15세기 훈민정음이 창제되고, 이후 이를 통한 한국어 표 기는 그 명칭을 비롯하여 음운과 형태 등의 여러 부문에서 다양 하면서도 역동적인 변화 과정을 거쳐 왔다. 이러한 표기의 변화는 어떤 일정한 방향을 지니고 있었으며, 따라서 한국어 표기법(또는 표기 규범)의 역사적 흐름에 관한 연구는 이러한 변화의 원리를 찾는 데 집중되어 왔다. 이 글에서는 훈민정음 모음자 중에서 가장 기본적인 문자인 아래아(‘ㆍ’)의 표기상의 변화 과정을 기술한다. 이를 위해 한국어 표기법의 역사적 흐름을 문자의 명칭을 따라 훈민정음 표 기법과 국문 표기법, 언문 철자법, 한글 맞춤법으로 구분하고, 각각의 경우에서 문자로서의 ‘ㆍ’가 표기에 어떻게 반영되었는지에 대해 당시 의 표기 자료와 규범 등의 문헌을 통해 분석한다. 특히 문자는 음성언 어를 반영하지만 표기법의 역사적 측면에서 보면 보수성을 지닌다는 점을 고려하여, ‘ㆍ’ 표기의 변화 과정을 문자의 보수성의 측면에서 해 석한다.

이 연구는 학문 목적 한국어 학습자를 대상으로 CBI를 활용한 한국 역사 문화수업의 방안을 고안하고 실제 방향을 제시 하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 먼저 이론적 배경을 통하여 CBI의 특징 및 여러 수업 모델들의 원리와 효과에 대하여 살펴보았다. 그리고 이러한 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 ‘생각하기–내용 이해하기– 활용하기–마무리하기’ 라는 수업 절차를 구성하고 역사 문화수업의 실제 예를 보였다. 마지막으로 CBI를 활용한 수업 시 언어 교사가 가져야 할 전문 지식에 대한 부담감 그리고 교재 및 활동 개발 등을 제언하였다.

대한기독교회가 일제로부터 수난을 당한 원산사건의 원인에는 우태호 사건이 있다. 우태호 사건의 원인을 우태호 개인에게서 찾는 것은 역사적 오해에서 비롯되었을 가능성이 매우 높다. 그러나 이 사건은 사건 전모와 관련하여 규명되거나 해명되지 않은 부분들이 있으며, 특히 사건과 관련하여 특정한 주장들에 대한 객관적인 증거들이 부족한 상태이다. 이는 대한 기독교회의 역사에서 반드시 재고되고 수정되어야 할 부분이다. 우태호 사건은 그 사건의 전말에 있어서나 평가에 있어서 여러 논란들이 있어왔으므 로 이 사건의 발단 단계에서 풀어봐야 할 문제이다. 본 논문은 원산사건의 발단이 되는 우태호 사건의 과정을 재구성하여 그동안 지나치게 한쪽으로 편향된 역사에 대해, 다른 역사적 근거를 제시하여 재평가 하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이에 원산사건에 앞서 발생한 우태호 사건을 재정립하여 원산사건 발생에 대한 바른 이해를 구축하고 한국침례교회 역사에서 우태호에 대한 분석은 물론 그에 대한 정당한 평가를 하고자 함이다.

이 글은 창간호부터 2019년까지 ｢한국교회사학회지｣에 수록된 한국기 독교의 역사 연구 논문들에 대한 분석적 연구이다. ｢한국교회사학회지｣는 해방 후 최초로 발간된 한국의 교회사 학술 연구 논문집이다. 이 기간 동안 135편의 한국교회사 연구 논문이 수록되었다. 이 글은 그 연구 논문들을 분류하여 인물 연구, 사회사, 사상사, 교단사, 문화사 등의 범주로 분류 하였다. 초창기 연구들은 한국교회사의 기초를 위한 연구들이 이루어졌다. 1990년대 이후 연구 논문들의 수가 빠르게 증가하였다. 2000년 이후의 논문들은 체제의 완성도가 높아지고 연구 분야도 다양해졌다. 2010년대의 연구 논문들은 논문 심사의 강화로 논문들의 체제와 논문의 주제들이 더욱 다양하게 발전하였다. 연구 분야는 인물 연구와 사회사 논문이 가장 많은 비중을 차지하며 신학사상, 문화사 연구들이 다수를 차지하였다. 이후의 연구에서는 통계자료의 도입과 타 분야와 복합적 연구가 필요하다.

