Although hair disorders are not life threatening, a lot of people who suffer hair loss and/or hair thinning is increasing in accordance with changes in lifestyle and nutritional balance. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of herbal extracts on hair regrowth in C3H/HeJ mice. There were 6 experimental groups including distilled water (D.W.), 50% ethanol (a vehicle control), 3% minoxidil (a positive control), and 3 kinds of herbal extracts mixtures (C, D & E). The test compounds included followings; C : Glycyrrhizae radix, Rhei Rhizoma, Cornus officinalis and Sesami semeni, D : Viticus fructus, Pulsatilla chinensis, Gardenia fructus and Artemisiae argyi herb, E : Swertia pseudo-chinensis, Sophora flavescens Scutellaria baicalensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza. The animals were shaved with an electric clipper. The test compounds were daily treated to dorsal skin with 0.2 ml per mouse for 3 weeks. The topical application of the E test solution accelerated hair regrowth after 10 days faster than that of the positive and vehicle controls. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase significantly were increased in all the treatment groups after 3 weeks, compared with D.W. group. Especially, the E test solution notably increased ALP activity compared with positive or vehicle control group. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were increased in all the treatment groups after 3 weeks compared with D.W. group. These results suggest that the herbal extracts have hair regrowth effect by increasing enzyme activities and growth factors and it can be useful for treatment for alopecia in humans.

Effect of four nematicidal herbal extracts (Daphne genkwa, Eugenia caryophyllata, Quisqualis indica and Zingiber officinale) and 3 acricidal herbal extracts (Pharbitis nil, Xanthium strumarium, and Desmodium caudatum) on entomopathobenic nematodes [Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon strain (ScP) and Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan strain (HG)], silkworm (Bombyx mori), and ground beetles (Synuchus sp.) were investigated in the laboratory and field. D. genkwa was highly toxic to ScP and HG (100% mortality) at the concentration of 5,000 ppm in X-plate. All the infective juveniles of HG were dead after 3 days by E. caryophyllata and Q. indica. The mortality of ScP and HG was below 10% by D. genkwa, D. caudatum, E. caryophyllata, Q. indica and Z. officinale at the concentration of 1,000 ppm two days after treatment while mortality of HG was 62.8% by D. genkwa at the concentration of 1,000 ppm in X-plate. However, 1,000 ppm had not effect on nematode survival and pathogenicity of ScP in sand column. On the contrary, E. caryophyllata had effect on pathogenicity of HG. Mean number of dead Galleria mellonella larva of HG was 0.5 in E. caryophyllata treatment. Q. indica did not effect silkworm reared on mulberry leaves at the treatment of 1,000 ppm in 10 days after treatment. However, there were 20.0 and 100% mortalities in the treatment of D. genkwa 3 and 10 days after treatment, respectively. The weight of silkworm was low in D. genkwa and did not pupate. The weight of pupa and cocoon were not different in E. caryophyllata, P. nil, Q. indica, X. strumarium and Z. officinale. D. genkwa, E. caryophyllata, P. nil, Q. indica and Z. officinale had no effect on ground beetles, Synuchus sp. in forest soil.

This study was carried out to investigate effect of herbal extracts mixtures on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. There were 4 experimental groups including distilled water (DW, negative control), 25% ethanol(EtOH, vehicle control) and two herbal extract mixtures (HE-1 and HE-2). HE-1 included Polygonum and Brassica campestris extracts and HE-2 included Mulberry root and Gardenia extracts. The 6 weeks-old C57BL/6 male mice were shaved with an electric clipper and the test compounds were topically treated with 0.2 ml per mouse daily for 3 weeks. The hair re-growth was photographically determined at days 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21. The number of mast cells which is an important modulator of hair growth was counted in 1 cm of dorsal skin section of mice. There were no clinical signs in all experimental groups. As the results of photometric analysis, the topical application of the herbal extracts (HE-1 & 2) for 2 weeks to dorsal skin accelerated hair re-growth remarkably faster than that of DW group (p＜0.05). Activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly increased in EtOH group compared to DW group (p＜0.05). Both herbal extract mixtures also increased the ALP activity, but it was not significantly different from DW. Treatment of mice with HE-2 significantly increased mast cell population compared to EtOH. Taken together, these results suggest that herbal extract mixtures used in this study may have hair-growth promoting activities and can be useful for treatment for male pattern baldness or alopecia in humans.

