국내에 분포하는 달맞이꽃속의 자생종은 없으며, 모두 귀 화식물이거나 원예용으로 식재하고 있으며, 이중 달맞이꽃 (O. biennis L.), 큰달맞이꽃(O. erythrosepala Borbas), 애 기달맞이꽃(O. laciniata Hill), 긴잎달맞이꽃(O. stricta Led.) 등 4종이 귀화된 것으로 보고 있다. 애기달맞이꽃의 경우 해안사구를 중심으로 자라며, 지면을 따라 방석처럼 옆으로 퍼져 나가 사구식물의 분포에 심각한 영향을 미치는 것으로 보이며, 현재 제주도와 남쪽 해안의 사구식생에 영 향을 미치고 있으며, 향후 기후변화의 영향으로 전국적인 확산이 이루어지고 특히 해안 사구식생과 하천의 사질토양 의 식생에 심각한 피해를 입힐 것으로 판단되는 식물이다. 애기달맞이꽃의 분포 및 분포특성을 파악하고 향후 분포변 화를 예측, 현재의 위해가능성이나 피해상황, 분포변화에 따른 피해를 예측해 사전에 예방하기 위한 목적과, 나아가 다른 귀화식물에 있어서도 위해성을 판단하는데 도움이 되 고자 본 연구를 진행 하였다. 애기달맞이꽃은 2014년 현지조사와 문헌조사를 통하여 분포 및 분포특성을 조사하였고 출현가능지역과 기후변화 에 따른 공간분포변화양상을 공간분포모델링(maxent)을 이용하여 진행하였다. 애기달맞이꽃의 분포지역은 휴경지에서 해안사구 식 생, 도로변 등 나지에서 단경초지에까지 분포가 확인된다. 하지만 단경초지일지라도 평균 초장 20cm이상, 식피 율 60%이상 되는 조건에서는 확인되지 않고 있어 빛에 의한 발아율의 저하로 보인다. 토양의 경우는 사토가 대 부분이며, 일반적으로 물빠짐이 좋은 토양에서 확인되 고 있었다. 훼손 후 경과년도는 대략적으로 3년 이내였 으며, 이차초지가 대부분으로 확인되었다. 토습은 물빠 짐이 좋은 토양에 주로 확인되어 비교적 건조한 지역이 었으며, 분포형태는 모두 군생하거나 융단형으로 나타 났다. 제주도지역에서는 휴경지나 도로변을 중심으로 해발 500m까지 침투해 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 애기달맞이꽃이 생육하는 지역에서 조사된 관속식물 은 총 32과 71속 87종 3변종으로 총 90분류군의 관속식 물이 혼생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 출현 빈도에 의해서 는 갯메꽃, 쑥이 빈도 9로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 띠 빈도 6, 갯무, 순비기나무, 갯금불초, 갯씀바귀, 사철쑥 등은 빈도 5로 나타났다. 빈도 3이상 (출현율 25%이상)인 식 물은 24분류군으로 확인되었고 해변의 모래사장에서 확 인되는 식물은 11분류군, 이차초원의 대표적인 식물이 13분류군으로 확인되어 애기달맞이꽃의 분포유형을 대 별하고 있으며, 해변의 모래사장 뿐만 아니라 이와 유사 한 환경인 물빠짐이 좋은 토양의 이차초원에도 많은 분 포를 보일 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 애기달맞이꽃의 분포지에는 식물구계학적 특정 식물 종 Ⅰ등급 11종, Ⅲ등급 2종, Ⅳ등급 1종, Ⅴ등급 1종 등 총 15종이 확인되었으며 전체 식물상의 16.6%에 해 당되는 것으로 나타났다. 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 Ⅰ등급 종의 사철나무, 거지덩굴 등을 제외하면 모두 해 안사구나 모래사장 등을 선호하거나 특정서식유형을 갖 는 식물로 애기달맞이꽃이 선호하는 환경과 겹치고 있 다. 모래사구 등의 특정 분포지는 일반적으로 지피층의 밀도가 높지 않아 애기달맞이꽃에 의한 교란에 취약한 지역으로 예상된다. 애기달맞이꽃이 선호하는 입지 중 이차초지의 경우 음지에서 발아율이 저하되는 특성으로 다년생 초본에 의해 점차 줄어들 것으로 보인다. 공간분포모델링의 AUC값은 0.93으로 애기달맞이꽃 분 포 모형의 적합도가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 모형적 합도와 분포예측지에 영향을 미치는 주요 환경변수의 기여 도값 가운데 건기평균온도에 해당되는 bio9(Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter)이 52.3%로 가장 높게 나타 났으며, 순차적으로 배수등급이 11.5%, 등온평균기온에 해 당되는 bio3(Isothermality=it)이 7.7%, 표토토성이7.6%, 우 기달의강우량인 b13(Precipitation of Wettest Month)이6.7%, 토지피복지도가 3.4%, 최고기온분기의강우량인 bio18(Precipitation of Warmest Quarter)이 3.3%, 연강우 량인 b12(Annual Precipitation)rk 2.7%, 최고건조달의강우 량인 b14(Precipitation of Driest Month)가 2.6%, 모재가 2.4% 순으로 나타남, 반면에 bio1, bio2, bio4, bio5, bio6, bio7, bio8, bio13, bio15, bio17, bio19, 해발값 등은 기여도 가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 잠재 분포지역은 제주도와 남해안을 중심으로 나타났으 며, 미래시나리오인 RCP 8.5(2000-2050년)의 경우 한반도 에서의 미래 분포확산은 강원도 등 해발고도 및 산지를 제 외하고 대부분의 면적에 확산이 진행된 것으로 나타났다. 해안의 모래사장을 선호하는 특징으로 기후변화에 따라 서 동해안과 서해안의 해안을 따라 북상할 것으로 예상되었 으나 해당지역의 겨울철 평균온도가 낮아 잠재 분포지와 기후변화에 따른 미래 확산가능지역에서는 제외 되는 결과 를 얻었다. 애기달맞이꽃의 현재 잠재 분포지가 남해안을 중심으로 나타나고 기후변화에 따라 내륙으로 깊숙이 침투 될 것으로 예상되어 남해안의 해안사구 식생과 하천의 모래 사장등의 특정 환경을 선호하는 식물에 큰 영향을 미칠 것 으로 보인다. 일반적인 교란지역이나 이차초지에서는 빛이 없는 곳에서 발아율이 낮아지는 특성으로 인해 점차 사라질 것으로 예상되지만 해안사구의 경우는 심각한 피해를 입힐 것으로 예상된다.

PURPOSES: In this study, alkali-activated blast-furnace slag (AABFS) was investigated to determine its capacity to absorb carbon dioxide and to demonstrate the feasibility of its use as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In addition, this study was performed to evaluate the influence of the alkali-activator concentration on the absorption capacity and physicochemical characteristics. METHODS: To determine the characteristics of the AABFS as a function of the activator concentration, blast-furnace slag was activated by using calcium hydroxide at mass ratios ranging from 6 to 24%. The AABFS pastes were used to evaluate the carbon dioxide absorption capacity and rate, while the OPC paste was tested under the same conditions for comparison. The changes in the surface morphology and chemical composition before and after the carbon dioxide absorption were analyzed by using SEM and XRF. RESULTS: At an activator concentration of 24%, the AABFS absorbed approximately 42g of carbon dioxide per mass of paste. Meanwhile, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed onto the OPC was minimal at the same activator concentration, indicating that the AABFS actively absorbed carbon dioxide as a result of the carbonation reaction on its surface. However, the carbon dioxide absorption capacity and rate decreased as the activator concentration increased, because a high concentration of the activator promoted a hydration reaction and formed a dense internal structure, which was confirmed by SEM analysis. The results of the XRF analyses showed that the CaO ratio increased after the carbon dioxide absorption. CONCLUSIONS : The experimental results confirmed that the AABFS was capable of absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide, suggesting that it can be used as a dry absorbent for carbon capture and sequestration and as a feasible alternative to OPC. In the formation of AABFS, the activator concentration affected the hydration reaction and changed the surface and internal structure, resulting in changes to the carbon dioxide absorption capacity and rate. Accordingly, the activator ratio should be carefully selected to enhance not only the carbon capture capacity but also the physicochemical characteristics of the geopolymer.

Cracking is an inevitable fact of asphalt concrete pavements and plays a major role in pavement deterioration. Pavement cracking is one of the main factors determining the frequency and method of repair. Cracks can be treated with a number of preventative maintenance actions, including overlay surface treatments such as slurry sealing, crack sealing, or crack filling. Pavement cracks can show up as one or all of the following types: transverse, longitudinal, fatigue, block, reflective, edge, and slippage. Crack sealing is a frequently used pavement maintenance treatment because it significantly extends the pavement service life. However, crack sealant often fails prematurely due to a loss of adhesion. Because current test methods are mostly empirical and only provide a qualitative measure of the bond strength, they cannot accurately predict the adhesive failure of the sealant. This study introduces a laboratory test aimed at assessing the bonding of hot-poured crack sealant to the walls of pavement cracks. A pneumatic adhesion tensile testing instrument (PATTI) was adopted to measure the bonding strength of the hot-poured crack sealant as a function of the curing time and temperature. Based on a limited number of test results, the hot-poured crack sealants have very different bonding performances. Therefore, this test method can be proposed as part of a newly developed performancebased standard specification for hot-poured crack sealants for use in the future. PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the adhesion and failure performance of a crack sealant as a function of its curing time and curing temperature. METHODS: A pneumatic adhesion tensile testing instrument (PATTI) was adopted to measure the adhesion performance of a crack sealant as a function of the curing time and curing temperature. RESULTS: With changes in the curing time, curing temperature, and sealant type, the bond strengths were found to be significantly different. Also, higher bond strengths were measured at lower temperatures. Different sealant types produced completely different bond strengths and failure behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The bonding strength of an evaluated crack sealant was shown to differ depending on various factors. Two sealant types, which were composed of different raw materials, were shown to perform differently. The newly proposed test offers the possibility of evaluating anddifferentiatingbetweendifferentcracksealants.Basedonalimitednumberoftestresults,this test method can be proposed as part of a newly developed performance-based standard specification for crack sealants or as part of a guideline for the selection of hot-poured crack sealant in the future.

In the safety assessment of the geological disposal system of the radioactive wastes, the abnormal scenarios, in which the system is impacted by the abnormal events, need to be considered in addition to the reference scenario. In this study, characterization and prediction of well intrusion as one of the abnormal events which will impact the disposal system were conducted probabilistically and statistically for the safety assessment. The domestic well development data were analyzed, and the prediction methodologies of the well intrusion were suggested with a computation example. From the results, the annual well development rate per unit area in Korea was about 0.8 well/yr/km2 in the conservative point of view. Considering the area of the overall disposal system which is about 1.5 km2, the annual well development rate within the disposal system could be 1.2 well/yr. That is, it could be expected that more than one well would be installed within the disposal system every year after the institutional management period. From the statistical analysis, the probabilistic distribution of the well depth followed the log-normal distribution with 3.0363 m of mean value and 1.1467 m of standard deviation. This study will be followed by the study about the impacts of the well intrusion on the geological disposal system, and the both studies will contribute to the increased reliability of safety assessment.

This paper presents the structural model verification process of whole wind turbine blade including blade model which proposed in Part1 paper. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Phase VI wind turbine which the wind tunnel and structural test data has publicly available is used for the study. In the Part1 of this paper, the processes of structural model development and verification process of blade only are introduced. The whole wind turbine composed by blade, rotor, nacelle and tower. Even though NREL has reported the measured values, the material properties of blade and machinery parts are not clear but should be tested. Compared with the other parts, the tower which made by steel pipe is rather simple. Since it does not need any considerations. By the help of simple eigen-value analysis, the accuracy of structural stiffness and mass value of whole wind turbine system was verified by comparing with NREL's reported value. NREL has reported the natural frequency of blade, whole turbine, turbine without blade and tower only models. According to the comparative studies, the proposed material and mass properties are within acceptable range, but need to be discussing in future studies, because our material properties of blade does not match with NREL's measured values.

This study was targeted on the Korean, Chinese, and Japanese parents of preschoolers to investigate the importance and satisfaction of foodservice quality and the importance and performance of foodservice management of the preschool foodservice establishments. The present study conducted a survey on 390 randomly chosen parents of preschoolers (130 Korean, 130 Chinese, and 130 Japanese). Respondents' importance-satisfaction of foodservice quality characteristics and their importance-performance of foodservice management were measured. In order to test for differences between the groups, paired t-test, one way ANOVA, and IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) were performed. The results were as follows. The importance of foodservice quality was significantly higher than the satisfaction on all items, according to the parents of Korea, China, and Japan. The importance of foodservice quality was higher in Korean parents than in Chinese and Japanese parents. According to ISA results with foodservice quality characteristics, the characteristics with relatively low satisfaction but high importance (II quadrant) was 'Diversity of menu' in both Korean and Chinese parents, and 'Sanitation of tables and chairs' in both Korean and Japanese parents. The importance of foodservice management was significantly higher than performance on all items in Korean, Chinese and Japanese parents. The performance of foodservice management was higher in Chinese than in Japanese and Korean parents. According to IPA results with foodservice management, the management with relatively low performance but high importance (II quadrant) was 'Preparation' in Korean parents, and 'Facility and equipment' in Japanese parents. Therefore, the items with relatively low satisfaction (performance) and high importance should be well-managed.

In this study, cation and anion exchange process for performance evaluation was conducted. A pilot plant for the ultrpure water production was installed with the capacity of 25 m3/d. The various production rate and regeneration of ion exchange rate were tested to investigate the design parameters. The test resulst was applied to calculate the operating costs. Changing the flow rate of the ion exchange capacity of the reproduction reviewed the cation exchange process as opposed to the design value is 120 to 164% efficiency , whereas both anion exchange process is 82 to 124% efficiency, respectively. This results can be applied for more large scale plant if the scale up parameters are consdiered. The ion exchange capacity of the application in accordance with the design value characteristic upon application equipment is expected to be needed. In this study, the performance of cation and anion exchange resin process was evaluated with pilot plant(25m3/d). The ion exchange capacity along with space velocity and regeneration volume was evaluated. In results, the operation results was compared with design parameters.

PURPOSES : In this study, an image analysis method is used to evaluate the pore structure characteristics and permeability of hybrid concrete. METHODS: The binder weight of hybrid concrete is set to 400 kg/m3, 370kg/m3, and 350 kg/m3, and for each value of binder weight, the pore structure and permeability of concrete mixture is evaluated. The permeability of hybrid concrete is evaluated using a rapid chloride penetration test(RCPT). RESULTS : The concrete pore structure characteristics of hybrid concrete reveals that as the binder weight is reduced, the entrained air is reduced and the entrapped air is increased. The permeability of the hybrid concrete for all values was measured to be below 1000 C, which indicates a "Very Low" level of permeability relative to the evaluation standard of KS F 2711. Additionally, as the binder weight is decreased, there is a significant increase in the permeability of chloride ions. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, the pore structure characteristics of hybrid concrete at different binder weights shows that as the binder weight is reduced, the entrained air is reduced and the entrapped air is increased. Consequently, chloride ion penetration resistance of the hybrid concrete is diminished. As a result, it is expected that this will reduce the concrete’s durability.

일반적으로 CFRP 레저선박의 상부구조물은 동급전장 타 선박보다 매우 작은 경향을 보이고 있는데, 이는 풍압면적에 의한 횡요저항력과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 CFRP 레저선박의 이러한 상부구조물 형상 특성을 풍압면적 변화에 따른 복원안정성 분석을 통해 파악하고자 한다. GFRP 레저선박과 CFRP 레저선박의 선체 및 상부구조물 형상 특성을 상호 비교하고, CFRP 레저선박의 상부구조물 형상변화를 통해 그 변화가 복원안정성에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 GFRP, CFRP 레저선박 총 10척의 형상을 비교, 분석하여 선체와 상부구조물 간의 형상 추세를 파악하였고, ISO 12217에 따른 횡요저항력 추정 및 복원안정성 평가 프로그램 개발을 통해 상부구조물의 형상 변화와 복원안정성 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과, CFRP 레저선박의 풍압면적 분포경향은 GFRP 레저선박과 비슷하였으나, 상대적으로 상부구조물 형상 비율은 절반정도 크기에 그치는 경향을 보였다. 또한 CFRP 레저선박의 상부구조물 크기를 동급전장의 GFRP 선박 상부구조물 면적 비율 이상(10%) 증가시키는 경우 횡요저항력에 의한 복원성능에 문제가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

목 적: 본 연구는 SnO2를 모체로 하는 투명전도성 박막을 제조하기 위하여, 가용성 염인 Sn-Chloride와 H3PO4를 출발물질로 사용하였으며, 졸-겔법으로 박막을 제조하여 특성평가를 연구함이다. 방 법: Spin coating기를 이용하여 코팅용액을 기판에 떨어뜨린 후 공기분위기에서 2000 rpm으로 10초간 기판을 회전하여 박막을 도포하며, 500℃로 10분간 열처리하여 P-doped SnO2 박막을 제조하였다. 결 과: 박막의 표면에는 코팅 횟수가 5회, 10회의 경우에는 기공이나 크랙이 나타나지 않았으나 15회 및 20회로 증가함에 따라 미세한 기공들이 관찰되었다. 가시영역에서의 투과율은 5회 및 10회 코팅한 박막의 경우 약 85~90%을 나타내고 있으나, 코팅횟수가 15회 및 20회로 증가함에 따라 박막의 투과율은 80% 이하로 급격히 감소하였다. 4-probe법을 이용한 전기저항은 박막의 코팅횟수가 10회일 경우에 2.7×10-4Ω·cm-1이었으며, 코팅회수가 15회 및 20회로 증가함에 따라 9.8×10-3Ω?cm-1 및 8.3×10-2Ω·cm-1으로 박막의 저항값은 급격히 증가하였다. 결 론: 10회 코팅한 박막의 가시영역에서의 투과율은 85~90%로 매우 높았으며, 저항 값은 2.7×10-4Ω?cm-1로 투명 전도막으로 사용하기에 충분한 특성을 나타냈다.

본 연구에서는 살포비행의 주된 요운동과 순항비행에 대하여 시뮬레이션과 비행실험을 통해 얻은 적정 제어이득을 적용하여, 농용헬리콥터의 수동과 제어비행에서 순항비행 및 요의 행동을 비교하였다. 수동의 경우는 조종간의 입력 즉, 서보의 입력은 그대로 서보의 출력으로 전달되어 헬리콥터의 비행자세와 반응으로 나타나므로 조종자에 있어 높이와 자세를 유지하는데 높은 숙련도와 노력이 필요하였다. 반면 상용제어기의 적용은 기본적인 자세 및 요의 제어를 제공 받으므로 조종자가 살포작업에 편이성을 제공받을 수 있었다. 수동비행에서 요각의 행태는 편류비행의 결과를 보였으나, 제어에서는 목표진행 방위각에서 안정되게 유지되었다. 또한 수동 순항비행에서는 롤 및 피치각의 자세가 숙련된 조종자에 의해 ±6.9°(±0.11 rad) 정도의 롤 및 피치각의 큰 변동폭을 경험하였다. 반면 자세제어 비행에서는 ±2.8°(±0.05 rad) 정도의 안정된 변동폭을 유지하였다. 따라서, 상용제어기를 적용함으로써 요운동으로 방향을 유지하고 순항비행에서 살포높이와 속도를 조절하는데 조종자의 편이성을 제공 할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

