Currently in the drought evaluation, which is a supplier-oriented standard that applies storage rates of reservoirs, evaluation for users that use agricultural water is not done. Therefore, this study established drought evaluation items for drought evaluation based on farmers' judgement, conducted a survey on farmers and experts, compared and analyzed weighted value between two groups, and then classified the evaluation standards per each evaluation item. The agricultural drought evaluation items are 5 major items of water supply lapse rate, agricultural weather, agricultural irrigation facility, crop and soil, and 12 subsections for regional characteristics and opinions of consumers that use water to be reflected. The result of analyzing weighted value of farmers and experts' major items shows that farmers is agricultural irrigation facility(0.219), water supply lapse rate(0.211), agricultural weather(0.204), crop(0.183) and soil(0.183). Experts is agricultural weather(0.297), agricultural irrigation facility(0.202), water supply lapse rate(0.189), crop(0.162) and soil(0.150), which displays difference between the two groups. The agricultural drought criteria standards are established based on precedent studies and cases, and grades of evaluation items are 1st grade(extreme stage), 2nd grade(warning stage), 3rd grade(alert stage) and 4th grade(attention stage). The above analysis per each consumer-oriented agricultural drought evaluation item and the analysis on the standards of evaluation grades are expected to be used as a basic resource for establishing agriculture drought policy and selecting drought area in the future.

Background : Insect pests damages are increasing on the field of Lycium chinense under organic farming management and especially, pest damage of Gelechiidae (Ilseopsis parki Povolny) is serious. Currently, various organic farming materials are registered, but insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not verified. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to screening for effective organic farming materials showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae. Methods and Results : Screening for effective organic farming materials (OFM) showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae, we screening OFMs through in vitro testing Among them, OFMs showing insecticidal activity were first selected through field test. In the field test method, OFMs was sprayed at the time of moth occurrence, after 5 days of treatment, insecticidal activity was investigated as a result, a total of five OFMs were selected through the in vitro test and the Sophora japonica and three plant extracts showed the best control effect at 81.7%. in 2017. In 2018, the 2017 selected OFM and 4 kinds of new OFMs were field tested. The field test was performed in the same method as before. As a result, 2 kinds of OFMs made of Sophora japonica and three plant extracts extract and Sophora flavescens extract showed high control value of 87.3% and 88.3%, respectively. In contrast one organic agricultural material showed a chemical injury. To determine the timing of control, the extract was treated before and after topping and pretreatment of topping showed better control value by 80%. Conclusion : Insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not effective in all tested OFMs, but the 2 OFMs showed a high control value of over 80%. In this study, we selected 2 materials out of 9 OFMs against Gelechiidae, and It was effective to treat OFM before topping.

본 연구의 목적은 기상자료(강수량, 최고기온, 최저기온, 평균기온, 평균풍속) 기반의 다중선형 회귀모형을 개발하여 농업용저수지 저수율을 예측 하는 것이다. 나이브 베이즈 분류를 활용하여 전국 1,559개의 저수지를 지리형태학적 제원(유효저수량, 수혜면적, 유역면적, 위도, 경도 및 한발빈도)을 기준으로 30개 군집으로 분류하였다. 각 군집별로, 기상청 기상자료와 한국농어촌공사 저수지 저수율의 13년(2002~2014) 자료를 활용하여 월별 회귀모형을 유도하였다. 저수율의 회귀모형은 결정계수(R2)가 0.76, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE)가 0.73, 평균제곱근오차가 8.33%로 나타났다. 회귀모형은 2년(2015~2016) 기간의 기상청 3개월 기상전망자료인 GloSea5 (GS5)를 사용하여 평가되었다. 현재저수율과 평년저수율에 의해 산정되는 저수지 가뭄지수(Reservoir Drought Index, RDI)에 의한 ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) 분석의 적중률은 관측값을 이용한 회귀식에서 0.80과 GS5를 이용한 회귀식에서 0.73으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 이용해 미래 저수율을 전망하여 안정적인 미래 농업용수 공급에 대한 의사결정 자료로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

This study analyze factors influencing business performance by types of agricultural corporation for improving performance. The number of agricultural corporations have been increasing but their profitability has been decreasing. In this situation, it is important to analyze factors influencing business performance for improving their profitability. We estimate a model including financial indexes and corporation’s characters using ordinary least square. We use agricultural corporations survey data for 10years(2005~2014) of Statistics Korea. This study analyze bookkeeping recorded agricultural corporations for the same period. As a result, we find factors to influence Return on Assets(ROA). Additionally, we calculate optimized current ratio and debt ratio for ROA maximization. Operation period and the number of full-time workers also have a positive effect on ROA. Agricultural production, processing and distribution variables by business types have a positive effect on ROA, but some of their interaction terms have a negative effect on ROA. We expect that this result will help for improving corporation’s business performance.

