Background : Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara. is used to cure internal organ, which is called to important one of the five “Sam (ginseng)” oriental medicinal herbs included Panax ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Sophora flavescens, Scrophularia buergeriana. Korea imported 24 ton 129 thousand dollar for medicinal herbs and 23 ton 29 thousand dollar for food at 2013. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of several organic compost on the growth and root yield of A. triphylla var japonica with organic fertilizer. Methods and Results : Seeds were collected from Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara. at last year in nursery of Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA. Four types organic fertilizer (germiculture (GG), granular mix oil cake (CJ), mixed organic (DJ), plant oil cake (TG)), chemical fertilizer (CF) and non-fertilizer (NF) were treated. It was fertilized on soil before 2 month of planting. Seeds A. triphylla var. japonica were sowed in tray at early March and then were grown during 2 month. It were planted in furrowed nursery at early with 30 × 10 cm planting distance and black vinyl covering condition. Soil chemical property, survival rate, aerial part and root growth characteristics and yield were investigated at harvest time. For main composition analysis, 10 mg of standard (b-sitosterol, lupenone) was taken, 80% MeOH was added to dissolve in 10 ㎖ flask. 0.5, 1, 2, 4 ㎖ was taken from dissolved solution and then was added to 10 ㎖ of 80% MeOH. It was filtered through 0.45 ㎛ filter and then 5 μℓ was taken to make standard solution. Analytical calibration curve was measured to diluted solution within sample concentration. 2 g of ground sample was taken, 40㎖ of 80% MeOH was added to extract by ultrasound sonication during 60 minutes and then it was filtered through 0.2 ㎛ filter to analyze component content. Conclusion : GG and DJ were the most suitable for organic cultivation of denophora triphylla var. japonica. Content of beta-sitosterol showed the highest value in DJ treatment and the lowest value in CF. Content of lupenone showed the highest value in DJ and the lowest value in CJ.

Factors affecting germination of seeds in the forms of various environment and chemical compounds. The present study was aim to produced effective seed propagation method of Astilbe koreana (Kom.) Nakai which had expected high value for the cut flower, ornamental and pharmaceutical material. Seed width and length ranged 0.62, 2.22 ㎜, respectively, and weight of thousand seeds was 40.5 ㎎. As result of imbibition test, showed moisture content of fresh seed (2.57%) increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment under 24 hours, recording to maximum value of 29.8%, and expansion of the seed coat was observed. Seed germination was the best at 15℃ and light conditions (40.8%) among temperature and light conditions treated. Percent germination of seeds was improved under the low (15, 20℃) than high temperature (25, 30℃). In addition, the seed was not germinated at dark condition regardless of temperature. Seeds of A. koreana thus seemed that it had low temperature germinability conditions. To improve germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators such as GA3 and kinetin, and minerals as KNO3 and KCl. As a results, KNO3 treatment, regardless of concentrations, promoted germination compared to control. Especially, percent of germination (77.8%), germination energy (96.1%), mean germination time (11.3 days) and T50 (6.5 days) were effectively improved by treatment of KNO3 20 mM.

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of various eco light sources with various lighting distance in ‘Viking’ rose (Rosa spp.) on the growth and flowering quality to be applied for farm sites. Treatment included 10-, 20-, and 30-RL (-BL, -RBL, -FL, and -IL), which referred to red LED (blue LED, red+blue LED, fluorescent, and incandescent) lighting at 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm respectively, apart from flowers. NL referred to natural light as a control. Growth and flowering of ‘Viking’ rose were non-destructively measured at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment (WAT). FL treatment increased plant height at 4, 6, and 8 WAT, regardless of lighting distance, with the shortest height observed for the NL-treated flowers. 30 RL treatment also increased plant height at 6 and 8 WAT. Stem diameter and number of leaves were not significantly different for all the treatments at 8 WAT, with the lowest values observed for RBL treated-flowers among the light source treatments. Number of root was the greatest for the 30 BL-treated flowers (10.0) but the fewest for the 30 FL (4.7). Length of flower neck at 6 WAT was the extended by 6~7 cm in the 10 FL and 20 FL treatments as well as by 5~6 cm in the 20 RL and 30 RL treatments, inducing 100% of flowering. NL increased a* (29) of flower color, with the lowest value (10) observed for 20 RL. All things considered, 30 RL would be the best interaction treatment of source and distance of eco light to improve plant height and flowering quality of ‘Viking’ rose.

