The effect of ferrous/ferric molar ratio on the formation of nano-sized magnetite particles was investigated by a co-precipitation method. Ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate were used as iron sources and sodium hydroxide was used as a precipitant. In this experiment, the variables were the ferrous/ferric molar ratio (1.0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0) and the equivalent ratio (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0), while the reaction temperature (25˚C) and reaction time (30 min.) were fixed. Argon gas was flowed during the reactions to prevent the Fe2+ from oxidizing in the air. Single-phase magnetite was synthesized when the equivalent ratio was above 2.0 with the ferrous/ferric molar ratios. However, goethite and magnetite were synthesized when the equivalent ratio was 1.0. The crystallinity of magnetite increased as the equivalent ratio increased up to 3.0. The crystallite size (5.6 to 11.6 nm), median particle size (15.4 to 19.5 nm), and saturation magnetization (43 to 71 emu.g-1) changed depending on the ferrous/ferric molar ratio. The highest saturation magnetization (71 emu.g-1) was obtained when the equivalent ratio was 3.0 and the ferrous/ferric molar ratio was 2.5.

改革·開放以後中國經濟越來越發展。其中離開農村爲了賺錢的‘農民工’ 是現在中國社會最大的問題。在中國的電影市場中, 可能很少有機个導演會選貧民的角度來講術故事, 而楊亞洲和李楊就是其中的導演。他們所想表達 的都是那些貧民的窮乏生活在社會最低層人群的現實生活。李楊的<盲井, 2003>和楊亞洲的<泥鰍也是魚,2006>是通過對小人物細碎悲喜的刻畵,傳 達了這个時代的情緖,通過對農民工愛情悲劇的透視,折射出這个時代的困 境。所以兩片電影的内容很眞實很淡白, 在他們的電影里體現出來的都是眞 實的中国當代社會邊錄的人物，底層的生活。本文是通過兩片電影的内容, 分析當代中國社會農民工的問題。總這个意義上講, 兩片電影眞正理解了當 下中國的‘農民工’群體。

For the application of nano-sized material in various fields, the evaluation of nano-sized material toxicity is important. In the present study, various concentrations of 200 nm-sized silicon dioxide nanoparticle suspension were intraperitonially injected into mice to identify the toxicity of silicon dioxide nanoparticle in vivo. In the hematological analysis of group II treated with silicon dioxide nanoparticle 100 mg/kg body weight, lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly different compared to the control group. In group III treated with silicon dioxide nanoparticle 200 mg/kg body weight, lymphocytes, monocytes and hemoglobin were significantly different compared to the control group. In blood biochemical analysis of group III, the concentration of AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine were significantly different compared to the control group. Histopathologic examination of the kidney indicated a mild injury only in mice received 200 mg/kg silicon dioxide nanoparticle. According to the results of the present study, the significant differences in the hematological and blood biochemical analyses and abnormal histopathological findings in the mouse kidney may have been related to exposure to silicon dioxide nanoparticle.

