본 연구는 네트워크 관점에서 해외투자 자회사들의 단계별 성장 과정에 대해 살펴보고 있다. 자회사 관련 기존 연구 흐름을 보면 자회사 통제방식이나 자회사·본사간 관계성 규명에 많은 초점을 두고 있으며, 자회사 성장과정과 성장패턴에 관한 연구는 그리 많지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 다국적기업 조직변화 모형에 네트워크적 접근을 통합하여 자회사들이 어떻게 성장해 가는가를 이론적 골격 제시 측면에서 살펴보았다. 네트워크 구축에 따른 자회사 성장 패턴을 살펴보면, 해외투자를 처음 행하는 기업은 본사와 강력한 관계성을 가질 뿐 현지시장에 대한 네트워크 관계는 매우 미미한 수준에 지나지 않는다. 그러나 점차 현지시장에 대한 지식과 경험의 중요성이 증가함에 따라 본사보다는 현지시장 네트워크 구축에 많은 노력을 기울이게 된다. 이후 자회사들은 현지시장 네트워크 뿐만 아니라 본사 및 여타 자회사와도 강력한 네트워크성을 유지하면서 핵심센터화 하게 된다. 이러한 네트워크 구축 과정은 현지시장에 대한 경험 및 지식을 획득할 수 있는 통로 역할을 하게 되며, 구축 과정에서 발생하는 조직학습은 해당 자회사의 생존과 성과에 결정적인 영향을 미치게 된다.

The house fly (Musca domestica L.) strains were derived from the Yumenoshima III strain by selecting with cypermethrin and methomyl for 19 and 16 generations, respectively. The resulting strains, cypermethrin resistance strain (Cyp-R19) and methomyl resistance strain (Met-R16), showed high level of resistance by 12906 and 51 times, respectively, comparing with the susceptible SRS strain. The Cyp-R19 strain was resistant to synthetic pyrethroids such as deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, -cyfluthrin, showing > 11000, 1231, 103, 292 times higher values than the SRS strain, respectively. It was also resistant to 3 organophosphates and 2 carbamates such as fenitrothion, profenofos, pyridaphenthion, benfuracarb, methomyl, showing resistance ratios fo 51, 17, 49, 39 and 62 comparing to SRS strain. The Met-R16 strain was resistant to synthetic carbamate benfuracarb, showing 6 times higher value than SRS strain. It was also resistant to 4 organophosphates such as acephate, fenitrothion, profenofos and pyridaphenthion, showing > 40, 103, 19, 60 times higher value. It was also resistant to 5 pyrethroids and a pyrrole such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, -cyfluthrin and chlorfenapyr, showing 3030, 249, 4063, 34, 330 and 86 times higher values than the SRS strain. Cyp-R14 strain which was selected for 14 generations by cypermethrin and developed 11014 times higher resistance to the SRS strain was used in the dominance and linkage group analysis. Cypermethrin resistance inheritance was incompletely dominant in house fly as judged by the reciprocal cross between the resistant and susceptible strains. The linkage group analysis for the major factors responsible for this resistance was carried out by themale-backcross method, using susceptible multi-chromosomal marker aabys strain. The major factors for cypermethrin resistance were located on the 1st, the 3rd and the 4th chromosomes, and the effect of the 3rd chromosome was most prominent.

The modification of rice powder was attempted by treatment of acetic acid and epichlorohydrin to improve the functional properties of baby food. The initial gelatinization temperature of rice powder determined by amylograph was decreased from 79.5℃ to 63℃ by modification. The apparent and maxium viscosity of rice paste at 95℃ before and after modification were increased from 92B.U. to 236B.U. and from 100B.U. to 202B.U., respectively. The light transmittance of modified rice paste was increased from the temperature of 60℃ and by increasing the degree of substitution at the fixed temperature, while decrease more or less by the treatment of epichlorohydrin. The degree of retrogradation of the paste was decreased from 28.7 to 18.0 upon modification. The rate of syneresis of modified rice powder was decreased with increasing the drgree of substitution and ,the extend of epichlorohydrin treatment. Syneresis was not observed when acetylated rice powder whose DS value is 0.048 was treated with 0.25% of epichlorohydrin for the formation of cross-linkage. The addition of modified rice powder in preparation of semi-solid type infant food could improve the quality without lowering overall digestibility.