The aim of this study was to examine the promoting effect of herbal extracts on hair regrowth in C3H/HeJ mice. The herbal extracts were obtained from the Damo-cosmetics Inc. There were four experimental groups including distilled water (D. W., negative control), 20% ethanol (EtOH, vehicle control), 3% minoxidil (MXD, positive control), and herbal extract (Ext). The herbal extract included the mixture of water and alcohol extract from Pleuropterus multflorus, Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Phellinus linteus, and Phaseolus radiatus. Test compounds were applied to the shaved dorsal skin of mice mouse for 3 weeks. The photograph of hair regrowth was taken at day 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21. The herbal extract group showed faster hair regrowth than negative control group or 20% EtOH groups after 10 and 14 days of treatments. The elongation of hair follicles in MXD and the herbal extract groups were observed. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were sfanificantly (γ-GT) increased in MXD and herbal extract groups compared with negative control group (p＜0.05). The expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also sfanificantly hfaher in MXD and herbal extract group than negative control group (p＜0.05), althouah there were no sfanificant differences amoularhe groups of 20% EtOH, MXD, and herbal extract. These results suagest that the herbal extract used in this study may have grpromoting effect on hair regrowth by increasing activities of ALP and γ-GT and expression of EGF and VEGF.

Anti-wrinkle effect of herbal extracts was investigated on the skin of in a model of animal irradiated by ultraviolet rey B (UVB). The female albino hairless mice (HR/ICR) were randomly allocated to the normal control group (NC-non irradiated-vechicle), positive control group (PC, UVB irradiated vehicle) and herbal extract (HE) group. The herbal extract included the mixture of water and alcohol extract from Pleuropterus multflorus, Lonicera japonica Thunbert, Phellinus linteus, and Phaseolus radiatus. The herbal extract was treated dorsally with 0.2 ml per mouse five times a week for 12 weeks. At fifth week of the treatment, the animals were exposed to UVB irradiation for subsequent eight weeks three times a week. The intensity of irradiation was gradually increased from 30 mJ/㎠ to 240 mJ/㎠ (1MED: 60 mJ/㎠). Dorsal skins were obtained and stained with H&E to examine histological changes and epidermal/dermal thckness. The collagen fiber was also observed in Masson-Trichrome staining. Hydroxyproline assay and western blot analysis were also carried out to detect the change of collagen amount and to investigate MMP-1 expression, respectively. The HE group showed a better appearance and weak wrinkling, compared to PC group, The treatment of herbal extract significantly increased the thickness of dermis and the amount of collagen fibers compared to PC group (p＜0.05). The treatment of HE significantly increased the hydroxyproline amount compared to PC group (p＜0.05). The chronic UVB irradiation to hairless mice skin increased expression of MMP-1 but the treatment of HE decreased the expression of MMP-1. These results indicate that the herbal extract used in this study have a preventive effect on the UVB-induced wrinkle in a hairless mice model, partly due to the reduction of MMP-1 expression and increment of collagen amount.

MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium) assay were used to analyze anticancer activities from herbal plants. This study was conducted to inhibit the human lung cancer(A549) cell line in vitro. The 1C50 value of cytotoxicity showed range of 127.83-2018 .1 9μg/m~. Especially Coriander( 127.83μg/mR} and Catnip(140.68μg/me.) showed more stronger activity than other plants, respectively.

