The methods for constructing network of observational locations for measuring water quality in water reservoirs have been widely proposed, but they had some limitations to be applied to river areas, which lie in awkward clustering and finding representati

Proportion of falling from height accident at construction work accounts for more than 40%, and the number of injuries is getting increased. So without considering falling from height, we can say that it's hard to achieve our goal(accident prevention). Another critical point that we have to think about theses days is the fact that construction workers are getting older. To be specific, the number of workers who are above 50 years old accounts for 65.6% among the fatalities(2007~2011, KOSHA inspection). Accordingly, to effectively prevent construction accedents, especially falls from height, we need to focus on motion analysis of older construction workers and then make suitable measures for growing accident rates at construction work.

Risk Assessment to list possible safety disasters and their probability and severity is the starting point for effective safety management on construction project site. However, the safety managers in owners, construction supervisors, contractors, and sub-contractors still have difficulties in judging the priorities of safety activities and preparing responses to each potential safety disasters. Therefore, this study aimed to suggest a systematic method in assessing safety risk prior to commencement with the agreement of stakeholders. FMECA(failure mode effects and criticality analysis) was selected as a main assessment tool and it was modified according to the characteristics of construction projects and trades. Each risk is, firstly, evaluated with occurrence probability, possible loss and impacts to projects, and detections, and then risk priority number(RPN) is calculated. Subsequently, the managers of each stakeholder discuss the types, timing, and responsibilities of responses as a group decision-making process.

Construction companies with the highest proportion in death crash has been devoting much effort to prevent the crash accidents. In general, a crash-proof worker has been wearing a seatbelt. However, the G construction company had happened in industrial settings when workers fail to abide by the rules. The Carabiner, one of the composing of Safety Belt, must endure the Allowable Load. In this study, the Industrial accidents and cause of the crash analysis in G Construction company is performed by empirical research. And we have been studied the empirical research to setting up of the allowable limit for Carabiner.

This paper aims to suggest a validity analysis model that would be helpful for local governments considering u-City construction projects and a methodology for them to promote build-transfer-lease (BTL) u-City projects. This methodology mainly uses quanti

The core of vertical space greening of urban architecture which is an effective approach to build the green healthy living environment and to increase urban green space, is the ecological planting epidermis design. By means of learning the experience of international ecological planting design of construction epidermis, the paper reviews principles of ecological planting design of construction epidermis and the relationship between this and planting design, which bases on the concept of BBL, the bioclimatic buffering layer. Furthermore, it aims to find new creative ideas of the combination of green plants and construction epidermis design, in order to provide references for Chinese construction epidermis design practice.

This study examines the construction method of lime tomb of royal tombs in the Choseon Dynasty based on reference. This was primarily published as 『The Five Manners and Courtesy of the Annals of Sejong』as examples, which were followed by the influence of Koryo's culture in the beginning foundation of Choseon, were organized in the time of Sejong; and later, in the time of Sungjong, 『The National Five Manners and Courtes y』was published. Such old reference explains the stone materials and construction method of the royal tomb's pit yet there were not many studies regarding the pit of royal tomb in the Choseon Dynasty. And there exists no historical research or reference study in regard to the pit of royal tomb which is formed as a lime tomb. This is believed to be impossible to excavate the royal tomb since ancestral ritual formalities are still given by the descendants and because of our country's culture of giving ancestral ritual formalities which value formalities and filial duty. However, the current excavation of Guhui Tomb, which was the early burial site, was important since it gives an opportunity to look at the shape and structure of lime tombs in the Choseon Dynasty. Thus, this study, based on the excavation of Guhui Tomb, will look into the construction method of the pit of lime tomb and will examine the structure, shape, construction method, etc. of the lime tomb which was formed after the time of Sejo in a way with reference history. This is an important data to learn the construction method of limb tomb of royal tombs in the Choseon Dynasty and is believed to have a very important value as historical materials as to understanding the structure of the pit of royal tombs in the Choseon Dynasty which yet has not been excavated.

As contemporary building construction type is getting higher and deeper, construction equipment usage is getting more, and related fatal accidents are on an increasing trend. Because of this, a method was drawn which could grasp the present state of construction equipment management and manage safety of the equipment more easily for accident prevention by choosing 2 kinds of Construction equipment which cause safety accident frequently among the equipment mainly used in construction site. This study suggested a method about construction equipment safety management using "smart phone" base which could be used in safety management for construction equipment by whomever in construction site. After attachment of QR code included safety checklist, It became possible that site managers could check more efficiently by scanning with their smart phone when they inspect equipment. Moreover, by the construction interested who didn't know what and how they have to inspect could point out unsafe condition in the early stage of equipment entering or take unsafe one out of the site by using new smart phone safety checking system is installed, it became possible that critical accident caused by construction equipment was prevented in advance.

