From 2002 to 2007, two different systems (shrubs and grasses) were established to raise appropriate ruminants for the purpose of improving biological diversity and fragile ecological environment in the karst-areas through grazing. The objective was to find out a novel way to promote the application of ecological restoration and reconstruction, and the agricultural economy could develop in sustainable way in the karst areas in Guangxi and similar areas in Southwest China.

Ten years have passed since the establishment of KOSHBA(Korea Small and medium enterprises Hybrid Business Association). KOSHBA is composed of over 400 regional groups; over 6,000 enterprises are participating in the association. To become a dynamic and vital association, it is necessary to share, learn, and discuss their managerial problems based on mutual trust and respect at the regular monthly meeting.

본 연구는 노인의 자원봉사활동의 의의와 특성, 필요성에 대한 이론적 고찰과 활동이론, 확산이론, 교환이론으로 설명하고 있는 노인 자원봉사활동과 관련된 이론을 통하여 노인의 자원봉사활동의 적합성을 설명하였으며, 현재 우리나라에서 활동 중인 노인들의 자원봉사활동의 사례를 분석하여 문제점을 도출하고 그에 따른 노인 자원봉사활동의 활성화방안을 모색하였다. 현재 우리나라노인의 자원봉사활동 사례를 통하여 발견된 문제점으로는 크게 다섯 가지로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 경제적 어려움, 둘째 잠재적 노인 자원봉사자 활용의 소극성, 셋째 자원봉사활동을 위한 다양한 프로그램의 미흡, 넷째 자원봉사활동의 법적, 제도적 지원체계와 재정지원의 미흡, 다섯째, 자원봉사활동의 체계적인 조직 관리의 미흡을 들 수 있다. 이러한 문제점을 통하여 노인의 자원봉사활동을 위한 활성화방안으로는 첫 번째, 노인에 대한 의식변화가 우선되어야 하며, 두 번째는 노인 자원봉사활동에 대한 관련법을 제정 및 지속적인 활동의 동기부여 등을 위한 다양한 보상제도가 마련되어야 할 것이며, 마지막으로 노인의 욕구와 특성에 맞는 다양하고 적합한 프로그램의 개발이 시급히 마련되어야 할 것이다.

Servicizing is defined 'not as to sell the products but as to sell the functions'. This study was done on the methods for revitalization as the object items of navigation & antenna among car parts. The direct door-to-door survey was done for 101 enterprises (direct-management stores) and percentage & t-test were done for statistics. The results can be summarized like followings. First, PR on servicizing is required. Second the optimized methods can be obtained by incorporating reuse & recycling distribution systems of servicizing with the existing recovery system Reuse distribution system can be constructed rationally because inventory control is being done correct1y with the periodic recovery. Finally, as for the analysis on the relative importance of main factors of servicizing, it shows that supports & providing the concrete frame of the government & local autonomous body are important.

The term ‘expansion’ or ‘extension’ of the kingdom of God has been widely used in Christian theology and missiology. The author, however, suggests to use a new term, ‘revitalization’ of the kingdom of God, instead. The author sees a remainder of colonialism in the common term ‘expansion’ or ‘extension’ of the kingdom of God. It is also too aggressive. It is even restraint of God’s reign per se. Revitalization of the kingdom of God is a combination of church growth movements and church renewal movements. Therefore the main topic of this article is revitalization of the kingdom of God and the church. The author chose the term ‘revitalization’ over ‘growth,’ because the growth of real plants could be limited in a special area. The kingdom of God shouldn’t be restricted to the church. In section 1, the author deals with the kingdom of God and church renewal. The aim of church renewal is to go beyond the church boundaries to include all that is the kingdom of God. In section 2, the author handles the relation of the kingdom of God and the church. The author especially focuses on the important discussions of world mission conferences in the 1980s.’ In section 3, the author discusses the church as a seedbed and a hub of the kingdom of God. The church as a seedbed of the kingdom of God is an ecological model and it can be complementary to the ‘overspill’ model of the Grand Rapids Report of 1982. The church as a hub of the kingdom of God is an economical model. Jesus Christ, of course, is the axis of the hub. In each section, the author affirms Howard A. Snyder’s renewal view, especially his three conversion experiences: to Jesus Christ, to the church, and to the kingdom of God, as foundational to this article. The author concludes this article by quoting Snyder’s signature opener. “Once you’ve caught a vision for the kingdom of God, you’ll never be satisfied with anything less!”