This study was investigated on antioxidant activities of methanol, ethanol, and water extracts of 42 herbs. The herbs grown at Dankook university practice greenhouse. Through the examination of methanol, ethanol , and water extracts from 42 herbs for radical scavenging effects using DPPH method. Antioxidant activities of each solvent extracts were not similar or lower than that ascorbic acid. The IC50 value of antioxidant activities have range 400-200 in about 25% of herbs and water extract showed higher antioxidant activity more than methanol and ethanol extracts. Antioxidant activities in methanol extract were in order of lemon balm>pappermint>oregano, ethanol extract of sweet majoram>oregano>spearmint, and water extract of beramot mixed>lemon balm> oregano. Lemon balm, oregano, red basil , spearmint among 42 herbs showed the highest antioxidive activity and water extract was excellent results than other extracts.

The periodontal diseases and dental caries are major infectious diseases in oral cavity. Many of the preventive and therapeutic dental products contain the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory components. But some of these antimicrobial have weak points such as coloration, burning sensation and insolubility in water. We have screened the therapeutic herbal extracts of the Plant Extract Bank for the antimicrobial activity on the major dental pathogens by growth inhibition assay. For the Porphyromonas gingivalis, 8 herbal extracts had an antimicrobial activity, 11 herbal extracts for the Prevotella intermedia, 43 herbal extracts for the Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans and 61 herbal extracts for the Streptococcus mutans. Among these extracts, 6 herbal extracts had an antimicrobial activity for more than 3 species of dental pathogens. These extracts are Araliae Cordatae Radix, Crassirhizomae Rhizoma, Mori Radicis Cortex, Psoraleae Semen, Pini Ramulus and Sieges- beckiae Herba. All of effective extracts were CA group, ethanol extracts. Among these 6 herbal extracts, only Crassirhizomae is known to have a antibacterial effects. Therefore these herbal extracts have a possibility to be a candidate for a major antibacterial components in dental products.

Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis has recently been reported in young women who have been on a slimming regimen including chinese herbs. Aristolochic acid, suspected as the causal factor of this renal disease, is a well known carcinogen. It has been known that Madouling (Aristolochiae fructus) contains aristolochic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Madouling, Madouling-tang, which are the extract mixture from 10 different chinese herbs including Madouling, and aristolochic acid on reproductive and developmental toxicity. Female rats were administered orally with the extracts of Madouling, madouling-tang, and aristolochic acid from 14 days before mating to day 17 of gestation. Madouling (8mg/kg) decreased fertility in the 8mg/kg group, but Madouling-tang and aristolochic acids did not. Significant decrease of mean fetal body weights were observed in the 16mg/kg group of aristolochic acids. External, visceral and skeletal malformation of fetuses were not observed with treatment. Histopathological examination showed the discrete damage of kidney in the 8mg/kg group of Madouling and 16mg/kg groups of aristolochic acid. In whole embryo culture, Madouling and Madouling-tang caused the retardation of growth and development of embryo in the dose of 1 g/ml and 0.02 /kg, respectively while aristolochic acids showed the similar effect in the dose of 300 /kg. These results indicate that Madouling, up to 0.05mg/kg (prescription dose to human) has no adverse effects on the fertility, reproduction and development of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Purpose : The prescriptions of Dongyisoosebowon (東醫壽世保元) are so different to those of existing Korean medicine(韓醫學). Because Lee Jema (李濟馬, 1837-1900, the author of Dongyisoosebowon) has classified herbal medicines(本草) by the four Sasang constitutions(四象體質). But he has not explained his method in detail. Therefore we make a plan to analyze the herbal medicine of the Dongyisoosebowon prescription by Sung․M i․Guikyung(性․味․歸經), the essential elements of the herbal medicines, to get a idea how Lee Jema has classified the herbal medicines by four Sasang constitutions. Methods : The herbal medicines are chosen from Dongmuyugo(東武遺藁) and Dongyisoosebowon. And they are rearranged by Sung․Mi․Guikyung from Shinnongbonchokyung(神農本草經), Tangaekboncho(湯液本草) Dongyibogam(東醫寶鑑) and Imsangbonchohak(臨床本草學, Clinical Herbology). Result : The herbal medicines classified by Lee Jema have a characteristic trend by their Sung․Mi․Guikyung. In the herbal medicines of Soumin (少陰人), 81.8% of them is characterised in Warm and hot medicine (溫熱藥材) and 68.2% has its action to Bi(脾). In those of Soyangin, 75% of them is characterised in Cool and cold medicine (寒凉藥材) and 60% to Sin(腎), 25.7% to Bangkwnag(膀胱). In those of Taeumin, 63% of them is characterised in Warm and hot medicine, 47.8% in Cool and cold medicine. In all of their classifications, the result of Yakmi(藥味, taste of herbal medicine) analysis is not characteristic. Conclusion : The herbal medicines classified by Lee Jema have a characteristic trend by their Sung․Guikyung.