The objective of this study is to estimate the relationship among perceived value, perceived risk, satisfaction, purchase intention for environmental-friendly agricultural products. For this, we separate consumer with two groups that one is the experienced, the other is the not-experienced. Four factors is respectively adopted in perceived value and risk with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study show that emphasizing the value of environmental-friendly agricultural products is important to the not-experienced. And to decease the risk is more effective to the experienced for activating market.

The goal of this study was to examine the effects of urban forest program on environmental sensitivity, academic stress and academic achievement in high school students. Thirty high school students were assigned to an experimental group, which participated in weekly urban forest program, and thirty students to a control group. As a result, the experimental group showed the significant improvement in environmental sensitivity and academic achievement, and higher environmental sensitivity along with lower academic stress. The results suggest that, as urban forest program enhances environmental sensitivity of students, their academic stress was reduced, and the program may influence academic achievement positively.

기존의 젖산발효 공정은 순수배양을 통한 회분식 발효를 주로 이용하고 있다. 하지만 멸균과정의 필요와 생산성이 낮은 한계을 가지고 있는 등, 문제점들을 가지고 있어 혼합배양을 통한 연속식 발효가 대안이 될 수 있다. 혼합배양 환경에서는 젖산의 순도와 생산 효율을 높이기 위하여, 젖산균이 우세한 환경을 조성하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 젖산균이 강산성 조건에서 뛰어난 저항력이 있다는 기존 연구결과를 바탕으로, 혼합배양 환경에서의 강산성 조건의 초기 운전 조건(pH 3.0)이 연속식 젖산발효에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실험하였다. 초기 운전 조건을 pH 3.0으로 고정시킨 반응기에서 초기 운전 조건을 젖산발효의 최적 pH 조건(pH 5.5)으로 유지한 반응기보다 높은 최대 젖산 농도(6.12 g COD/L), 젖산생성속도(0.51 g COD/L/hr), 수율(0.65 g COD/g CODremoved), 그리고 함량(94.8% LA/tSOA)을 보였다. 미생물군집구조 분석 결과, 세균군집구조의 변화는 HRT가 짧아질수록 초기 pH조건보다 HRT에 의한 선택압력에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

Soil is the most important factor in natural environment for bio-diversity. Urbanization and development of city devastate urban soil by the fraternization of green network and run off pollution. In these facts, preservation of soil is the main issue in maintain of quality urban environment. In order to handle this issue, the gold network that link fragment soil patches is considered in maintain quality soil. This study researched the infiltration Treebox design technique based on the Low Impact Development. This technique suggest reduction of impervious area of the soil due to urbanization. The main concept of this study is encourage more permeable surfaces in urban area by using a infiltration planter. The function of the planter is hold run off as much as possible from intensive rainfall, and utilizes it in drought season. Also, this planter provides fertile soil for organism habitat by keeping appropriate moisture supplying.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of high temperature and deficit irrigation on growth and yield of hot pepper. Hot pepper was subjected to four irrigation treatments: fully irrigation (FI), 10, 20, and 30 days deficit irrigation (DI) combination with high temperature treatment. Control plants were grown natural environment and conventional culture methods. The plant height treated with high temperature was significantly higher than that of control plant. At FI combination with high temperature treatment, growth parameters such as stem diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry weight were the greatest. The yield was the greatest (2,036 kg/10a) under control, DI combination with high temperature treatment decreased by approximately 42% compare with FI combination with high temperature treatment. The number of abnormal fruits was approximately 38/plant under control, which was the smallest and that of 30 days DI combination with high temperature was higher 3.3 times compare with control. Flower abscission and calcium deficiency induced by DI treatments, especially those physiological disorder promoted by increasing DI treatments period. Results indicated that yield of hot pepper reduced by DI treatments, these results suggest that the growers should irrigate to proper soil moisture for preventing reduction of total fruit yield.