이 연구는 대한민국에서 국제난민지원단체를 설립하고 20여 년간 난민 보호활동을 하고 있는 이호택 대표의 생애사 연구이다. Atkinson(1998a, 1998b)의 내러티브 탐구의 생애 이야기 면담 방법으로 7회에 걸쳐 생애사 텍스트를 생성하고, Adriansen(2012)이 제시한 ‘타임라 인 면담 분석’으로 코딩한 후, Lieblich 등(1998)이 제시한 ‘통합적 내용 접근’으로 리코딩 했다. 그의 생애 이야기의 독자성을(Lieblich et al., 1998) 일곱 가지 주제 곧, 난민처럼 인생의 가장 약한 지점에서 시작되는 이야기, 활동가의 길을 가게 한 생의 분기점과 결정적 만남, 대한민국 소수자 보호활동의 개척사를 쓴 개척자, 타인을 위해 생명을 나누고자 하는 사명자, 세상을 이해하며 삶이 뒷받침되는 공부를 추구하는 이유, ‘난민들의 피난처’라는 의미, 대한민국 활동가로서의 생애 비전과 좌우 이념을 오가는 통합 방식 등으로 구성할 수 있었다. 대한민국 1세대 난민 활동가의 생애사를 통해 대한민국 사회에서 난민 코드를 탈북 코드와의 접합 속에서 개인적, 구조적으로 정당화할 수 있었다.

How will the reunification of Korea impact the population and enable them to confront their history and recognize themselves as citizens of a new Unified Korea? As cultural identity is ubiquitous in intercultural communication and across social science disciplines, this study seeks to analyze the formation of different identities in both North Korea and South Korea during the almost 70 years of division. This analysis will focus on the distinct interpretations of three major topics by both Koreas: 1) Korean Mythology, specifically, the Myth of Dangun, 2) the Perceived Meaning of Independence, and 3) the Korean War-comparisons which have been ignored by most of the research to date related to the Korean Peninsula. Intercultural communication attempts to establish reciprocity through the exchange of information and values between parties hitherto unknown to each other. In this process, it is vital to examine which historical elements of the Koreas that can be employed to reduce nationalistic and ethnocentric views and stereotypes, to develop mutual positive perceptions, to promote reconciliation, and to facilitate conflict resolution and form common regional perspectives. This study will focus on ideology, individual identity and intercultural communication to analyze the current relationship between the history education and social identity formation of both Koreas. As such, it will examine how each social identity formation can provide narratives about the transformation of former enemy groups from enmity to being considered members of the same society. Korostelina describes North Korean history education as an example of the impact that history textbooks can have on the formation of an ideological mode of national identity. What have others said about the impact of Korean history textbooks on the above mentioned topics?

This study addresses the phenomenon of foundational meta-narratives in North Korea’s discourses. Meta-narratives are understood here as a totalizing cultural narrative schema which orders and explains knowledge and experience. On the national level, meta-narratives refer to those over-arching, all-encompassing myths and stories that contain the historical knowledge of a country’s foundational history. This paper discusses three particularly important meta-narratives permeating North Korea’s contemporary political and cultural discourses: the meta-narrative of national ruin, of (Kim Il Sung’s) armed resistance and of constant threat of external aggression. Providing both positive and negative frames of reference, the study shows how these meta-narratives are strategically employed in contemporary discourses as ‘historical contextualizations’ in which particular interpretations of the past are used as arguments for political actions in the present, and, with recourse to history, produce a normative frame for evaluating contemporary events and actions. At the same time, the historical references and myths contained in those meta-narratives play an important role in establishing identity and fostering integration, for they level differences within the North Korean community and thus construct sameness and communality.

The egg development and early life history of Korean spotted sleeper, Odontobutis interrupta which is Korean endemic species from Sora-choen was investigated. The Korean spotted sleeper were caught at Sora-myeon, Yeosu-si, Jeollanamdo, from Korea at May in 2014. The fertilized eggs were 4.23 ± 0.05 mm in long diameter and had oil globules. Hatching time of the embryo began about 442 hr 14 min after fertilization under water temperature of 19.5oC. The newly hatched larvae were 4.27 ± 0.35 mm in total length and their anus were not yet opened. 3 days after hatching postlarvae was measured 6.20 ± 0.11 mm in total length. 10 days after hatching postlarvae was measured 6.69 ± 0.14 mm in total length.