The aim of our study was to provide a basic data for the development of a small greenhouse model suitable for urban farmers. The study analyzed installation inclination, positive and negative reasons for installation, location of installation, preferred crops in small greenhouses, plans for use of products, and expected effects by using small greenhouse. Positive opinion on small greenhouse installation was 80.4% of the survey respondents. The most positive reason for the installation of small greenhouses was fresh and safe food supply, and the negative reason was maintenance difficulties. The results obtained in our survey indicated that small greenhouses were more likely to be installed near the house, and urban farmers tended to grow organic leafy vegetables in soil. The expected benefits of small greenhouse operation were largely divided into ‘benefit for the improvement of the quality of life’ and ‘benefit for economic profits’, and expectation for the improvement of the quality of life was higher than economic benefit. As a result of the Likert 5-point scale analysis, ‘benefit for the improvement of the quality of life’ by using a small greenhouse was graded as high as 4.17∼4.60. On the other hand, the ‘benefit to economic profits’ was rated as low as 3.51∼4.14.

한국의 농업유산 정책은 2002년 FAO가 도입한 GIAHS 제도를 바탕으로 2012년에 농림축산식품부가 도입하였다. 현재 한국 국가중요농업유산(KIAHS)지역으로 지정이 되면, 농림축산식품부의 다원적 자원 활용사업에 의해 3년간 보전 관리를 위한 예산지원을 받도록 제도화되어 있다. 그렇지만, 다원적 자원 활용사업 종료 이후 KIAHS 지역에 대한 실질적인 관리체계는 마련되어 있지 않은 상황으로, 이에 대한 연구가 시급한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구는 KIAHS 지역에 대한 지속적 관찰 및 데이터 구축을 위한 모니터링 지표 개발을 통하여, 지속가능하고 효율적인 KIAHS 지역의 보전관리체계를 마련하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해, 본 연구는 문헌고찰, 해외사례 조사, 전문가 그룹 인터뷰를 통한 지표의 검증 및 현장 적용의 연구방법을 통하여 모니터링 지표 및 관리체계를 도출하였다. 모니터링 지표는 단계별 검증절차를 거쳐서 총 17개의 공통지표와 각 지구의 특성을 반영하는 자율지표로 구성하여 제시하였다. 제시한 모니터링 지표들은 준비-지정-관리의 3단계로 구분하여 단계별로 적용가능한 지표를 제시하고, 측정시기와 방법, 측정주체 등 관리체계 구축에 필요한 항목들을 함께 제시하였다. 본 연구는 한국 국가중요농업유산의 보전과 관리를 위한 정책적 시사점을 제시하는 데 의의가 있다.

The purpose of the study focuses on the agriculture education services in the changing rural areas conditions such as population decline, aging society, and returning farmers. The study reviews the effects of agricultural education services on returning farmers and local residents for satisfaction, intention for recommendation, and intention to continue participation. Further, the study aims to investigate any difference in the level of satisfaction for two groups. The results suggested that there is a meaningful difference between return-farmers and local residents. Among the demographic variables, age and income showed a notable difference. However, sex, level of education and type of household did not suggest noticeable differences. In addition, the study accessed agricultural education from a service perspective and analyzed its service quality and customer satisfaction, loyalty and relationship using a service profit chain model. Like the result of most other studies, the analysis showed that these had positive relationships. While the study focused on the efficiency of agriculture education training program in agriculture technology centers, the study carries a meaningful value in that it discovered a meaningful difference in the satisfaction level between returning farmers and locals despite the fact that agriculture education was applied as a part of service. In practical terms, the study pointed out the need for consumer-centered education that reflects the characteristics of the groups rather than standardized education.

