness of the gel. Sensory acceptance of the agar gels with erythritol, sorbitol, isomaltooligosaccharide, and the carrageenan gel with erythritol was fairly high, whereas that of the agar gel with xylitol and the carrageenan gel with isomaltooligosaccharide and xylitol was low. The results show that sorbitol and erythritol are appropriate as sugar substitutes in grape jellies for the elderly about the acceptability and stability of the gels.

The legal regulation about the derivative(or secondary) liability of OSP(Online Service Provider) is briefly divided into two parts, liability requirement and liability limitation requirement. In the OSPs’liability requirement portion, Korean courts in Sori-Bada cases has pointed out that joint tort-feasors rule in the clause (3) of article 760 of the Korean Civil Act should be the statutory ground for OSPs liability requirement. Korea Copyright Act has also the article 104 which is a peculiar and even weird provision. It imposes the duty to implement a specific technology measure upon a so-called specific type of ISPs and therefore the article can be another statutory ground for OSPs liability requirement. Moreover, when interpreting the article 104 in the preliminary injunction cases related to Sori-Bada version 5, the Seoul High Court concluded that P2P service providers should adopt so-called the positive filtering system. At first, it seems to be more reasonable to rescind article 104 in future amendments of the Act. It’s because the scope of article 104 is so ambiguous that it may be improperly expanded to almost all OSPs and the article 104 creates unnecessary anti-market manipulation by government. Second, the Seoul High Court’s position is unreasonable. It’s because the liability limitation clauses of Korean Copyright Act are basically based on negative filtering principle, and so-called the positive filtering system is not consistent with Korea-US Free Trade Agreement and the development of filtering technology is not perfect enough to enforce the adoption of the technology. Turning to the OSPs’liability limitation requirement, article 102 and 103 of Korean Copyright Act sets up a liability limitation requirement similar to the Notice and Takedown procedure in the DMCA. It would be appropriate to amend the act in following 2 ways. At first, the Korean Copyright Act had better implement the specific requirement according to the type of information technology, such as caching, hosting, search engine, etc. even though the present act has only a uniform immunity requirement for all type of OSP. Second, the effect related to OSP’s immunity is now no more than discretional mitigation or exemption and should be changed to mandatory exemption. The legal regulation about online service user’s direct liability includes two main issues; Users’ fair use right and the criminal penalty for direct infringement. At first, the statutory and more comprehensive provision of fair use for individual users should be added into Korean Copyright Act, to keep the balance between copyright owner’s protection and the others’ fair use right. Second, the criminal penalty for users’ copyright infringement should be restrained from the rampant misuse which even caused one Korean teenager’s suicide. The new proposal in 2008 by government to amend the present Copyright Act seems to be inappropriate because it is only based on excessive administrative opportunism which would result in excessive restriction on OSPs and severe legal vagueness. Rather, it would be better for the legislature to promote the cooperation between thecopyright owners and OSPs. As anexample, the system similar to the subpoena in DMCA can be establishedin Korean Copyright Act if it will be carefully managed by Korean judicial branch.

2차적저작물 작성권은 복제∙배포∙공연∙방송∙전시∙전송권과 함께 원저작자에게 원시적으로 귀속하는 저작재산권 중 하나로서, 원저작자에 대한 관계에 있어서는 복제권의 침해이든 2차적저작물 작성권의 침해이든 저작재산권의 침해가 되는 점에 있어서는 차이가 없기 때문에 종래 저작권침해소송 실무에서는 어떤 저작물이 기존의 저작물과 실질적으로 유사한지 여부가 주된 쟁점이었고 그 저작물에 기존의 저작물과 독립한 새로운 창작성이 부가되어 2차적저작물로서 성립되었다고 할 수 있는지 여부를 다툴 실익이 크지 않았다. 그러나 오늘날 컴퓨터 기술 및 방송, 통신, 인터넷 기술의 발전과 함께 대중음악, 영화, 뮤지컬과 같은 문화산업과 게임산업, 소프트웨어 산업이 양적, 질적으로 비약적으로 성장함에 따라 복제물과 2차적 저작물을 엄격하게 구분하여 그 권리관계를 분명히 하여야 할 필요성이 점차 높아가고 있다. 뿐만아니라 2차적저작물의 성립문제는 저작권법의 보호대상인‘표현’과 타인의 저작권과의 저촉여부 판단기준인‘실질적 유사성’의 내연과 외연이 무엇인지에 관한 근본적인 물음과도 맞닿아 있다고 할 수 있다. 이 글은 이러한 필요성에 상응하여 2차적저작물의 성립요건과 법률관계를 재검토하는 기회를 마련하고자 한다.