최근 자전거이용에 대한 관심이 증가하면서, 전국적으로 자전거도로 확충을 계획하고 자전거 이용 활성화를 위해 많은 노력이 이루어지고 있으나 대부분의 계획들은 도시부와 레저형 자전거도로에 치우쳐 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지방부의 생활형 자전거도로 사업의 효율적인 투자를 위한 우선순위를 결정할 수 있는 평가기법을 개발하고자 한다. 먼저 평가지표 개발을 위해 지방부 생활형 자전거도로의 특성을 반영하고 정량화가 가능하여 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 지표를 선정하였으며, 평가지표의 가중치를 산출하기 위하여 계층화분석법을 사용하였다. 또한, 평가항목의 결과만을 기준으로 사업의 우선순위를 평가할 경우 대도시 중심으로 우선순위가 분포되는 경우가 발생할 것으로 판단되어 지역적 형평성(지역균형발전효과)을 고려하기 위해 지역낙후도지수를 고려하였다. 지방부 생활형 자전거도로의 우선순위를 선정하기 위해 시범 적용된 일반국도 구간은 총 23개 구간 160km의 연장으로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구에서 제시된 지방부 생활형 자전거도로 우선순위 평가방법은 지금까지 없었던 생활형 자전거도로에 대한 구체적인 판단기준을 제시하고 정책적 의사결정에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구에서는 교량기초 말뚝의 부주면마찰력 시험을 통하여 연약지반에 타설된 강관말뚝의 부주면마찰력을 측정하였으며 장기적인 마찰응력의 관측시험을 통하여 경제적인 상부구조물 시공시기를 판단하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. (1) 연약지반에서 부마착력의 크기는 침하속도가 클수록 크게 나타났다. (2) 마찰력의 관계 그래프에서 마찰응력의 증감이 없는 시기를 확인하여 상부구조물 시공시기를 판단할 수 있었다. (3) 말뚝정재하시험결과와 부주면마찰력 시험결과를 비교해 본 결과 항타 직후의 부주면마찰력은 재하시험 시의 마찰응력보다 크게 나오는 것으로 판단되며 15일 경과후의 측정값은 비슷하게 나오는 것으로 판단되었고, 이론식에 의한 결과와도 비슷하였다. (4) 부주면마찰력의 장기관측기법을 사용하면 부주면마찰력이 발생하고 있는 중이라도 적절한 상부구조물의 시공시기를 파악할 수 있어 경제적인 시공관리가 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

주장성은 5세기 후반 이후 본격적으로 구축되기 시작하는 신라 석축산성의 가장 발전된 형태라고 할 수 있다. 문무왕12년(672) 신라는 해발 500m가 넘는 남한산에 대규모 산성을 쌓고 당나라와의 전쟁에 대비하였다. 당시 신라는 이미 둘레 8km가 넘는산성을 1년도 안 되는 기간 동안 쌓을 수 있는 조직력과 기술력을 갖추고 있었다. 성돌도 주변에 있는 편마암 석재가 아니라 최소한 11km 이상 떨어진 원거리에서 운반해온 화강암 성돌을 하나 하나 옥수수알 모양으로 치밀하게 가공하여 쌓았다. 보축(保築)으로 성벽을 보강하고 사다리를 타고 올라가야 하는 현문식(懸門式) 성문을 만들었으며, 성벽 위에는 돌로 쌓은 평여장(平女墻)을 쌓았다. 당나라와의 장기전에 대비하여 성 내에는 대형 창고를 지어 많은 군량미와 병장기를 비축하였다. 길이 53m가 넘는 대형 건물에는 기와 한장의 무게가 20kg에 달하는 특대형 기와를 사용하였다. 기와 무게로 인한 엄청난 지붕의 하중을 견딜 수 있도록 돌과 흙을 교대로 판축하여 견고하게 대지를 조성하고 벽체는 두께 2m가 넘도록 하여 기둥이 받는 하중을 분산시키는 등 이 대형건물은 당대 최고 수준의 건축기술로 구축되었음이 밝혀졌다. 인조2년(1624) 조선은 청나라와의 전쟁에 대비하여 남한산성을 수축하였다. 주장성의 옛터를 따라서 성을 쌓고, 주장성 성돌을 재활용하기도 하였지만 현문식 성문을 평문식(平文式)으로 바꾸고, 12개의 암문(暗門)을 새로 만드는 등 남한산성에는 조선중기의 새로운 축성기술이 반영되었다. 병자호란 이후에는 화포공격에 대응할 수 있도록 옹성과 포루가 새롭게 구축되었으며 한봉성과 봉암성, 신남성 등의 외성(外城)이 보강되었다. 성돌의 크기도 커지고 돌로 쌓았던 여장도 벽돌과 석회(石灰)로 다시 쌓아 포탄을 맞아도 쉽게 무너지지 않는 견고한 여장을 만들었다. 이처럼 남한산성은 고대의 축성기술부터 조선시대 후기까지 각 시기 축성기술을 구체적으로 알 수 있는 우리나라 축성기술사의 교과서와 같은 유적이라고 할 수 있다.