This study aims to prepare a solution necessary for boosting the consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products, positively reflecting consumers’ opinions that expect supplies of safe agricultural products to secure the domestic farms producing environment-friendly agricultural products and at the same time, to meet consumers’ needs. As a result of the hypothesis testing, of the subjective knowledge in Hypothesis 1, product knowledge had an impact on attitude, while purchase knowledge and use knowledge after purchase were not significant. Of the subjective knowledge in Hypothesis 2, purchase knowledge and product knowledge had significant impacts on purchase intention. Brand image in Hypothesis 3 had a significant impact on attitude, while brand image in Hypothesis 4 had a significant impact on purchase intention. As a result of the mediated regression analysis of Hypothesis 5, all of the subjective knowledge, purchase knowledge, product knowledge and use knowledge after purchase had an impact on purchase intention, partially mediated by attitude, and brand image, too, had an impact on purchase intention, partially mediated by attitude.

This study evaluated the lateral thermal deformation induced by environmental factors for a precast I-girder. Lateral temperature gradients across the cross-section of the girder were calculated using analytical equations based on daily solar radiation, temperature variation, and wind speed. Then the lateral thermal deformation showed an average of approximately 40% to 71% of the tolerance for the initial lateral deformation of the girder, defined in the PCI bridge design standard.

본 연구는 온라인 및 모바일 게임 이용자의 심리적 관점(준거집단, 정부규제, 게임 컨텐츠)에서 게임 이용 및 게임 과몰입과의 영향관계를 파악하고, 이를 통해 게임 과몰입을 줄일 수 있는 제안 점을 제시하고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 게임을 잘하는 것이 친구 들 사이의 인기요인으로 평가받기 보다는 육체적인 스포츠, 놀이 등 새로운 인기 요소를 발굴할 수 있도록 학교 및 가정 등에서 적극 지지해 주어야 한다. 둘째, 가족구성원들은 게임을 이용하지 못하게 하기보다는 규칙을 정해 일정 부분 이용하게 하고, 더 나아가 가족과의 대화, 관심꺼리 등 을 개발하도록 노력해야 한다. 셋째, 정부는 실질적인 조사 및 분석을 통해 정책안을 개발할 수 있 도록 노력해야 한다. 넷째, 게임사들은 스토리 및 기획 면에서 게임 이용자들이 관심을 가지고 이 용할 수 있도록 표현 및 구성에 더욱 신경을 써야 한다. 하지만 향후 다른 요인들로 인해 나타날 수 있는 과몰입측면도 고려하여 게임 개발에 임해야 한다. 다섯째, 게임 이용자들은 게임과 더불 어 새로운 여가 활동을 통해 좋은 경험과 재미 등을 느낄 수 있도록 노력해야 한다.

본 연구는 원예활동 복합 환경교육 프로그램을 설계하고, 초등학 생의 환경의식과 행동과 태도의 변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 확인 하고자 하였다. 이에, 초등학생 38명을 대상으로 프로그램을 실시 하고 전후 설문을 통하여 효과를 검증하였다. 프로그램은 8회차로 회당 120분으로 전반 60분은 이론수업, 후반 60분은 환경실습수업 으로 구성하여 진행하였으며, 원예활동 복합 환경교육 프로그램 실 시에 따른 초등학생의 환경인식, 환경태도, 환경행동의 변화를 확인 하였다. 그 결과, 모든 영역에서 유의미한 차이가 있었으며, 프로그 램 실시 전에 비하여 실시 후 수준이 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 환경 지식부문에서는 석탄사용연료 사용으로 인하여 지구온난화가 발 생한다는 지식에 대한 이해가 여타 부문에 비하여 높아지는 양상을 보였으며, 조작적 이해부문에서는 자연보호활동에 대한 참여 인식 및 재활용 사용 중요성 인식에 대한 이해가 다른 이해부문에 비하여 보다 높아지는 유의한 결과로 분석되었다. 환경가치 및 신념부문에 서는 화학약품의 사용 저감, 과학기술의 발전 가치, 자연보호를 위 한 편의 포기 항목에서 상대적으로 향상 폭이 높았으며, 정서영역부 문에서는 회사가 동물로 제품테스트하는 것에 화난다는 항목에서 상대적으로 큰 폭의 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. 환경자극경험 부문 중 학교에서의 경험에 대한 항목에서 상대적으로 큰 폭의 향상을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 활동진술영역 부문에서는 전반적으로 유의미한 차 이를 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 원예활동 복합 환경교육 프로그램 은 초등학생의 환경교육에 유의미하게 긍정적인 영향을 끼친다고 할 수 있다. 환경교육은 단순한 지식습득이나 이해의 교육이 아니라 태도와 가치관 교육이며, 습관의 형성에 의한 교육이기에 어린시기 에 이루어질수록 그 효과가 크다. 이에 초등학생의 환경교육은 환 경, 생태계 등에 대한 일반적 개념이 형성되는 시기라는 점에서 매 우 중요하며, 본 연구의 원예활동 복합 환경교육 프로그램의 실시 전후 결과는 초등학생을 위한 환경교육에 중요한 역할을 담당할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. 향후 각 환경교육 커리큘럼에 대응하는 환경 인식, 태도, 행동부문별 세밀한 분석에 관한 연구가 진행될 경우, 각 커리큘럼에 대응하는 부문의 긍정적 효과를 도출하는 데에 보다 유 용할 것으로 판단되며, 이는 보다 효과적인 초등학생 대상의 환경교 육 프로그램의 설계에 도움을 줄 것으로 예상된다.