The use of herbs for medical benefit has played an important role in nearly every culture on earth. Herbal medicine was practiced by ancient cultures in Asia. Herbal drugs should be processed before using or making into various forms. We study on the formulae and administration of herbal drugs used for stroke in the Poong(風) section of DongYiBoGam(東醫寶鑑) and the conclusion is said that;. Besides decoction of herbal drug, there are pill, powder, soft extract, powder to be taken after infused in warm boiled-water or liquor. The most commom way to take a medicine is a decoction boiled with the water(pills comes next, powder follows it), and bamboo juice or ginger juice was usually added when it needs. Pills are mostly taken with honey and being done with flour comes as the 2nd common way. In 11 cases, pills are wrapped by cinnabar or gold foil(sometimes both come together). Pills and powder are commonly taken with the warm water or herb(most of them are ginger juice or warm liquor). Warm liqour is the most common material taken with the powder but warm water or ginger juice is used, too. In chui-che(取嚔) method, powder is simply used. Their characteristics and administrations are shown in detail in Pharmacology of Traditional Korean Medical Formulae. It is neccessary to research and develope various administrations of drug in order to take the best effects on oriental(Koran traditional) medicine.

The antimutagenic effects of 46 kinds of medicinal plants that have been used as traditional folk antitumor agents in Korea were studied by using Ames mutagenicity teat. Most of the methanolic extracts from the plants which were used in this experiment showed strong antimutagenic activity toward atlatoxin B₁(AFB₁) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98. However, N-methyl-N'-vitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced mutagenicity was not blocked by adding the methanolic extracts of the plants except persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki Thunberg) and Elaeagnus umbellata.

With the implementation of the internationalization strategy of traditional Chinese medicine (hereinafter referred to as “TCM”) and the increasing recognition of TCM in the world, the export trade of traditional Chinese medicinal materials has shown an overall positive trend. With the rapid development of the global economy, people's pursuit of wealth has gradually accelerated, and at the same time, they have paid much more attention to pollution-free and health and green environmental protection than before. A new measure to protect the domestic ecological environment has emerged internationally - green trade barriers. Based on the analysis of the general situation of green trade barriers and the status quo of the industry, this paper expounds the performance and reality of the green trade barriers encountered in China’s export of Chinese herbal medicines, and then provides four countermeasures: firstly, spread and promote screening and classification standards of regions and material origins for medicines; secondly, resolutely promote industrial production standards to ensure the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal products; thirdly, accelerate the cultivation of international TCM trade talents to help better predicting and responding to the green trade barriers; and lastly, strengthen the overall management of the traditional Chinese medicine industry.