The influence of fluorescence, scattering, and absorbance in turbid material by light scattering was interpreted by the scattered fluorescence intensity and wavelength. The effect of optical property in scattering media was investigated. It is very important to study the charge coupled device(CCD) in spectrometry because we can use the molecular energy level, molecular structure, absorption or emission, intermolecular reaction, weakly bound molecular energy, photochemistry, fluorescence and photodynamic therapy. CCD is very essential to study the molecular structure and medical engineering combined laser spectroscopy in the modem physical and chemistry. Accordingly, this study has designed and manufactured the electromagnetic spectrometry with CCD, and has analyzed the hematoporphyrin derivative.

Effect of quinolinedione derivative (OQ-21) on phenylephrine induced vasoconstriction was investigated using aortic rings in organ bath isolated from rats. Treatment with OQ-21 resulted in moderate increase in vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. In addition we studied acute intraperitoneal toxicity of OQ-21 in male and female ICR mice. The changes of body weight and clinical signs were observed for 7 days after single dose of OQ-21 from 50 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. There were no significant changes in body weight and clinical signs. Any mouse didn't die even at maximal dose. Autopsy of OQ-21 treated mice revealed no abnormal difference from contol mice, These results suggest that OQ-21 be moderately safe and could be developed as effective drug.

It is well known that the metallo-phthalocyanine(MPcs) are sensitive to toxic gaseous molecules such as NO2 and also chemically and thermally stable. Therefore, lots of MPcs have been studied for the potential chemical sensor for NO2 gas using quartz crystal microbalance or electrical conductivity. In this study, 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-[octa-(dodecyloxy)] copper phthalocyanine and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-[octa-(octyloxy)] copper phthalocyanine were synthesized and their possibility of LB film preparation were tested. It was confirmed by using FT-IR, DSC, NMR, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Elemental Analysis that CuPc derivatives were successfully synthesized. From the π-A characteristics and limiting areas of two CuPc derivatives it was found that the preparation of LB films with these CuPc derivatives is possible.

We have synthesized the water-insoluble chitosan derivative, N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, through the reaction of chitosan with carbon disulfide in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide, Chitosan itself has been prepared using chitin, one of the most abundant compounds in nature, as a starting material. To elucidate this natural polymer the capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions, we have performed adsorption experiments using chitosan derivatives of various average molecular weights with different contents of sulfur. The effect of pH, adsorption time and temperature on adsorption efficiency was also studied. The adsorbent derived from chitosan of average molecular weight ranging 5,700~20,000 was shown to have the highest capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions. Adsorbing efficiency was increased as the reaction time was increased and as the reaction temperature range of 25~45℃. The adsorption capacity at various pH, however, appeared to vary depending on the heavy metal ions studied.

Chitosan itself has been prepared using chitin, one of the most abundant compounds in nature, as a starting material. We have synthesized the water-soluble chitosan derivative, N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, through the reaction of water-soluble chitosan with carbon disulfide in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide. To elucidate this natural polymer capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions, we have performed adsorption experiments using the water-soluble chitosan derivative various average molecular weight and of different percent contents of sulfur. The effect of pH, adsorption time and temperature on adsorption efficiency was also studied. The adsorbent derived from water-soluble chitosan of average molecular weight ranging 9,000~120,000 was shown to have the highest capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions. On the whole, adsorbing efficiency was increased as the reaction time goes longer and also increased as the reaction temperture goes higer in temperture range of 15℃~45℃. The adsorption capacity at various pH, however, was appeared to vary depending on the heavy metal ions studied Judging from these finding, water-soluble N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, a derivative of a biodegradable nature polymer, is believed to be a potential adsorbent for heavy metal ions since it not only is shown to lower the concentration of heavy metal ions to below the drainage quality standard, but also it would not cause acidification and hardening of soil which is one of the detrimental effects of synthetic macromolecular adsorbents present.

Ultra thin films of HDSM-CuPc(Tetra-3-hexadecylsulphamoylcopperphthalocya-nine) were formed on various substrates by Langmuir-Blodgett method, where HDSM-CuPc was synthesized by attaching long-chain alkylamine(hexa-decylamine) to CuPc. The reaction product was identified with FT- IR, UV-visible absorption spectroscopies, elemental analysis and thin layer chromatography. The formation of ultrathin films of HDSM-CuPc was confirmed by FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscpies.