1990년대 중국의 개혁개방과 더불어 국영기업의 민영화가 가져온 下崗, 사회 배급시스템의 중지, 도농간의 빈부격차 등의 부작용은 수많은 하위계층을 양산해내면서, 그들을 사회의 주변으로 내몰고 압박하였다. 그리고 지배이데올로기의 부작용에 노출된 하위계층의 삶과 일상을 재현하는 영화들이 등장하면서 중국 사회의 구조가 안고 있는 모순과 문제점을 포착하였다. 그리고 지배이데올로기의 순기능을 확산하는 영화도 나타나기 시작하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 구도를 저항과 순응의 측면에서 파악하고 있다. <안양의 고아>, <인재경도>, <삼협호 인> 등의 영화를 중심으로 저항과 순응의 관점을 제시하고자 한다.

Predicting a box office gross in the film industry is an important goal. Many works have analyzed the elements of a film making. Previous studies have suggested several methods for predicting box office such as a model for distinguishing people's reactions by using a sentiment analysis, a study on the period of influence of word-of-mouth effect through SNS. These works discover that a word of mouth (WOM) effect through SNS influences customers’ choice of movies. Therefore, this study analyzes correlations between a box office gross and a ratio of people reaction to a certain movie by extracting their feedback on the film from before and after of the film opening. In this work, people’s reactions to the movie are categorized into positive, neutral, and negative opinions by employing sentiment analysis. In order to proceed the research analyses in this work, North American tweets are collected between March 2011 and August 2012. There is no correlation for each analysis that has been conducted in this work, hereby rate of tweets before and after opening of movies does not have relationship between a box office gross.

As the size of the wind turbine tower becomes larger and larger, research on assembled wind turbine tower that is advantageous for transportation and installation is continuing. Large wind turbine tower require door openings for maintenance. The opening of the tower has an irregular cross section, and an excessive stress is generated due to the door opening. The result is structural damage to the tower and many accidents. In this research, stress analysis was performed on a model with internal stiffener to prevent excessive stress. The stress was investigated around the openings where the tower was resonant and excessive stressed, and the shape of the openings was optimized. Through optimization, we confirmed that the maximum stress was reduced by about 6% with respect to the initial value.

The objective of this paper is to: (1) examine the feasibility of using psychophysiological methods in luxury marketing; (2) compare the capability of psychophysiological methods to capture emotion beyond those measured by self-report methods; and (3) better under luxury consumers’ emotion processes. Measuring consumers’ emotion with self-report methods has remained a challenge in luxury marketing (Atwal & Williams, 2009; Kumar & Garg, 2010). In comparison to self-report measure, psychophysiological methods promise to provide a scientific, objective and sensitive measure of the neurophysiological basis of emotional processes (Karmarkar & Yoon, 2016; Li, Scott, & Walters, 2014; Wang & Minor, 2008). Yet, few studies in luxury marketing have used these methods. In this study, brain wave analysis, heart rate, skin conductance, and facial expression will therefore be used to investigate consumers’ emotional response toward luxury marketing stimuli. The findings of this study will therefore provide both researchers and managers a test of concept to apply multiple psychophysiological methods in luxury marketing. This provide potential avenues for managers to better understand and manage the unobservable psychological processes that underlie luxury consumers’ behaviour.

Cylindrical steel shell sections have been applied in various engineering fields particularly in recent installations of wind turbine towers. Hence, many researchers are interested in studying cylindrical steel shell structures. However, studies on the effect of the presence or absence of openings are insufficient. Thus, the design criteria for the opening as well as the behavior of wind turbine tower are not clearly presented. Therefore, this study examines the ultimate strength and the behavior of wind tower in consideration of openings, presence of stiffeners, changes in opening width, and thickness variation of stiffeners. ABAQUS, a universal finite element analysis program, was used in to conduct this research. Finally, the results of this study can be a reference for the design and production of wind towers with openings.

As the size of the wind power becomes larger, the development of the assembly type wind power which is advantageous in transportation and installation is active. This advantage comes from the economic point of view, and the stiffener is applied to the inner side, so that the safety is high. Large wind power require door openings for maintenance. The door opening has an irregular cross-section, and an excessive stress active due to the door opening. In this paper, the stresses occurring around the door opening was analyzed. As a result, small stress values were appeared in the tower, as the number of stiffeners were increased. Also, stress values were decreased a little in the tower as the opening shape become to ellipse was closer.

The difficulties in opening and closing a sport utility vehicle (SUV) tailgate is important aspect of JD (James David) power’s Initial Quality Survey (IQS) assessment, and affective quality has a big impact on the the success of thesedays products. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perceived difficulty and satisfaction of customers by the opening and closing of the tailgate and to grasp the relationship between them and the opening and closing reaction force. The mechanical force required to open and close 42 domestic and overseas SUV tailgates was measured with the help of an auto company. In the experiment, 100 male drivers in their 20s to 50s evaluated perceived difficulty and satisfaction with opening and closing the tailgate. The results of the analysis showed that perceived difficulty and satisfaction were statistically different depending on the vehicle, but did not depend on the personal characteristics of the participants. The perceived difficulty and satisfaction regression model of tailgate opening and closing was developed by mechanical force variables and had a relatively high adjusted R2 ranging from 0.62 to 0.73. The models showed that the the initial close and open force, the difference between initial and maximum close force and the difference between initial and auto-fall angle should be small for the low perceived exertion and high satisfaction. In addition, the correlation analysis between IQS score of tailages and perceived difficulty and satisfaction showed that the IQS scores were more related to the perceived difficulty and satisfaction of closing than those of opening. The results of the study will be helpful to design and test mechanical open and close structure of SUV tailgates.

In this study, nonlinear finite element analysis based on the Modified Compression Field Theory has been conducted to evaluate shear strength of RC walls with opening. On the analysis, reinforcement ratio within development length of rebars nearby the opening was reduced in the model in order to investigate the effect of opening on shear strength of RC shear walls. The nonlinear finite element analysis has been verified through comparison with the test result in literature. Through the verification, it was investigated that the analysis considering the development length of rebars well reflected the effect of an opening on shear strength of RC shear walls while current design provisions did not reasonably consider one.

1998년에 국내 주식시장이 전면 개방됨에 따라, 외국인자본이 국내 주식시장에 거대한 투자주체로 등 장하게 되었다. 일반적으로 외국인투자자는 정보비대칭으로 말미암아 국내 주식시장에 대한 투자에 있어 서 열위를 가질 수 있는 동시에, 반대로, 선진화된 분석기법과 투자기법으로 투자수익에 있어서 우위를 보일 수 있다고 연구되고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 주식시장이 전면 개방된 초기의 시점에서 외국인투자자들 은 어떤 투자행태를 보였고, 그들이 보인 투자행태가 국내 기관투자자 및 개인투자자들의 투자행태와 차이점을 보이는지에 대해 고찰하고 있다. 또한, 투자성과에 있어서 우위를 보인다고 연구된 외국인투자자 들의 투자행태를 국내 기관투자자들이 추종했을 것인지에 대해 탐색적 접근을 시도하였다. 이를 위해 주식시장 전면개방의 초기단계로서 1999년의 자료와 일정시간이 흐른 단계로서 2003년의 자료를 통해 투자주체별로 각각 실증하였다. 실증결과에 따르면, 1999년 외국인투자자는 자산규모, 평균 주가와 정(+)의 관계를 나타냈다. 기관투자자는 기업규모, 총자본순이익률과 정(+)의 관계를 보였고, 주당 순이익과는 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. 개인투자자의 경우, 주당순이익과 정(+)의 관계, 기업규모와 총자산순 이익률 및 평균주가와 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. 예상한 바와 같이, 전면개방 초기단계에서 외국인투자자와 기관투자자, 개인투자자는 선호하는 주식의 특성에 있어서 차이점을 드러내었다. 2003년 외국인투자자는 기업규모와 부채비율 및 PBR값과 정(+)의 관계를 나타내었다. 기관투자자의 경우, 기업규모, 평균주가, 배당률, PBR값, 수출비중과 정(+)의 관계, 부채비율, 주당순이익, PER값과는 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. 개인투자자는 기업규모와 PBR값과 부(-)의 관계를 확인하였다. 이를 통해, 일정 시간이 흐른 단계에서 기관투자자가 외국인투자자의 투자행태를 추종하였다고 판단하기는 어려웠고, 따 라서, 개인투자자와 달리 기관투자자들은 외국인투자자의 투자행태를 추종할 것이라 기대한 가설은 지지 되지 않았다.

This study aimed to evaluate the perceived exertion and satisfaction in opening and closing SUV tailgates and explain them with the mechanical force. The study measured the mechanical open and close force for 42 SUV tailgates and evaluated perceived exertion and satisfaction of opening and closing with 100 male participants from 20’s to 50’s. The regression models of perceived exertion and satisfaction showed that small initial closing and opening force, difference between initial and maximum closing force and difference between initial and auto-fall angle have positive effect. The results of the study will be helpful to design and test mechanical open and close structure of SUV tailgates.

Background: In the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder, the goals of traditional physical therapy are not only to reduce the inflammatory process leading to pain, but also to decrease joint overload and muscle hyperactivity. To achieve those goals, physical therapists generally use a photo-therapy, joint mobilization, and massage. Objects: To examine the impact of an unloading technique using non-elastic taping on the pain, opening mouth, functional level, and quality of life in patients with TMJ disorder. Method: Twenty patients with TMJ disorder were included in this study and randomly divided into the experimental (n1=10), and control (n2=10) groups. Traditional physical therapy including massage and stretching for 30 min was performed in both groups. Non-elastic taping was performed in the experimental group after traditional physical therapy, and they were recommended to keep the tape attached for 12 hours. Outcomes for pain, functional level, and quality of life were measured using a survey. The opening mouth was measured using a general ruler. Result: Significant differences were observed in the pain level, opening mouth, functional level, and quality of life after the intervention and on follow-up in both groups. However, we found that while the levels of all parameters were maintained throughout the follow-up period in the experimental group, the functional status level was not maintained throughout the follow-up period in the control group. Conclusion: Our unloading technique using non-elastic tape results comparable to those achieved by traditional physical therapy in the treatment of TMJ. However, the unloading taping method using non-elastic tape is more effective than traditional physical therapy in maintaining the impact of intervention

본 연구에서는 절대적 CAM 식물의 하나인 호접란 ‘Mantefon’ 을 대상으로 기공전도도에 따라 열린 기공 단계, 기공 면적과 너비를 바탕으로 기공개폐 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 성숙한 기공은 불규칙형 기공(anomocytic stomata)에 해당하였으며, 기공의 모양은 주로 타원형과 원형이 관찰되었다. 잎 뒷면 선 단 부위의 기공 수는 04:00와 16:00에 각각 1mm2 당 약 16.18, 15.98개로 관찰되었다. 기공을 포함한 공변세포의 너 비는 시간 대에 상관없이 약 12㎛로 측정되었다. 기공전도도 는 주간 12:00 ~ 18:00에 음의 값을 보이다가 야간 02:00 ~ 04:00에 0.006㎛olH2O·m-2·s-1까지 증가하였다. 04:00 이후 부터 기공전도도는 급격하게 감소하였으며, 08:00에서 12:00 까지 -0.003 ~ 0㎛olH2O·m-2·s-1의 범위를 나타냈다. 24시 간 동안 기공전도도 패턴은 잎이 명기에서 암기로 이동하면 기공이 열리는 전형적인 CAM 식물을 반영하였다. 기공 면적 은 주간에는 14:00를 제외하고 전반적으로 약 20μm2을 나타 내다가 주간에서 야간으로 바뀌는 22:00 ~ 00:00에 약 52% 증 가하였다. 기공 너비는 주간에 대략 1.9 ~ 2.6μm 범위를 나 타냈으며, 야간이 시작되는 00:00에 기공의 너비가 약 71% 급증하였다. 열린 기공 단계에 따라 열린 기공 기준을 적용할 경우, 열린 기공의 패턴은 전형적인 CAM식물의 특성을 잘 반 영하지 않았으나, 잎의 기공 면적과 너비를 기준으로 할 때, 열린 기공의 패턴은 전형적인 CAM식물의 특성을 반영하였 다. 따라서 호접란 ‘Mantefon’에서 열린 기공 판정 기준은 기 공 면적 약 29μm2 이상, 기공 너비 약 3.3μm 이상으로 판단 되었다.

십이지장 구부로의 총담관의 이소성 개구는 매우 드물며, 담도 질환이나 재발성/불응성 십이지장 궤양과 관련이 있는 경우가 많다. 저자들은 직시경으로 확인하고 일부는 직시경을 이용한 내시경 역행성 담췌관 조영술로 동반된 담관염을 치료했던 3명의 환자들을 보고한다. 일부 환자에서는 직시경이 시술에 있어 더 효과적이고 유리한 시술환경을 제공할 수 있다.

The initial production scale of wind tower is very few. But recently, the production scale of wind tower structure has increased gradually because it maximizes the efficiency in green energy. Many researchers are studying the wind tower, but there is no study about the difference of allowable buckling stress of the wind tower with and without opening. Guideline of codes and standards are very limited when designing a wind tower with an opening. It is also rarely that a study considers the design of the wind tower to be a tubular shell with or without an opening. ABAQUS, a general purpose finite element program, which provides safety evaluation and economical standards for the design and behavior of the wind tower considering the effect of opening was used in the study. Finally, results from this study can serve as reference for structural engineers, manufacturers and further studies of wind turbine when designing a tubular shell wind tower with an opening.

본 연구는 개항기에 등장하여 미술 생산자인 화가, 중개자인 거간 등의 상업적 욕망을 자극하며 근대 미술시장 형성에 영향을 끼친 서양인 미술 수요자를 다 룬다. 수교 이후 한국을 찾았던 서양인은 외교관·의사·간호사·엔지니어·선교사 등 다양했는데, 상당수가 미술시장 신규 수요자로 가세하였다. 서양인들이 구 입하고자 한 미술품은 취향, 목적, 장르에서 기존과 판이하게 달랐다. 그 하나 가 한국의 삶과 풍속에 관한 정보를 담은 ‘민속적 풍속화’이며, 다른 하나가 ‘쉬느와즈리’의 영향으로 동양 도자기 애호 차원에서 수집된 고려자기이다. 서 양인 구미에 맞춰 화가들은 어떻게 새로운 풍속화를 개발하고, 중개상들은 어 떤 방식으로 도자기 도굴품까지 취급했는지를 살펴보면서 개항장과 대도시에 서 서양인 고객을 중심으로 형성된 미술시장을 고찰한다.

Distribution basins are used widely in the water treatment process. Uniform distribution at the distribution basin is an important because it affect precipitation efficiency of sedimentation basin. Generally distribution basin has a free surface water and is consisted of a weir. Study result, when inflow of distribution basin is less, amount of overflow is much at the nearest weir from the inlet. But when inflow is much, amount of overflow is much at the far weir from the inlet. The difference of distribution amount at the pipe is affected by the curvature and length of the pipe. The magnitude of the effect is determined by the relative energy loss and the flow state of the distribution basin. Optimization of the response surface method for minimizing an amount of deviation of the distribution is a very useful technique to determine the optimal ratio of the valve opening.

Flow visualization of Butterfly valve is tested five cases(15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°) of vlave opening angle. Measurement by the PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) was conducted to investigate the flow characteristics of butterfly valve about discharge of dam.. Flow behaviors such as instantaneous and time-mean velocity vectors are investigated each cases. The results from flow visualization using PIV through the video which do not contain a cavitation phenomenon was confirmed in accordance with the valve opening. Performs valve opening and the flow properties of the Karman vortex generated by the frequency analysis is 90° was calculated the frequency of the butterfly valve applied to the actual dam. Butterfly valve for the emergency discharge valve is susceptible to cavitation caused by the valve opening 90° and repeat the cycle in the valve side of the vortex emission system is a high possibility of damage due to fatigue.