This study aims to overview and review the infiltration of Japanese Buddhism and it's influences on the construction and architectural characteristics of Japanese Buddhist temple from the opening of ports to Independence Day of Korea. Infiltration of Japanese Buddhism had been sustained during 70 years from the foundation of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple(東本願寺) in Pusan, by Shinshu Otani School(真宗大谷派) which was one of Japanese Buddhism, to Independence Day of Korea. This study is to be promoted on the following subjects ; 1) the circumstance around the infiltration of Japanese Buddhism 2) Buddhism policy of Japanese Governor and infiltration on Korean Buddhism 3) increasing trend, distribution and construction of Japanese Buddhist temples near downtown areas 4) for the conclusion, case research on Bondang, Gori, and open space and analysis on the architecture style of Japanese Buddhist temples Accordingly, Korean Buddhism had been subordinated to Japanese Buddhism, and the management system and memorial service of Korean Buddhism had to be affected by Japanese Buddhism. This study is considered meaningful for the elementary research to examine the aspects of Japanese style on Korean Buddhist architecture at that time.

This study investigates construction practices for expansion joint using fiber net. After completion of underpass construction of concrete action by the ambient temperature, vehicle vibration and cyclic load due to cracking of asphalt layer expansion joint can penetrate broken asphalt and concrete pavement rapidly destroy the pavement.

생활을 향상시키고 개선하기 위해 화학물질은 전 세계적으로 널리 이용 되고 있고, 또한 국내에는 38,000여종의 화학물질이 유통되고 있다. 그러나 화학물질은 그 이점에 도 불구하고 사람이나 환경에 유해 영향을 가져올 가능성이 있어 위험물안전관리법에 서는 3,000여종을 위험물로 분류하여 규제하고 있다. 위험물에 관련하여 유해화학물질 관리법, 위험물안전관리법, 고압가스안전관리법, 총포ㆍ도검ㆍ화약류단속법, 원자력 진 흥법, 농약관리법 등에서 개별적으로 규정하고 분류하고 있어 위험물질에 대한 표지사 항이 해당 부처에 따라 상이하여 혼란을 야기하고 있고, 위험물에 대한 품목 및 품명 의 고정으로 인하여 새롭게 생성된 위험물질에 대해 적용하는 데 문제점이 있다. 이에 의해 위험물질을 개별법에 따라 관리함으로써 중복된 위험물질 분류 및 관리 의 문제가 있으며, 위험물질 분류에 있어서 위험물질에 따라 수송수단이 상이함에도 불구하고 수송수단별(도로, 철도, 해운, 항공) 위험물질에 대한 세분화된 자료가 부족 하다. 따라서 수송관점에서 표준화된 위험물 물질정보의 분류와 코드화 방안개발이 필 요하다. 본 연구는 국내ㆍ외 문헌 검토 및 위험물에 관련된 법제도 비교를 통하여 위 험물 수송관리체계 정비방안과 위험물 수송사고의 문제점을 도출하고 기존의 위험물 분류체계에서 운송관점에서의 위험물 매칭테이블을 구축하고 신속한 사고대응을 위한 위험물질별 코드화 방안을 제안하도록 하겠다.

As contemporary building construction type is getting higher and deeper,construction equipment usage is getting more, and related fatal accidents are on an increasing trend. In these days, due to the deteriorating construction business circumstance, job finding problem of equipment operator, and dumping contract, equipment lease suppliers are putin jeopardy. In high-rise building construction, especially tower crane, mobile elevated work platform and other High place operation cars among construction equipment cause many critical accidents because of drop supply of construction biding bringing out dumping contract could cause unsafe and poor construction management. Because of this, a method was drawn which could grasp the present state of construction equipment management and manage safety of the equipment more easily for accident prevention by choosing 2 kinds of Construction equipment which cause safety accident frequently among the equipment mainly used in construction site. This study suggested a method about construction equipment safety management using ‘‘smart phone’ base which could be used in safety management for construction equipment by whomever in construction site. After attachment of QR code included safety checklist, It became possible that site managers could check more efficiently by scanning with their smart phone when they inspect equipment. Moreover, by the construction interested who didn’t know what and how they have to inspect could point out unsafe condition in the early stage of equipment entering or take unsafe one out of the site by using new smart phone safety checking system is installed, it became possible that critical accident caused by construction equipment was prevented in advance.

Risk Assessment, a basis of health and safety management system, is an calamity prevention activity which regularly measure the level of a risk to passively improve potential hazard. A problem, the assessment not being improved to be applied to the construction work site where requires diversity and complexity, causes the assessment to be inefficient to bring quality results. A study on the investigates and compares the surveyed degree of recognitions of workers who works in companies executing the risk assessment By the investigation and comparison, it is expected to bring the better solution for early and efficient application for those companies which are not taking the risk assessment.