Weather is the most influential factor for crop cultivation. Weather information for cultivated areas is necessary for growth and production forecasting of agricultural crops. However, there are limitations in the meteorological observations in cultivated areas because weather equipment is not installed. This study tested methods of predicting the daily mean temperature in onion fields using geostatistical models. Three models were considered: inverse distance weight method, generalized additive model, and Bayesian spatial linear model. Data were collected from the AWS (automatic weather system), ASOS (automated synoptic observing system), and an agricultural weather station between 2013 and 2016. To evaluate the prediction performance, data from AWS and ASOS were used as the modeling data, and data from the agricultural weather station were used as the validation data. It was found that the Bayesian spatial linear regression performed better than other models. Consequently, high-resolution maps of the daily mean temperature of Jeonnam were generated using all observed weather information.

Agricultural meteorological information is an important resource that affects farmersʼ income, food security, and agricultural conditions. Thus, such data are used in various fields that are responsible for planning, enforcing, and evaluating agricultural policies. The meteorological information obtained from automatic weather observation systems operated by rural development agencies contains missing values owing to temporary mechanical or communication deficiencies. It is known that missing values lead to reduction in the reliability and validity of the model. In this study, the hierarchical Bayesian spatio–temporal model suggests replacements for missing values because the meteorological information includes spatio–temporal correlation. The prior distribution is very important in the Bayesian approach. However, we found a problem where the spatial decay parameter was not converged through the trace plot. A suitable spatial decay parameter, estimated on the bias of root–mean–square error (RMSE), which was determined to be the difference between the predicted and observed values. The latitude, longitude, and altitude were considered as covariates. The estimated spatial decay parameters were 0.041 and 0.039, for the spatio-temporal model with latitude and longitude and for latitude, longitude, and altitude, respectively. The posterior distributions were stable after the spatial decay parameter was fixed. root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and bias were calculated for model validation. Finally, the missing values were generated using the independent Gaussian process model.

1980년대 이후 세계적 기상이변으로 인한 식량부족 위기설이 대두되며 이를 해결하기 위한 농업R&D 대응방안이 시급하다는 지적이 나왔다. 미래 산업혁명의 기반은 연결(connectivity)이다. 사람과 사물, 사물과 사물 사이의 연결에서 오는 데이터가 사물인터넷(IoT), 인공지능(AI), 가상현실(VR) 등 지능 정보 서비스로 연결(connectivity)되어 있다. 급변하는 산업화시대 농업은 디지털 산업과 바이오기술의 융합을 통해 자연환경을 제어할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 개인 소비자 맞춤형 농산물을 생산할 수도 있다. 우리가 그동안 인식하고 있던 농업은 토양에서 농작물을 재배하고 수확하는 것으로서 생산량은 기술보다는 경지면적에 더 크게 좌우되는 산업이었다. 그러나 21세기 농업은 노동·토지·자본이라는 전통적인 농업 생산성 요소를 기술로 대체하게 된다는 의미로 해석 될 수 있으며 이러한 농업에서의 광고홍보 전략도 끊임없이 진화하고 있다. 광고는 현대의 핵심적인 커뮤니케이션 수단의 하나이다. 농업의 시장 환경이 불확실하고 과거처럼 생산만 하여도 끝없이 팔리던 시대는 끝났고, 해외 농산물의 수입 등으로 유동적인 시장에 대처하기 위해서는 끊임없이 새로운 아이디어를 창출하여 소비자들과 소통을 해야 한다. 과거 농업분야의 광고홍보포스터의 사례를 통해 진화과정을 분석하고, 미래 산업화시대의 ‘광고전략을 만들기 위한 조건’을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 통해 변화하는 한국 농업의 미래 키워드를 연구하고 전통적 농업과 스마트 기술의 결합으로 진화하는 광고홍보포스터의 방향을 제시하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.

In this study, we estimate the greenhouse farmers' willingness to pay of agricultural water supply through pipeline. First, in the questionnaire design, orthogonal design and block design were used to enhance the ease of survey. Second, the theoretical model was constructed through the setting of the probability utility function, and the parameters were estimated by using the conditional logit model. Third, all of the estimation coefficients were statistically significant at the 1% significance level. The results of analysis are summarized as follows. First, the probability of selection is increased when maintenance is carried out by Korea Rural Community Corporation or local government. Second, the probability of selection is increased when agricultural water supply through pipeline is higher than the current level. Third, if the Korea Rural Community Corporation carries out maintenance management, the marginal willingness to pay is 44 won per ton. And if the local government carries out maintenance management, the marginal willingness to pay is 25 won per ton. Fourth, according to the quality level of agricultural water supply, the marginal willingness to pay is 101 won, 114 won and 120 won per ton, respectively. This study can be used as a basic data on the cost setting for agricultural water supply through pipeline.