본 연구는 친환경단감과원의 부유(Diospyros kaki ‘Fuyu’) 과실을 대상으로 창원과 창녕지역에서 발생한 저온내습(2012년 11월 2일)으로 인한 가을 동상해발생과 식재위치(표고) 및 나무 내에서의 착과 방향의 관계를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 창녕지역 과원의 과중과 과실횡경은 착과방향에 의해 강하게 영향을 받았으며(p<0.01), 과실종경과 동상해발생은 식재위치(p<0.01)와 깊은 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 과실경도와 과실종경은 각각 착과방향과 식재위치의 영향을 받는 것으로 밝혀졌다(p<0.05). 특히 동상해는 과원 하단에 식재된 나무의 과실(15.2%)과 잎(약 90%)에서 심하게 나타나 동상해의 주요 요인이 과원의 지형적 특징인 것으로 나타났다. 과실 동상해를 입은 과실은 과피에 수침상 반점이나 흔적이 발생했다. 한편 창원지역의 과원에서는 과실횡경이 식재위치의 영향을 받은 것(p<0.05)을 제외하고 식재위치와 착과방향이 과실의 생육 및 동상해발생에 영향을 주지 않았다.

In this experiment no solvent based polyurethane(PU) adhesives were prepared with the polyol, isocyanate, dioctyl phthalate(DOP), 2-hydroxyethylacrylate(2-HEA) and other acrylate monomers. The softenening point of the PU adhesives measured by Ring & Ball method were examined in the present study. And adhesion strength and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and 100% modulus of the PU adhesives were evaluated by Universal Test Machine. The experimental results showed that increase of both DPE-41, benzoylperoxide(BPO) and toluene diisocyanate(TDI) increased softenening point, adhesion strength, tensile strength and 100% modulus. However as DOP content increased sofenening point, adhesion strength decreased and tensile strength, 100% modulus also decreased.

본 연구는 국제여객터미널 대합실의 환경요소와 감정, 만족 간의 영향관계에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 일본으로 출국 하기 위하여 대기하고 있는 관광객을 대상으로 하였고, 자료 수집은 자기기입방식을 이용한 설문조사를 이용하였다. 그리고 설문지의 통계처리 는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하였고, 가설검증을 위하여 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 구조모형 검증결과 첫째, 대합실의 물리적 환경요소는 감 정에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대합실의 사회적 환경요소는 감정에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 감정은 만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 환경요소는 감정에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 장 소의 특성에 따라 환경적 요소들에 대한 관리가 요구되어진다. 또한 환경적 요소는 감정을 매개로 만족도에 영향을 미치게 되므로 관광객들의 감정에 부정적 영향을 미치지 않도록 국제여객터미널과 관련된 주체는 대합실 환경에 대한 지속적인 관심과 관광객들의 이용 만족도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 환경마련에 노력하여야 할 것이다.

Durability and structural safety of steel structure are severely affected by corrosion caused by deicer material as well as by airborne chlorides in the marine environment. In this study, based on analysis of current status it is suggested that deterioration and durability reduction by the environmental factor such as chlorides should be more reasonably taken into consideration for the accurate inspection and condition evaluation of steel structures.