As one of the most important crop, rice is not only a staple food of half world’s population but a wonderful model plant, which has been leading the evolution and functional genomics study. The next-generation sequencing technology are expediting rice genomic study, by providing a simple but powerful way. In this study, we re-sequenced a core collection of 137 rice accessions from all over the world along with 158 Korean breeding varieties. Finally, 6.3G uniquely mapped reads were obtained, and about 10 million SNPs and ~1.2 million InDels were identified with average sequencing depth of 7.5X. These will help us to maximize our germplasm utilization and assists all the deep research in population dynamics and functional studies. Here, we’d like to show the approaches applied to resequencing data mining and on-going activities.

In 1916 had come Dr. Frank W. Scofield as a Medical Professor at the Severance Medical College in Korea. In 1958 after the reacquisition of independence he visited Korea again but as a state guest, and then acquired the Korean citizenship. His love of Korea and the Korean People has been same now and then. His life as such can be evaluated with threefold frame of reference from Korean Church History. First, he was a Christian man of nationalistic movement for the Korean independence. He contributed for enhancing it in publicizing throughout the whole world the real features of the movement by means of the pictures which he had taken at the very spots of the March-First Independence Movement at the request of Kap-Sung Lee, one of the 33 national representatives. Besides, he visited and took care of many Koreans who had been suffered from severe punishment because of joining it. During this time he heard fact of Japanese putting Koreans to the brutal and barbarous tortures, which caused him to call out for stopping such things to the Japanese authority. It was very meaningful in relation with the movement that he visited the place of massacre at Chaiamm-ni during this time and reported its misery to the whole world, and that he aroused global interest in the Korean independence. He was banished from Korea under the pressure of Japanese regime because of his support of the Independence Movement. Second, he was a church reformer who succeeded the spirit of the Independence Movement. Dr. Scofield saw a real state of the Korean Church. He hoped that she should return to and stay all the time in the spirit of the movement. He diagnosed her as corrupted in an article with the title ‘Korean Church, Yesterday and Today’ in <Christianity Thought>printed in March 1961. According to Dr. Scofield, the Korean Church, 40 years ago, was devoted to the Bible-study and was alive with a self-sacrificing spirit. But she at that time became secularized and lost power of sanctification. Dr. Scofield emphasized on the fact that she should restore the spirit of the March-First Independence Movement 40 years ago. Third, he has been a medical missionary and educator who accomplishes his mission at his own expense. At the first time, he had come to Korea as a missionary of the Canadian Presbyterian Church, but after reacquisition of the Independence he discarded relationship with any other foreign missionary societies. Though in such a status, he accomplished his mission with self support. Along with the main job of teaching at universities, he grouped young students and led them in the Bible study for hoping them to become future leaders of Korea. Also, he supported regularly social welfare organizations and provided the poor students with scholarship, so that they could complete their education. While he himself lived a thrift way of life, he practiced completely non-possessive life style for the sake of his neighbors. It was faithful living up to his conviction on the Christian value as such that made him fulfilled a admirable life. In short, his whole life manifested a true way of sharing, caring, and praying. His direct involvement in the Korean Independence Movement and missionary works is so marvelous as to one human being. However, the Korean Church has been neglecting in the right evaluation. As for me the only reason for that is due to his independent missionary works as of lay person outside of any denominational relation. Now, it is the urgent task that the Korean Church is to explore his life and thought, and to apply them to herself.

This is a study on the curriculum of church history of the Korean Presbyterian Seminary from 1901 to 1935. The Korean Presbyterian Seminary was established in 1901. The seminary was built for the spread of the gospel not for the research of theology. W. L. Swallen was one of the founders of the seminary and he wrote the first textbook of church history in the Korean language in 1913. The book was entitled Kyohoisaki (敎會史記) : the Book of Church History. The editorial system of the Kyohoisaki was a dictionary of history. The theological foundation of the book was evangelical. A new text of church history of Presbyterian Seminary was published in the 1930’s. The new text’s theological foundation was evangelical, the same as Swallen’s text. But the level of study of church history was developed further. The new text included the advanced objectivity of historical description, methodology of history and the system of editing. The Presbyterian seminary could offer the academical curriculum of the church history in the 1930’s.