유기인체 살충제인 Pyraclofos에 저항성인 집파리를 profenofs로 7세대 도태시킨 P-Pro 계통을 이용하여 Pro-fenofos 저항성의 유전학적인 분석을 행하였다. Profenofos저항성은 불완전우성으로 나타났기 때문에 가시돌연변이로 각 염색체를 표식한 감수성 ac, ar, bwb, ye, snp 계통을 이용하여 male-backcross에의한 연쇄군분석을 한 결과, 이 계통의 profenofos 저항성의 우성유전자는 각 염색체에 고루 존재하지만 제 2 염색체와제 5염색체 상의 유전자에 크게 지배받으면 웅성결정인자 M은 제 3염색체와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

The study investigates the asymmetric effect of exchange rate changes on stock prices in Vietnam. We use the nonlinear autoregressivedistributed lag (ARDL) analysis for monthly data from 2001:01 to 2018:05, based on VN-Index stock price collected from Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE); the nominal exchange rate is separated into currency depreciation and appreciation through a partial sum decomposition process. Asymmetry is estimated both in the long-run relationship and the short-run error correction mechanism. The research results show that the effect of exchange rate changes on stock prices is asymmetrical, both in the short run and in long run. Accordingly, the stock prices react to different levels to depreciation and appreciation. However, the currency appreciation affects a stronger transmission of stock prices when compared to the long-run currency depreciation. In the absence of asymmetry, the exchange rate only has a short-run impact on stock prices. This implies a symmetrical assumption that underestimates the impact of exchange rate changes on stock prices in Vietnam. This study points to an important implication for regulators in Vietnam. They should consider the relationship between exchange rate changes and stock prices in both the long run and the short run to manage the stock and foreign exchange market.

본 연구는 학교민주시민교육의 활성화를 위하여 충북교육청 및 학교와 지역사회, 시민사회의 연계 방안을 모색하여 충북 지역에 맞는 모델을 구축하는 전략을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 학교 현장에서 민주시민교육을 실시하는 교사들과 교육청 관계자들을 대상으로 민주시민교육과 관련하여 지역사회와 연계한 경험과 민주시민교육에 활용할 수 있는 지역 자원의 현황에 대해 조사하였다. 이러한 학교와 지역사회의 연계 현황 진단을 통해 충북의 학교 민주시민교육의 활성화를 위해 지역사회에서 준비해야 할 과제를 제시하고, 충북교육청, 학교, 지역사회의 연계를 통한 ‘민주시민교육의 지속적인 추진 체계’를 제시하였다. 민주시민교육의 지속적 추진을 위해 민ㆍ관ㆍ학인 충북 도청, 충북교육청, 단위학교, 지역사회, 시민사회단체들이 실질적인 거버넌스를 구축할 것과 중간지원기구로 민주시민교육지원센터를 제안하였다. 이 기구는 민주시민교육 업무와 관련하여 각 기관들의 협력을 촉진하고, 서로의 기능을 보완하는 역할을 함으로써 민주시민교육의 필요성을 지역사회에 확산시키고, 학교 민주시민교육을 활성화하여 민주적인 학교문화를 형성하는 구심점이 될 것이다.

This research focuses on the relationships among customer satisfaction, delight, and loyalty. Although customer delight is one facet of an affective evaluation that can be predicted from customer satisfaction as cognitive component of the evaluation, there is no empirical examination on the casual relationship among customer satisfaction, delight, and loyalty. This study aims at addressing this gap in the service literature. The research questions are (1) How is customer satisfaction related to customer delight? and (2) Does customer delight matter in the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty? Data from a survey of consumers across upscale restaurant and retail bank in Korea were obtained. Our results show that customer satisfaction contributes positively to customer delight, and that customer delight plays a significant role in the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. This chained relationship from customer satisfaction to customer delight to customer loyalty suggests that achieving customer delight represents one of the underlying pathways through which basic or core requirements expected by customers are satisfied. Our finding suggests that service firms need to monitor and manage their levels of customer delight as a performance metric, and delighting customers may be an important strategy to build competitive advantage through customer loyalty.