This study has been conducted to understand the relationships such as interspecific interactions between species and landscapes within and outside of agricultural land by identifying the flora features of Cornus officinalis farmlands in Gurye which designated as Korea's Important Agricultural Heritage System. For this, the flora of vascular plants was surveyed in every land uses of two representative districts. These two districts represent the own features of Cornus officinalis farming area which including land uses like forests(especially pine tree), valley, farmland(rice paddy, farms, Cornus officinalis farmland), and residence. Also differences in flora by stone wall’s existence and Cornus officinalis’s DBH were surveyed. As a result, Cornus officinalis farmlands showed the various vascular plants than the other land uses. According to the existence of stone wall in Cornus officinalis farmlands, there were no differences in appearance flora. But the flora in Cornus officinalis farmlands which have different Cornus officinalis’ DBH(Divided into average over 15cm and under 8cm), various plants were showed in average over 15cm than average under 8cm. In conclusion, Cornus officinalis farmlands have been actively engaged in various types of land use and species exchanges, including forests, valleys, villages, and fields, and it has been confirmed that it acts as an ecological axis connecting forests to villages.

The study aims to predict the behavior of tourists in Hadong County, which is registered as KIAHS. Based on the theory of planning behavior, we intend to verify the theory of planned behaviour, which adds descriptive parameters of the perceived value and prior knowledge of an agricultural heritage. In detail, first, the perceived value and prior knowledge of tourists about an agricultural heritage understand the influence of tourists’ Attitude. Second, we could see the role of the behavioral factors in the causal relationship of the planned behavioral theory. We have identified the planned behavioral theory that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptual behavior controls affect the intention of the revisit. Hadong should remember that by sending and providing various information about Hadong Green Tea and World Agricultural Heritage sites, it is possible to elicit changes in visitor attitudes and revisit visits.

Vertical farming systems offer many advantages in urban spaces. They have also been proposed as an engineering solution to increase the productivity per unit area of cultivated land by extending crop production in the vertical dimension. However, soil water retention is a major constraint affecting the plant environment. This study analyzed the effects of growth environment of Tropaeolum majus and Fragaria spp., on the vertical farming system, by using four different types of cover material types including sphagnum moss (Control), a shading net (S.N.), multi-layered fabric (M.L.F.), and non-woven fabric (N.W.F.). The volumetric soil moisture contents and plant characteristics were investigated from May to September 2014. Plant materials were individually cultivated in hanging baskets measuring 30×17×17 cm, filled with a mixture of soil and perlite, and placed at 1.5m height. Each treatment was performed in quadruplicate and consisted of five plants, amounting to a total of 20 plants. The analysis indicated that different covers were associated with multiple functions and soil water retention improvements may have a positive impact on the vertical farming system. The difference in soil water retention increased in the following order: M.L.F. > Control > N.W.F. > S.N.. Furthermore, the differences in plant height and survival rate increased in the following order: M.L.F. > Control > N.W.F. > S.N. Therefore, M.L.F yielded satisfactory good response for the vertical farming system of cover materials. Our results clearly demonstrate that vertical spaces represent an attractive alternative to urban farming and suggest that further increases in yield may be achieved via different cover materials in vertical farming using hanging baskets.

This study was conducted to investigate farmers’ satisfaction in organic farming technologies developed by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). The survey targeted farmers who were eco-friendly or interested in eco-friendly agriculture. 70% of the target farmers were doing eco-friendly farming, and the satisfaction rate of the technology developed by the RDA was 3.85 points. The satisfaction of the farmers who participated in demonstration and demonstration of the farming field of the developed technology was 4.00 and the satisfaction level of organic farming instruction manual was 3.95. In addition, 38.4% of the surveyed areas were found to be pest control areas, and the impacts on the satisfaction of the organic cultivation related technology utilization and the satisfaction of the organic cultivation guide were analyzed. As a result, the RDA needs to develop and supply customized technology for aged small farmers.