While Shandong Province is the largest historical and cultural and the first agricultural province in China, in recent years, due to the accelerated urbanization and modernization process, the conflict between traditional culture and modern civilization has had a serious impact on rural culture, and the ancient architecture among the villages in Shandong has also caused certain damage. These ancient buildings scattered in various villages in Shandong are important historical and cultural resources, the embodiment of Shandong traditional culture, and have an important role in the revitalization of rural culture and the enhancement of rural cohesion. However, research on the subsequent survey, conservation and restoration, and tourism development of ancient buildings in Shandong has lagged behind, and the role of these buildings in the inheritance of traditional Shandong traditional culture has not been given due attention, and their role in the construction of rural culture in the new era of Shandong has been seriously neglected. Tourism utilization is generally considered to be the preferred way to solve the conservation problems of ancient buildings. This study argues that the cultural revitalization of rural culture can be driven by the tourism and cultural industry of ancient buildings, and it can also provide a strong and sustainable power source for the rural revitalization strategy of the whole Shandong Province.

본 연구는 마리나 개발 결정요인을 실증적으로 분석하여 마리나 개발을 활성화하고, ‘2차 마리나 항만 기본계획’의 효과적인 이행 과 마리나 산업발전을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 3개 권역 5곳의 마리나 개발지역에 거주하는 지역민 356명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 마리나 개발 결정요인으로는 일반적 특성인 연령, 소득수준, 이해집단, 거주지역 그리고 갈 등원인인 집단 이기주의, 개발과정 배제, 환경문제 요인이 포함되었으며, 종속변수로는 마리나 개발 찬/반 여부(찬성/반대)와 마리나 개발 갈 등유형(이익갈등, 가치갈등)으로 이분화된 데이터를 활용하였다. 수집된 유효표본은 SPSS 25.0 통계프로그램을 활용하여 기술통계, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석 그리고 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 마리나 개발 찬/반 결정요인 분석결과 인구통계학적 특성 중 연령, 소득수준, 이해집단, 거주지역, 거주기간 요인이 마리나 개발 찬/반 여부에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 마리나 개발 찬/반 결정요인 분석결과 갈등원인에서는 집단이기주의 요인과 개발과정 배제 요인이 마리나 개발 찬/반 여부에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 마리나 개발 갈등유형 결정요인 분석결과 인구통계학적 특성 중 연령, 소득수준, 거주지역 요인이 마리나 개발 갈 등유형에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 중지역 특성, 유리한 자원 및 산업 레이아웃 등에 따라 하이난의 복숭아 정원 공유 농장의 계획 및 설계를 예로 들어 계획의 적용에 대해 연구 분석한다. 연구 분석은 정책 기반, 농촌 활성화 철학, 건설 판매 및 건설 내용과 같은 측면과 연구는 분석 및 요약을 통해 수행하였다. 하이난 도화원 프로젝트는 먼저 국가 산업 정책을 준수하고 산업 통합 및 개발을 촉진한다. 둘째, 1 차 산업과 2 차 산업을 완전히 주도하고, 3차 산업을 보다 강력하고 긍정적으로 만들어 농촌 경제 발전에 도움이 되고, 농민들이 서비스 산업과 가공 산업으로 전환하고, 농촌 재 활성화에 이르게 할 수 있는 결론을 도출하였다.