최근 미세먼지, 내분비장애, 환경 호르몬등에 의해 피부 염증 질환 환자들이 증가함에 따라 화장품 소재 개발 연구는 스테로이드, 항히스타민제 등의 피부염 치료 합성화합물 보다 이를 대체할 수 있는 천연물 기반의 보다 안전한 소재 발굴에 관심이 더 증가되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 천연 약재 스크리닝을 거쳐 피부 효능 효과가 검증된 두충, 익지인, 백강잠의 한방추출물(Mix)을 선정하고, 이들의 새로운 피부 효능을 규명하여 천연 화장품 소재를 개발하고자 하였다. 우선 한방추출물(Mix)의 항산화 효능을 검증하기 위해 DPPH assay를 수행한 결과 400 μg/mL 농도 조건에서 약 98.8% DPPH radical 소거 활성을 확인하였다. 한방추출물(Mix)의 미백효능을 확인하기 위해 B16F10 세포주를 활용하여 한방추출물에 의한 멜라닌 합성량을 측정하였다. 400 μg/mL 농도 조건에서 α-MSH 처리군 대비 27.1% 수준까지 멜라닌 합성량이 감소하여 미백 효능 활성에 대해 유의성 있는 결과를 확인하였다. 또한 한방추출물(Mix)의 항염증 효능을 확인하기 위해 LPS 자극으로 활성화된 RAW264.7 대식세포에서 NO(nitric oxide) 합성 및 iNOS, COX-2의 유전자 발현을 관찰한 결과 모두 유의적으로 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 염증성 사이토카인으로 알려진 IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α의 mRNA 발현을 분석한 결과에서도 한방추출물에 의해 효과적으로 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 피부장벽 기능 강화를 확인하기 위해 인간 각질형성세포인 HaCaT을 이용해 tight junction 구성 단백질 인 claudin 1 유전자의 발현 변화를 관찰한 결과 한방추출물에 의해 mRNA 발현이 농도 의존적으로 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 우리는 두충, 익지인, 백강잠을 함유한 한방추출물(Mix)이 항산화, 항염, 미백, 그리고 피부장벽 강화 등에 유효한 소재임을 확인하였고, 향후 피부 임상시험 등이 이뤄진다면 피부염 환자에 효과적인 천연 화장품 소재로 개발될 수 있을 것이다.

Background : Great achievements have been made to form a system to protect seed intellectual property rights over the past years in Korea. The system is divided into two parts: the plant variety protection (PVP) system and the patent. Korea has a dual protection system unlike Europe. The purpose of this study was to examine the application and industry trends, and the registration states of herbal crops under the PVP system. Methods and Results : Eighteen years have passed since Korea introduced PVP system. The number of plant varieties were applied for the registration were 9,959 and 7,070 among 9,959 were registered until the end of 2017. The total number of 9,959 applicant varieties formulations like ornamental crops (5,036 varieties, 52%) > vegetables (2,149, 22%) > food crops (1,251, 13%) > persimmon trees (626, 6%) > special crops (397, 4%) > mushrooms (267, 2%) > and forage crops (69, 1%). The total number of 7,070 registered varieties formulations like ornamental (3,779 varieties, 54%) > vegetables (1,344, 19%) > food crops (1,020, 15%) > persimmon trees (398, 5%) > special crops (282, 4%) > mushrooms (169, 2%) > and forage crops (42, 1%). Among the applicant varieties for registration, special 50 type crops in 397 varieties were applied until the end of 2017. The applicant varieties formulation like sesame (72 varieties) > perilla (54) > peanuts (53) > ginseng (32) > Tea tree (18) > rape (31) > matrimony vine (14) > mulberry (11). Among the remained 42 crops, less than 10 varieties were applied. Oilseed crops such as sesame, perilla, peanut and rapeseed are 60% of the total number of applications for special crops, 32% of herbal crops such as ginseng and foxglove (Rehmannia glutinosa), 8% in fiber (ramie) and beverage crops (stevia, tea). Compared with Japan, 33,206 varieties were applied and 8,963 were registered as of March 31, 2018. Among the special crops, 287 varieties (0.8%) were applied and 126 varieties (1.4%) were registered. Conclusion : The total of 9,959 varieties have been applied for the PVP, of which 397 (4%) are special crops and 282 (4%) among 397 are registered varieties. The number of applications of herbal crops such as ginseng and foxglove consist 165 varieties, which corresponds to 2% of total applications. Compared with Japan in the term of registered special crops, in Korea they have been registered about twice as much.