본 연구는 돈분슬럿지에 함유되어 있는 구리와 아연을 제거하여 합리적인 돈분슬럿지 자원화비료 생산법을 연구하였고 돈분슬럿지 자원화비료를 시비 후 사료작물의 발아특성 및 초기생육을 조사하여 돈분슬럿지 자원화비료의 안정성과 그 비효효과를 조사한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 공시시료인 돈분슬럿지의 이화학적 특성은 질소 4.44%,인산6.29%로 질소와 인산의 함량이 일반적인 자원화비료보다높게 나타나고 있으며 구리와 아연의 함량은 각각 787.04mg/kg,1850.08 mg/kg로 부산물비료 퇴비의 공정규격인 300 mg/kg,900 mg/kg보다 더 높게 함유하고 있다. 2. 유기산 7종류를 제조하여 중금속을 제거한바 옥살산2수화물의 경우에는 구리와 아연 각각 48%, 56%의 제거율을 보인바 옥살산2수화물을 구리와 아연의 제거용액으로 선정하였다. 3. 옥살산2수화물 유기산용액을 이용하여 돈분슬럿지가 함유하고 있는 구리와 아연을 제거할 경우에는 돈분슬럿지의 pH가 2.0이하로 급격히 낮아지는 현상이 나타나고 있는바 농업적으로 이용 가능한 자원화비료를 생산하기 위하여 소석회를 첨가하여 pH를 조정하여 하며 돈분슬럿지의 무게에 비례하여 2.5%의 소석회를 첨가할 시에는 pH가 5.1로 조정되었다. 4. 옥살산2수화물로 퇴비화 과정중의 발아지수를 측정한 결과처리구1과 2는 28일 이후에는 발아지수가 83과 79로 안전한 수준이었으나 처리구3의 경우에는 72로 낮게 나타나고 있다. 5. 알파파, 크림슨크로버, 헤어리베치, 옥수수, 자운영, 오차드그라스의 사료작물 6종의 발아특성과 초기생육을 알파파와 사료용옥수수는 무처리구 및 모든 처리구에서 높은 발아율을 나타내고 있으며 처리구1과2는 크림슨크로버의 발아율이 100%로 무처리구 보다 높은 발아율을 나타내고 있으나 처리구3은 알파파와 사료용 옥수수는 100%로인 것을 제외하고 자운영과 오차드그라스가 50%로 가장 낮은 발아율을 나타내고 있다. 초기건물량에서는 무처리구가 통계적으로 가장 낮은 수준이었으며 대조구와 처리구들 간에 통계적인 유의차가 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 복강판-모듈러 시스템과 같이 구조 기준에 명시되지 않은 새로운 시스템의 반응수정계수를 산정하는 절차를 제안하였다. 기본 개념은 구조성능 실험결과를 바탕으로 모델링 된 시스템의 비선형 정적 해석 곡선으로부터 세부 구성요소인 초과강도계수와 연성계수의 도출하고, 단자유도 시스템으로 간주하고 평가된 반응수정계수를 다자유도 동적 거동을 고려한 다자유도 밑면전단 수정계수로 수정하여 시스템의 최종적인 반응수정계수를 결정하는 것이다. 제안한 절차에 따라 이중골조시스템으로 설계된 2층부터 5층까지의 복강판-모듈러 시스템에 대해 평가한 결과, 최종적인 반응수정계수는 5층(층고 4m기준)을 복강판-모듈러 시스템의 적용 가능한 층수의 상한으로 하여 4로 결정하는 것이 타당할 것으로 판단하였다.

To improve the chemical stability of metal, the ceramic coatings on metallic materials have attracted interest from many researchers due to the chemical inertness of ceramic materials. To endure strong acids, SiOC coating on metal substrate was carried out by dip coating method using 20wt% polyphenylcarbosilane solution; SiC powder was added to the solution at 10wt% and 15wt% to improve the mechanical properties and to prevent cracks of the film. Thermal oxidation as a curing step was carried out at 200˚C for crosslinking of the polyphenylcarbosilane, and the coating samples were pyrolysized at 800˚C under argon to convert the polyphenylcarbosilane to SiOC film. The thicknesses of the SiOC coating films were 2.36μm and 3.16μm. The quantities of each element were measured as SiO1.07C6.33 by EPMA, and it can be confirmed that the SiOC film from polyphenylcarbosilane was formed in a manner that was carbon rich. The hardness of the SiOC film was found to be 3.2Gpa through nanoindentor measurement. No defect including cracks appeared in the SiOC film. The weight loss of the SiOC coated stainless steel was within 2% after soaking in 10% HCl solution at 80˚C for one week. From these results, SiOC coating shows good potential for application to protect against severe chemical corrosion of stainless steel.