한국에서 1970년대에 시작된 새마을운동은 국제적으로 농촌개혁의 하나의 모범으로 여겨진다. 새마을 운동이 성공한 첫 번째 중요한 원인으로는 농촌에 금융 제공을 지원했다는 점이다. 중국공산당의 19차 당 대회에서는 2050년까지 농업강화, 아름다운 농촌건설, 농민의 재산증대를 위한 농촌진흥을 전면적으로 실시하자는 의견이 나왔다. 농촌진흥전략의 성공을 위해서 한국 새마을운동의 성공적인 경험을 참고해 농촌 금융을 지원하는 정책이 룽요하다.

This purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and participation satisfaction of residents who participated in the rural landscape improvement project in Geumsan. The projects were conducted in three villages of Geumsan in 2018 and total 96 residents had participated. The results of the questionnaire survey on the participants showed that they usually have interests in community activities and actively participated. As a result of analyzing factors related to the change of residents' perceptions and satisfaction. It was found that there was significant difference in perception and satisfaction according to frequency of participation, not demographic factors. It is interesting that active interaction among residents during the projects and satisfaction on process are important factor for overall project satisfaction. For successful rural landscape improvement projects, it is necessary to encourage and support interaction and communication among residents. In addition, more various programs need to be developed to foster residents’ attachment and sense of community.

In this study, we typified the project for revitalizing the rural area through text analysis using news data, and analyzed the main direction and characteristics of the project. In order to examine the factors emphasized among the issues related to the revitalization of rural areas, we used news data related to 'tourism' and 'livelihood', which are the main keyword of the project to promote rural areas. In the analysis, text mining techniques were used. Topic modeling was conducted on LDA techniques for major projects in 'tourism' and 'livelihood' keyword. Based on this, this study typified the projects that are carried out for the activation of rural areas by topic. As a result of the analysis, it was fount that the topics included in the project were distributed in 11 sub-types(Tourism Promotion, Regional Specialization, Local Festival, Development of Regional Scale, Urban and Rural Exchange, Agricultural Support, Community Forest Management, Improve the Settlement Environment, General Welfare Service, Low Class Support, Others). The characteristics of the rural revitalization projects were examined, and it was confirmed that domestic projects were carried out by tourism-oriented projects. To summarize, the government is making projects to revitalize rural areas through related ministries. Within the structure where the project is spreading to the region, a lot of projects are being carried out. It is understood that the tourism and welfare oriented projects are being carried out in the revitalization project of the domestic rural area. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of rural revitalization, it is believed that it will be effective to carry out a balanced project to improve the settlement environment of the residents.

Purpose - In this study, the safety related tasks for low cost carriers’ were examined and measures to improve them were suggested. As the air demand increases rapidly, number of passenger has mushroomed in Korea and in order to keep with the demand low cost carriers have played a role. However, low cost carriers’ safety related tasks are not reliable level so far. Thus, in this study, the low cost carriers’ current situations in terms of safety are investigated, especially regarding how well the ICAO’s new safety policies are applied. Research design, data, and methodology - The results of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation’ investigation are introduced and field study results are analysed. Current status of retaining experts, staffs, administrators in terms of aviation safety tasks of low cost carriers is compared to those of major airliner and low cost carriers’ aviation safety culture is also analyzed by examining the systems and questioning staffs. Especially the culture regarding aviation safety is very important because the culture surrounding the safety tasks plays a major role in every respect of conducting the tasks. Results – Overall the current status of low cost carriers’ aviation safety tasks is below standard. Especially retaining experts and staffs is basically below the required level. Also, system and organization to conduct safety tasks are not satisfactory. In particular, aviation safety culture is not settled to operate appropriately. Conclusions - The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and member states are continuing to launch new safety policies in response to the surging demand for air travel worldwide. The most urgent and important issue among the various safety policies is to reduce air accidents. In order to reduce the number of accidents, ICAO decided to reduce the number of accidents by using the Reactive Safety Management. ICAO has to ensure that each member country can implement proactive safety management for aviation safety. A safety management system (Safety Management System) is a system in which each member state implements a fulfillment standard. The current situation and problems of the safety management system for each airline are suggested and proposed for improvements.