Micro structure observation for low carbon steel base material and heat treatment(annealing), performing a tensile test and impact test, the specimen after the impact test is intended to evaluate the crack propagation characteristics by performing a fractal dimension analysis. The tensile strength of the base materials were observed higher compared to the heat treated materials, impact absorbed energy of heat treated materials was a higher than base materials. Impact Test and fractal dimension of the side of the test specimen was shown significantly more test temperature increases, heat treated material was higher than the base material

In this study, the porous ceramic filter was developed to be able to remove both dust and hazardous gas contained in fuel gas at high temperature. The porous ceramic filters were fabricated and used as a catalyst support. And the effects have been investigated such as the mean particle size, organic content and addition of foaming agent on the porosity, compressive strength and pressure drop of ceramic filters. With the increase of mean powder size and the organic content for the cordierite filter, the porosity was increased, but the compressive strength and pressure drop were decreased. From the results of the research, the optimum condition for the fabrication of ceramic filters could be acquired and they had the porosity of 58%, the compressive strength of 13.4 MPa and the pressure drop of 250 Pa. It was expected that this ceramic filter was able to be applied to the glass melting furnace, combustor, and dust/toxic gas removal filter.

수집된 주름버섯류의 233점의 phylogenic relationship 을 분류하고 자실체형태를 조사하였다. 리보좀 DNA의 ITS 부분의 염기서열을 분석을 통해 38점이 다르게 동정 되었다. 수집된 주름버섯의 계통수에서는 양송이와 여름 양송이가 group A 내에서 주름버섯은 group B에서 가까 운 유연관계를 보였다. 또한 수집된 국가별 및 양송이내 갓색에 따른 유연관계가 있는 지 알아보았으나, 그 차이 는 없었다. 수집된 주름버섯류의 자실체 특성을 조사하기 위해 1차, 2차 두 번 재배를 하였다. 이 결과로 주름버섯 류 수집균주의 재배의 유무를 알 수 있었고, 버섯 종류와 시기에 따른 수확량 및 자실체의 특성을 비교를 통해 주 름버섯이 2차 재배시 수확량 및 경도에서 우수한 특성을 보이며, 양송이 중에는 비백색양송이가 단단하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 여름양송이의 초발이 소요일수와 갈 색양송이의 갓 색이 외부환경에 영향을 받는 다는 것을 보여주었다.

This study is to construct the spatial information of river environment by surveying and analysing the river ecosystem using the physical structure and vegetation, and present the assessment result of natural properties. The assessment items of habitat were 4 units including special river bed structure, vertical shoal, deposit diversity and special waterway structure. In physical structure, the items were 7 units including adjacent landuse, cross section type, bank material and so forth. The dominant species were Phragmites japonica, Phragmites communis, Salix koreensis, Persicaria thunbergii and Typha orientalis. The river bed materials were made up of sand, gravel, clay and concrete. The assessment results of natural properties were classified into 5 grades, 1 grade is the highest and 5 grade is the lowest. From results that calculating the assessment grade of natural properties, there mainly showed 4 grade in Gaeumjeong stream, 3 grade in Namsan stream and Nam stream, 4 grade in Naedong stream and Daebang stream, 3 grade in Bongrim stream, 2 grade in Sangbok stream, 3 grade in Yanggok stream, 4 grade in Wanam stream, 3 grade in Changwon stream and Towol stream and 5 grade in Hanam stream. In the assessment results, Sangbok stream was the highest, and Hanam stream was the lowest. In the future, the restoration method would have to be drawn up according to the assessment results of natural properties, and the way the weighting of indicators needs to be applied.