漢字既有「工具」價值，也同時兼具「文化」價值；把「文化元素」統整到漢字教學中，「工具」與「文化」是可以兼得的魚與熊掌。配合大學學制由三年轉變為四年的契機，大學在漢字教學單元中會融入更多文化元素，以期學生能在文化的浸潤下更精準地掌握漢字、學習漢字；進而培養學生熱愛本國文化的情懷。本文以筆者任教及籌畫的教學單元為例(浸會大學語文中心「大學中文」語文必修科中的「錯別字辨識」單元)，說明在漢字學習課程中融入文化元素之必要及預期教學效果。 參考書目(初擬)： 1. 淩子鎏《常見的錯字》，香港：世界書局，1970。 2. 許光遠《容易讀錯、寫錯、用錯的字》，香港：宏業書局，1980。 3. 陳天泉《漢字正字法》，湖北：湖北人民出版社，1983。 4. 曾憲通、張桂光《香港人學漢字》，香港：中華書局，1988。 5. 葉志民《易錯字解說》，浙江：浙江大學出版社，1992。 6. 傅永和《漢字正字手冊》，香港：三聯書店，1994。 7. 杜維東《錯別字辨析手冊》，北京：現代出版社，1996。 8. 廣東省新聞出版局法規處編《規範用字手冊》，廣州：新世紀出版社，1996。 9. 莊澤義《字詞是非》，香港：麒麟書業有限公司，1996。 10.陳瑞端《生活錯別字》，香港：中華書局，1997。 11.朱少璋《識繁寫簡——常錯簡化字大檢閱》，香港：獲益出版社，1998。 12.陳佳榮、莊澤義《中國語文表解大全》，香港：通行出版有限公司，1998。 13.莊澤義《港人別字》，香港：三聯書店（香港）有限公司，1999。 14.何成邦《香港別字追蹤》（1）、（2），香港：明報出版社，2000。 15.陳建羽《錯別字活學活用》，臺北，台灣實業文化，2002。 16.文浩基《錯別字知多D》，香港，力行出版社，2004。

改革·開放以後中國經濟越來越發展。其中離開農村爲了賺錢的‘農民工’ 是現在中國社會最大的問題。在中國的電影市場中, 可能很少有機个導演會選貧民的角度來講術故事, 而楊亞洲和李楊就是其中的導演。他們所想表達 的都是那些貧民的窮乏生活在社會最低層人群的現實生活。李楊的<盲井, 2003>和楊亞洲的<泥鰍也是魚,2006>是通過對小人物細碎悲喜的刻畵,傳 達了這个時代的情緖,通過對農民工愛情悲劇的透視,折射出這个時代的困 境。所以兩片電影的内容很眞實很淡白, 在他們的電影里體現出來的都是眞 實的中国當代社會邊錄的人物，底層的生活。本文是通過兩片電影的内容, 分析當代中國社會農民工的問題。總這个意義上講, 兩片電影眞正理解了當 下中國的‘農民工’群體。

To prepare very stable acrylic type emulsion having a visible ray absorption property, in-situ preparation technique of CuxS nanoparticle was adopted. Firstly, the acylic emulsions of methyl methacrylate(MMA), butyl acrylate(BA), and acrylonitrile(AN) were synthesized by pre-emulsion polymerization at 60℃ in the presence of anionic surfactant. Secondly, CuxS nanocomposited emulsions were directly prepared in the prepolymerized acrylic emulsion with CuSO4 at 50℃. The presnce of CuxS nanoparticle in emulsion was confirmed by SEM and EDS. The final CuxS nanocomposited emulsion showed an olive-green colour and good emulsion stability up to 1 month. In addition the PET films coated with our CuxS nanocomposited emulsion absorbed effectively the visible ray.

남극 등 불량환경 하에서 에너지를 절감하면서 신선 채소를 생산할 수 있는 컨테이너 식물공장을 설계하여 개발하였다. 20피트 컨테이너(L5.9m×W2.4m×H2.4m)에 공간 활용을 최대화하기 위해 3단 수경재배시스템을 설치하였고, 양액공급은 저면급수 방식으로 하였다. 수경재배에서의 광원종류(광강도)에 따른 3가지 상추품종의 생육을 비교하였다. 정식 2주 후 광원종류(광강도)에 따른 상추 3품종의 생육결과는 형광등 145μmol·m-2·s-1 처리구에서 지상부 생체중과 엽면적이 양호하였으나, 정식 4주 후에는 형광등 +메탈할라이드등 150μmol·m-2·s-1에서 다른 광원시험구보다 생육이 양호하였다. 상추 품종간에는 '청치마상추'의 생체중이나 엽면적이 가장 많았으며, '적축면상추', '롤로로사' 순이었다. 엽록소 농도(SPAD)는 광원종류간에 큰 차이가 없었으며 '청치마상추'가 품종 특성에 맞게 다른 상추보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서 인공광원을 이용한 식물공장에서 상추 재배시 광의 강도에 따라서 식물체 생육이 차이가 있었고, 상추의 품종에 따라 생육정도에 차이가 있었으며 이는 저광도의 식물공장 내에서 알맞은 품종을 선택하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