This study aims to identify more reasonable and efficient development plans to engage local university students in landscape improvement projects in rural areas. To survey university students, residents, administrators and experts involved in such projects on important considerations in this regard, SWOT analysis was employed to identify important factors, followed by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate their relative importance, identify problems and suggest implications for improvement. The results are summarized as follows: the relative importance of the SWOT group was in the order of opportunity, strength, threat, and weakness. For each SWOT factor, the relative importance of strengths was in the order of students’ aspiration and passion, availability of creative ideas and designs, and improved attachment to their community. The relative importance of weaknesses was in the order of the lack of spontaneous participation of residents, short preparation periods and insufficient budgets, and the lack of experience in similar projects. The relative importance of opportunities was in the order of young students’ activity itself being a boost factor to the community, students’ endeavors arising a consensus among residents, and students feeling a sense of duty as representatives of their school. The relative importance of threats was in the order of projects being one-shot, temporary events, immaturity, and differences in preferences between older and younger generations. To draw an overall ranking of the sub-factors evaluated, the overall relative importance of the decision-making factors was evaluated. Among the sub-factors for each SWOT group, young students’ activity itself being a boost factor to the community as an opportunity factor was shown to be the most important, while the lack of experience in similar projects was shown to be the least important as administrators and experts made appropriate interventions in each stage.

현대에서 예술 분야는 크게 순수예술(Fine art)과 상업예술(Commercial art)로 그 장르가 분류된다. 또한 교육에 있어서는 정규학교 교육(Regular school education)과 학교 밖의 평생교육(Lifelong education)으로 구분되어 실시되고 있다. 본 연구는 이 두 가지가 교합(交合)된 접점에서 나타나는 ‘디자인이 가미된 미술평생교육 조소부문 활성화방안 연구’이다. 미술분야에서 과거의 순수예술은 소수의 엘리트층만 향유할 수 있었지만, 현대에서는 디자인(Design)이라는 새로운 상업예술의 등장과 더불어 실용적인 목적을 가진 조형작품들이 대중 모두가 일상생활에서 즐기고 사용할 수 있는 새로운 예술영역으로 부각되고 있다. 한편, 교육 분야에서 평생교육은 학교교육 외에 인간은 전 생애에 걸쳐 사회문물이 크게 변화해 감에 따라 그에 적응하기 위하여 끊임없이 교육을 받아야한다는 취지에서 1967년 유네스코 성인교육회의에서 제창되어 현재 전 세계적으로 실시되고 있다. 그러나 이 두 접점에서 자세히 들여다보면, 미술평생교육에서 조소부문만이 소외되고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 왜냐하면 우리나라의 경우만 보더라도 각 지자체단위나 대학, 백화점 등의 문화센터에서 미술평생교육이 실시되고 있지만, 유독 조소부문에서는 교수자의 부족, 실기실의 전문 소도구 미흡, 학습자가 다루는 재료상의 난해함 등 여러 문제점을 내포하고 있기때문이다. 이에 본 연구는 디자인이 가미된 실용과 현대성을 통해 미술평생교육에서 소외되고 있는 조소(조각포함)장르 활성화방안을 제시하고자 한다.

Purpose - This study aimed to verify some cues for invigorating sales of mobile social commerce companies by analyzing differences in consumers' perceptions on characteristics of mobile commerce, after applying the step 1 of strategy deduction approach using the differences in their perceptions. Research design, data, and methodology - Efficient questionnaires of a total of 365 respondents who answered the questions about the importance of and the satisfaction with 14 characteristics of social commerce were returned, and then, paired-samples t-test and IPA by all respondents, gender, age and incomes were conducted. Results - The analysis showed that a maintenance/reinforcement strategies planned by companies are required for some factors including discount rate at the first quadrant, while active improvement strategies are required for others including reliability and interactivity at the second quadrant. Conclusions – The findings show that different marketing strategies should be established for each consumer who often uses mobile social commerce, and that more effective and efficient performance of mobile social commerce may be acquired by establishing and operating active improvement strategies.