This paper presents the structural model development and verification processes of wind turbine blade. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Phase VI wind turbine which the wind tunnel and structural test data has publicly available is used for the study. The wind turbine assembled by blades, rotor, nacelle and tower. The wind blade connected to rotor. To make the whole turbine structural model, the mass and stiffness properties of all parts should be clear and given. However the wind blade, hub, nacelle, rotor and power generating machinery parts have difficulties to define the material properties because of the composite and assembling nature of that. Nowadays to increase the power generating coefficient and cost efficiency, the highly accurate aerodynamic loading evaluating technique should be developed. The Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) is the emerging new way to evaluate the aerodynamic force on the rotating wind blade. To perform the FSI analysis, the fluid and structural model which are sharing the associated interface topology have to be provided. In this paper, the structural model of blade development and verifying processes have been explained for Part1. In following Part2 paper, the processes of whole turbine system will be discussing.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the curing and adhesive behavior of asphalt emulsions including polymer-modified emulsions for chip seals and fog seals. METHODS : For the laboratory testing, the evaporation test, the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test, and the Vialit test are used. Also, the rolling ball test and the damping test are employed to evaluate the curing properties of the fog seal emulsions. In order to conduct all the tests in controled condition, all test procedures are performed in the environmental chamber. The CRS-2L and the SBS CRS-2P emulsions are used as a polymer-modified emulsion, and then unmodified emulsion, the CRS-2, is compared for the evaluation of chip seal performance. For the fog seal performance evaluation, two types of polymer-modified emulsions (FPME-1 and FPME-2) and one of unmodified emulsion, the CSS-1H, are employed. All the tests are performed at different curing times and temperatures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Overall, PMEs show better curing and adhesive behavior than non-PMEs regardless of treatments types. Especially, the curing and adhesive behavior of PMEs is much better than non-PMEs before 120 minutes of curing time. Since all the test results indicate that after 120 minutes of curing time the curing adhesive behavior of emulsions, the early curing time, i.e., 120 minutes, plays an important role in the performance of chip seals and fog seals.

The existing metal getters are invariably covered with thin oxide layers in air and the native oxide layer must be dissolved into the getter materials for activation. However, high temperature is needed for the activation, which leads to unavoidable deleterious effects on the devices. Therefore, to improve the device efficiency and gas-adsorption properties of the device, it is essential to synthesize the getter with a method that does not require a thermal activation temperature. In this study, getter material was synthesized using palladium oxide (PdOx) which can adsorb H2 gas. To enhance the efficiency of the hydrogen and moisture absorption, a porous layer with a large specific area was fabricated by an etching process and used as supporting substrates. It was confirmed that the moisture-absorption performance of the SiO2/Si was characterized by water vapor volume with relative humidity. The gas-adsorption properties occurred in the absence of the activation process.

In this study, the ventilation of duct is simulated by CFD and thermal changes on the seat surface are measured experimentally. These models are the improved duct and the existing one installed at the real seat in order to test the thermal change 1 minute later. The seat with the existing duct has the temperatures of 26℃ and 25℃ on lumber and femoral parts respectively. However, the seat with the improved duct has the temperature of 1℃ lower than the seat with the existing duct. This result contributes to develop the improved duct. Hereafter, the methods used in this study are expected to be useful at checking the flow resistance loss of the ventilation seat duct and assessing the flow channel design

Researcher of this study improved conventional circle secondary settling basin, through the way such as extend of inlet pipe length, introduction of device for inducting uniforming of flow, keeping of height of sludge interface. Also, we compared conventional circle settling basin to improved circle settling basin the water treatment efficiency. Result of research, when SVI is average 117, improvement rate of SS and BOD were 51.0%, 37.0% approximately compared to conventional settling basin. And when SVI is average 178, improvement rate of SS and BOD were 22.7%, 36.0% approximately. Also when SVI is average 196, improvement rate of SS and BOD were 24.7%, 30.3% approximately. When it’s winter, improvement rate of SS, BOD, COD, TN and TP were 20.6%, 17.9%, 13.9%, 13.5%, 12.4% approximately. Therefore, we can be the judge, this improved settling basin can be used as the final settling basin in the waste water treatment plant.