본 연구에서는 농업용 저수지의 저수율, 선행토양함수조건(AMC) 및 Huff 시간분포가 첨두유출량에 미치는 영향을 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하였다. 저수지 저수율, 선행토양함수조건 및 Huff 시간분포의 적용에 따라 4가지 경우에 대해 첨두홍수량을 산정하고 비교한 결과, 50~300년 빈도의 첨두홍수량은 저수율 100% 또는 AMCIII로 일괄 적용했을 때 각 조건의 발생확률을 고려한 첨두홍수량에 비해 20~30% 크게 산정되었다. Huff 3분위를 일괄 적용했을 때의 첨두홍수량은 발생확률을 고려한 Huff 분위 적용에 비해 5% 크게 산정되어, AMC와 저수지 저수율에 비해 첨두홍수량에 미치는 영향이 적었다.

국내 농업용 저수지 댐 시설물은 노후화 및 기후변화로 인한 여름철 강우량 증가로 인해 수자원관리에 대한 어려움뿐만 아니라 댐 월류에 따른 피해위험이 높을 것으로 전망된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기후변화를 고려한 농업용 저수지 수문학적 안전성을 평가하기 위해 농업용 저수지 1종 댐시설물을 대상유역으로 선정하였으며, 유역별 확률강우량, 기존에 제시된 Present PMP, 기상청 기후변화시나리오에 따른 Future PMP를 산정하였다. 또한, 기후변화에 따라 증가하는 강우량을 정량적으로 분석하고, 홍수량산정 및 저수지홍수추적을 실시하여 강우시나리오에 따른 농업용 저수지의 여유고를 분석하였다. 기후변화를 고려한 Future PMP를 이용하여 농업용 저수지 댐 시설물의 수문학적 안전성을 평가한 결과, 고삼, 금광, 미호, 청천저수지는 설계홍수위 이상의 최고수위가 발생함에 따라 월류위험에 취약할 것으로 분석되었다.

Domestic agricultural reservoir dam facilities are difficult to manage water resources because of the in summer rainfall increase due to aging and climate change, it is expected that the dam risk will be large due to the overflow. In this study, author selected study basin in order to evaluate hydrological safety of agricultural reservoir dam facilities. And calculated the probable rainfall, Present PMP, Future PMP considering climate change. Also, author carried quantitative analysis out for increasing rainfall due to climate change, analyze freeboard assessment of agricultural reservoir by calculate flood discharge, reservoir flood routing according to rainfall scenarios. As a result of evaluate hydrological safety of agricultural reservoir dam facilities using Future PMP considering climate change, Gosam, Kumkwang, Miho, Cheongcheon reservoir had the Highest Water Level over the design flood level, it is analyzed that it would be vulnerable to overflow risk.

가뭄은 여러 가지 요인에 의해 복합적으로 발생하는 현상으로 자연적 원인과 인위적 원인으로 구분할 수 있다. 우리나라는 기후학적 특성상 여름철에 태평양 고기압의 발달 시기가 빠르거나 평년보다 강하면 장마 기간이 짧아져 자연적인 원인에 의해 가뭄이 발생한다. 가뭄은 발생과정과 피해 영향에 따라 기상학적, 농업적, 수문학적, 사회경제적 가뭄으로 구분할 수 있으며 직 ․ 간접적으로 다른 가뭄에 영향을 미친다. 가뭄의 종류가 기상학적 가뭄에서 농업적 가뭄 혹은 기상학적 가뭄에서 수문학적 가뭄으로 변화되는 현상을 가뭄 전이라 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내의 가뭄 전이 발생여부와 발생 패턴을 검토하기 위해 수문기상 정보를 이용하여 기상학적 가뭄에서 농업적 가뭄으로의 전이 관계를 분석하였다. 가뭄 전이 발생 현황 및 특성 분석을 위해 가뭄 발생의 유형을 5가지로 구분하였으며, 유형에 따라 가뭄 전이가 발생하지 않거나 최대 3개월까지 지체되는 것을 확인하였다. 향후 더 많은 가뭄 지표들과의 분석을 통해 가뭄 전이 관계를 일반화한다면 기상학적 가뭄 발생 시 농업적 가뭄 예측을 위한 인자로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.