n re cent ye ars, remarkable conce rn has be en eme rged ove r endocr ine disrupting chemicals (E D Cs) which mimic the e ffe cts of the ste roid hormone and modulate the endocr ine functions of human and wildlife . The biodegradation products of sur factants such as nonylphenol (N P ) have be en regarded as E D Cs. H oweve r , only few studie s have be en car r ied out to inve stigate the e ffe ct of E D Cs on vite llogene sis in mar ine fish. The pre sent study was unde r taken to the e ffe cts of 4-N P on the vite llogene sis of juvenile rockfish, Sebaste s schlege li. J uvenile rockfish we ighing about 50g we re intrape r itone ally inje cted with e stradiol-17β (E 2, 5㎎/㎏ body we ight) or 4-N P in 70% e thanol twice at 3-day inte rvals and blood sampling we re extracted from the fish at 7 days afte r the last inje ction. I ntense VTG bands we re de te cted at mole cular we ight position of about 170kD a in all the plasma of 4-N P -administrated fish as that of E 2-administe red fish. P lasma ALP P , Ca and GP T concentrations we re also incre ased in all the group of 4-N P -administe red fish. The addition of 4-N P to the we lls inhibited the binding activity E 2 to E R in a conve rse sigmoid fashion. The se re sults sugge sted that 4-N P induced VTG synthe sis by the binding affinity 4-N P to E R and acted on E D Cs in the juvenile rockfish

안전한 내진설계를 위해서는 부재에 요구되는 소성변형을 평가하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 복잡한 비선형해석없이 탄성 해석결과에 근거하여 이중골조의 부재소성변형을 평가할 수 있는 빠르고 간편한 방법을 개발하였다. 보, 기둥, 벽체 등의 소성변형은 부재강성, 층간변위비, 모멘트 재분배, 단면치수 및 소성힌지 위치의 함수로 결정된다. 벽체와 보가 모멘트 접합된 경우에는 벽체의 소성변형에 의한 로킹효과를 고려하여 증가된 소성변형을 구한다. 8층 이중골조에 대하여 제안된 방법을 적용하였고, 비선형해석을 통하여 제안된 방법의 정확성을 검증하였다. 제안된 방법은 단순계산으로 부재소성변형을 합리적으로 예측하지만, 정확한 부재소성변형 평가를 위해서는 비탄성 층간변위비의 정확한 예측이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 제안된 방법은 향후 성능중심 내진설계에 활용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 기존 건물의 성능평가에도 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

A carbon doped (C-) photocatalyst, which shows good photocatalytic activity to Ultraviolet irradiation and visible irradiation, was successfully prepared by co-grinding of with ethanol or Activated Carbon(C), followed by heat treatment at in air for 60 min. Ethanol and C were used as a representative agent of liquid and solid for carbon doping. Their influence on improving photocatalytic ability and carbon doping degree was studied with degradation of methyl orange and XPS analysis. The product prepared by co-grinding of with Ethanol had Ti-C and C-O chemical bonds and showed higher photocatalytic activity than the product prepared by co-grinding of with C, where just C-O chemical bond existed. As a result, mechanochemical route is useful to prepare a carbon doped photocatalyst activating to visible irradiation, where the solid-liquid operation is more effective than solid-solid operation to obtain a carbon doped .

The chemical formula of magnetite (Fe3O4) is FeO·Fe2O3, t magnetite being composed of divalent ferrous ion andtrivalent ferric ion. In this study, the influence of the coexistence of ferrous and ferric ion on the formation of iron oxide wasinvestigated. The effect of the co-precipitation parameters (equivalent ratio and reaction temperature) on the formation of ironoxide was investigated using ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate and ammonia. The equivalent ratio was varied from 0.1 to 3.0 andthe reaction temperature was varied from 25 to 75. The concentration of the three starting solutions was 0.01mole. Jarosite wasformed when equivalent ratios were 0.1-0.25 and jarosite, goethite, magnetite were formed when equivalent ratios were 0.25-0.6. Single-phase magnetite was formed when the equivalent ratio was above 0.65. The crystallite size and median particle sizeof the magnetite decreased when the equivalent ratio was increased from 0.65 to 3.0. However, the crystallite size and medianparticle size of the magnetite increased when the reaction temperature was increased from 25oC to 75oC. When ferric and ferroussulfates were used together, the synthetic conditions to get single phase magnetite became simpler than when ferrous sulfatewas used alone because of the co-existence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the solution.