본 연구는 ‘자유학기제 연계학기’를 운영한 4개의 연구학교에 대한 사례 분석 연구로, 연계학기에 나타난 특징 및 정책적 시사점 도출을 목적으로 수행되었다. 분석 결과, 연계학기에는 교과 간, 교과와 비교과 간 통합적 교육과정 재구성, 그리고 서로 다른 학교급간 교육내용의 계속성을 고려 한 연계 시도가 일어나고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 교사와 학생 간 상호 협력을 토대로 한 융합 수업의 설계와 적용이 일어나고 있음을 확인하였다. 평가와 관련하여, 자유학기보다 지필평가 횟 수와 평가주체의 다양성은 줄어들었지만, 엄격하고 공정한 평가 실행을 위한 교사들의 부담은 높 아진 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 자유학기 활동 중 주제선택 활동이 강화되고, 학교와 마을의 협력이 보다 긴밀해지고 있음을 확인하였다. 효과적인 연계학기 실행을 위해, 평가와 관련한 교사 들의 역량 증진 및 제도적 보완이 요구된다는 점, 마을과 학교의 협력을 촉진하는 유관사업과의 연결고리 모색이 필요함을 제언하였다.

An allo-octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in Korea. However, there were few genomic researches of strawberry due to polyploidy and complexity of its genome. In this study, we aimed to construct a genetic linkage map of strawberry using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that were developed through a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. Two strawberry varieties, ‘Sulhyang’ and ‘Senga-sengana’, were used as a maternal and a paternal parent, respectively, and their F1 generation consisting of 94 individuals was used for construction of a genetic linkage map. A total of 19.0 Gbp (‘Sulhyang’) and 21.8 Gbp (‘Senga-sengana’) of genomic sequences were obtained through NGS analysis. Subsequently, approximately 87,000 SNPs were identified and 1,154 primer sets for high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis were designed through bioinformatic analysis. In result, a total of 224 polymorphic HRM markers were developed and 205 markers were mapped on the genetic linkage map of strawberry, which total length was 800.8 cM and the number of linkage groups were 30. This SNP-based genetic linkage map and the 224 SNP markers will be very helpful for the genomic and genetic researches of allo-octoploid strawberry.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that have an impact on public policy, green products and technology in Kuala Lumpur, given government initiatives to boost the environment awareness. The data used in this study was collected by distribution questionnaires randomly in six areas of Kuala Lumpur and 400 respondents were interviewed. Based on a literature review, three hypotheses were stated and tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM is a statistical analysis method that involved two or more variables in analyzing structural relationships among the variables. The SEM model shows that green products and government policies have a direct influence on environmental awareness. However, green technology does not have a direct influence on environmental awareness. Since, knowledge on green technology does not have a significant impact on raising environmental awareness among the public, a much more pragmatic awareness campaign needs to be put in place to use green technology as a part of modern living. The study suggests that the urban population needs to be more aware of the environmental issue as cities tend to have better infrastructure to raise public awareness on green issues. Moreover, the government should increase the environmental awareness among younger generation through workshops, seminars, campaigns, and pamphlets.

Based on double pseudo-testcross theory, a population of 76 F1 clones, which were derived from a cross of China type tea plants (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) with a Korean tea cultivar, ‘Kemsull’ for female parent and a Japanese tea cultivar, ‘Houshun’ for male parent, was used to construct a genetic linkage map with AFLP markers. Totally, 2,360 markers were detected by 26 pairs of primers and 90.8 markers for each pair on average. Among these, 481 markers (20.3%) were polymorphic, 392 markers (81.5%) of which showed Mendelian segregation ratio (p=0.01). Of these Mendelian segregated markers, 139 (35.5%) were segregated in 3:1 ratio and 253 (65.5%) were segregated in 1:1 ratio. The construction of AFLP molecular marker based linkage map were carried out by Joinmap 4.0 version. The linkage map of ‘Kemsull’ contained 227 markers which distributed into 18 linkage groups. The linkage map of ‘Kemsull’ covered 1,382.2 cM with the average distance between two markers of 6.0 cM. The linkage map of ‘Houshun’ contained 154 markers which were distributed into 17 linkage groups and were spanned with the total map length of 1,540.9 cM and the average distance between two markers of 10 cM. However, these AFLP markers were not distributed evenly and further even saturation is additionally required.

온라인 게임 개발을 위해서는 서버 개발 기술이 중요하다. 왜냐하면 사용자들이 게임을 진행 하는 클라이언트가 서버에 종속적으로 구현되기 때문이다. 본 연구는 서버 개발 기술 중 서버 가 데이터를 데이터베이스에 저장하고 불러오는 데이터연동 방식을 연구하였다. 서버의 데이터 연동은 장소에 관계없이 게임을 이어서 진행할 수 있는 온라인게임의 특성 때문에 매우 중요한 사항이다. 본 논문에서는 여러 데이터연동 방식을 정의와 함께 제안하며 분류하였다. 제안된 방 식들을 사례를 통해 평가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 향후 온라인 게임 서버의 개발 시에 게임의 특징에 맞는 데이터연동 방식을 선택할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

To reveal the linkage relationship between the Ms locus, a restorer-of-fertility gene for cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) caused by CMS-S cytoplasm in onion (Allium cepa L.) and previously reported molecular markers linked to the Ms locus, 11 recombinants selected from 4,273 segregating plants originating from the cross between male-sterile maternal and male-fertile paternal lines were analyzed. Results showed that genotypes of a codominant marker, jnurf12, were perfectly matched with the male-fertility phenotypes in all recombinants, but that this marker was not applicable in diverse breeding lines due to multiple band patterns. For the development of more reliable markers, a 12-bp indel was identified from the sequences which were obtained by genome walking, and was used to develop a simple PCR marker which was designated jnurf13. When 104 diverse breeding lines containing CMS-S cytoplasm were analyzed with the jnurf13 marker, male-fertility phenotypes of all breeding lines were perfectly matched with marker genotypes. To our surprise, phenotypes of 153 breeding lines containing CMS-T-like cytoplasm were also matched with genotypes of the jnurf13 marker which was linked to the Ms locus for the CMS-S system. Furthermore, phenotypes of four F2 populations containing CMS-T-like cytoplasm co-segregated perfectly with jnurf13 genotypes. Allelic segregation distortion was detected in two F2 populations using the jnurf13 maker. The results of this study were in conflict with a previous model for inheritance of fertility restoration in the CMS-T system. Therefore, we proposed a new model based on the data analyzed with the jnurf13 marker, which was in linkage disequilibrium with restorer-of-fertility genes for both CMS systems.

While a wealth of genetic diversity can be found from traditional rice varieties, wild rice species and wild relatives of rice, transfer of useful genes to modern varieties are often hampered by linkage drag. In this study, the previously identified blast resistance locus Pi45(t) from a cross between ‘Ilpumbyeo’ and ‘Moroberekan’ was showed to be linked with the spreading-type panicle caused by the SPR3 locus. Using InDel4 and RM17579 linked to the Pi45(t) and the SPR3, respectively, the distance between the two loci was estimated to be 6.9cM. This suggests a tight, yet incomplete linkage and provides the opportunity to utilize Pi45(t) in breeding programs without including SPR3. Two groups based on the genotype at the SPR3 locus were assembled; the CLosed Panicle (CLP) and SPReading panicle (SPR) groups with lines, which were homozygous for the Ilpumbyeo and Moroberekan alleles, respectively. A comparison between the traits of CLP and SPR groups revealed a decrease in 1000-grain weight and length and an increase in spikelets per panicle and secondary branches in the SPR group. This complicates selection against SPR3 as it is not clear whether these quantitative trait loci are linked to either SPR3 or Pi45(t). Re-evaluation of these traits using lines recombinant at the two loci would be necessary to clarify this issue.

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is a highly effective approach for studying genetically complex forms of plant shattering. With QTLs mapping, the shattering loci can be described. SSR marker is based on the imformation of Simple Sequence Repeat and easy to analyze using PCR and has high reproducibility. For analyzing QTLs associated with shattering, we selected 219 SSR markers from 254 SSR markers and used them for implementing Mapmaker(Ver. 3.0) and Mapchart(Ver. 2.2). Mapmaker help to calculate distances between each markers and Mapchart is a program for drawing Genetic map. This Genetic map of rice (Oryza sativa L.) covering 2082.4 cM with 9.5 cM between makers in the Kosambi function has been constructed using 120 F1 DH plants from a single cross between the indica variety Chungchung and the japonica variety Nagdong.

Cytoplasmic male sterility caused by DCGMS (Dongbu cytoplasmic and genic male-sterility) cytoplasm and its nuclear restorer-of-fertility locus (Rfd1) with a linked molecular marker (A137) have been reported in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). To construct a linkage map of the Rfd1 locus, linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were screened using bulked segregant analysis. A 220-bp linked AFLP fragment sequence from radish showed homology with an Arabidopsis coding sequence. Using this Arabidopsis gene sequence, a simple PCR marker (A220) was developed. The A137 and A220 markers flanked the Rfd1 locus. Two homologous Arabidopsis genes with both marker sequences were positioned on Arabidopsis chromosome 3 with an interval of 2.4 Mb. To integrate the Rfd1 locus into a previously reported expressed sequence tag (EST)-simple sequence repeat (SSR) linkage map, the radish EST sequences located in three syntenic blocks within the 2.4-Mb interval were used to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for tagging each block. The SNP marker in linkage group 2 co-segregated with male fertility in an F2 population. Using radish ESTs positioned in linkage group 2, five intron length polymorphism (ILP) markers and one cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker were developed and used to construct a linkage map of the Rfd1 locus. Two closely-linked markers delimited the Rfd1 locus within a 985-kb interval of Arabidopsis chromosome 3. Synteny between the radish and Arabidopsis genomes in the 985-kbp interval were used to develop three ILP and three CAPS markers. Two ILP markers further delimited the Rfd1 locus to a 220-kb interval of Arabidopsis chromosome 3.

본 연구는 한중 열차페리와 한일 해저터널이 대륙횡단철도 및 아시안 하이웨이와 연계되는 상황을 가정하여 이들 사업이 우리나라 국토공간에 미치는 파급효과를 파악하는 것이 목적이다. 연구결과 연계 시 국토공간에 미치는 영향은 긍정적인 것으로 도출되었다. 부분적인 결과를 볼 때 모든 지역이 동일한 결과를 나타내는 것은 아니고, 중국의 환황해권은 기존의 해상경로가 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났고, 이외 지역은 연계될 시 그 효과가 더 좋은 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 구체적으로 연구되지 못한 연구분야의 연구 시발점이라는 점에서, 후속연구와 관심을 위한 기초자료가 될 수 있다는 점에 큰 의의를 가진다. 또한 대규모 인프라 연계사업이 국토공간내 연계에 따른 파급의 규모, 영향권 변화, 균형발전의 기여정도를 네트워크를 구축해 구체적으로 분석하고 정책적 제언을 시도한 점에서 학문적 기여가 있다고 사료된다.

Rice lax panicle (lax) mutant had defect in early inflorescence differentiation and lateral branch formation and exhibitedfewer numbers of rachis branches and spikelets in the panicle. The mutant also had abnormality in floral organ formation. Whereas, the spotted leaf 6 (spl6) mutant produced lesions in absence of pathogen. Analysis with a lax spl6 double mutant indicated both genes are controlled by single recessive factor and linked on chromosome 1 with 7 centiMorgan map distance. The lax gene was fine mapped within the 261.3 kb region between RM7594 and RM5389 that predicted 10 open reading frames (ORF) as candidate for lax gene. Sequencing of the candidates in the lax mutant revealed a substitution of nucleotide T by G corresponding to an amino acid substitution from serine (S) to alanine (A) at the 117th position within the coding region of the candidate ORF bhlh123. The intronless 1080 bp cDNA of LAX gene contains an ORF of 215 amino acids and encoded a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Analysis of a 5.1 kb genomic fragment of the lax gene from homozygous dominant progeny which corresponded to indica cultivar resulted in a long deletion of 24 nucleotides in the upstream of LAX cDNA. (This research was supported by the National Research foundation of Korea, Grant 0070065).