This study reviews the existing discourses on church disunity of the Korean Presbyterian Churches. It aims to examine the structure and logic of the discourses rather than criticising the discourses themselves. In doing so, it first accepts the existing discourses as such through suspension of judgment, and then clarifies the limitation of the discourses and suggests the feasible, if any, solutions. In the existing discourses on church disunity, it is said that the following issues are most important for each groups: the discipline issue for the Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin (Koshin group), the issue of the doctrine of the Bible for the Presbyterian Church of the Republic of Korea (PROK, Kijang group), the issue of the ecumenical movement for the Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong group), and the personality issue for the Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap group). Although different Korean Presbyterian denominations delivered their own discourses on church disunity, we came to notice the discrepancy between their argument and the reality of the churches when examining their church history. Such discrepancy, however, strongly suggests that in the Korean Presbyterian Churches there can be possibilities to change the course of history. As the Early Church took the opportunity for unity and development, facing church disunity, the Korean Church, particularly the Korean Presbyterian Churches, is expected to do the same.

It was in the year of 2010 that the news, which the thirteenth General Assembly of the World Council of Churches would be held in Pusan in 2013, was reported. Since then, the Korean Protestant church community has been extremely divided. While many Christians welcomed the news in jubilation, some opposed it in anger. Those church leaders and theologians in opposition have said that the WCC denies the orthodox doctrine of proselytism and promotes a religious pluralism through its program of dialogue among various religions The WCC’s theological orientation, they argue, “anti-Biblical, anti-Christian and anti-church.” The WCC’s theology and ecumenical movement ia “a Satanic challenge to the church. Therefore, they oppose the scheduled General Assembly of the WCC. However, their seemingly theological argument and accusation is, it seems, is political rather than theological. An anti-WCC movement in Korea, which began immediately after the Liberation, more specifically after the north-south division, was also begun not by theologians but by some politicians and ultra-conservative church leaders during the Korean War in Pusan. This article aims to explore this historical context in which the anti-WCC movement was begun. Who did initiate it, when and why? This article thus discusses such concepts as the Cold War, the emergence of a new world order, the division of Korea, the Korean War, McCarthy’s anti-communist hysteria, ‘red complex and so forth. All of these elements brought about a new doctrine that communism is anti-Christianity and Christianity is anti-communism. In this peculiar historical context, a strong militant anti-communist element is so strong in the Korean church community that some church leaders have stood militantly against the WCC.

Six kinds of Korean Modern History’ Authorized Textbook have the fixed places in which the contents of Christianity were described. The Comparison between the tables of them shows the similarity of the large units, th meddle units, and the little units of six textbooks. According, first of all it must be examined that the places of Christianity in textbooks is fitting. The places of Christianity in textbooks were decided according to the editing principles of textbooks and the historical view. All textbooks have the nationalistic historical viewpoint and the immanent development historical viewpoint. Some textbooks have the left-oriented historical viewpoint plus these common features. When the textbooks were written with the nationalistic historical viewpoint and the immanent development historical viewpoint, the modernization and the armed independence movement as the most urgent of modern history tasks have the most important places. So the written contents of korean modern history were comprised with those. Now the debating problem is the cognition about the causes of the modernization. The nationalistic historical viewpoint and the internal development historical viewpoint have the viewpoint that the modernization was progressed by the internal development, but interrupted by the Japan. After that, the national independence was achieved by the armed independence movement and the modernization was progressed. But the Christianity contributes very much the modernizing process of Korea in the modern history. Therefore in the future, the some important roles of Christianity in the korean modernization process must be known and the Christianity should be recognized as the core of modernization. The upright historical viewpoint for the description of modern history has to be established for the recognition of the roles of christianity in the modernizing process. The new historical viewpoint should be comprised with the internal factors and the external factors.

이 글은 한국유학사에서 면우 곽종석이 차지하는 위상에 대해 고찰한 것이다. 학문과 사상, 그리고 현실 대응 등 그의 삶과 학문 전반에 대해 폭넓게 살폈다. 곽종석은 조선 말기로부터 일제강점기에 간재 전우와 함께 조선유학의 쌍벽으 로 추앙을 받았다. 그는 학통과 당색에서 완전히 초탈하지는 못했지만 일생을 융합주의 신념 아래 살았다. 그는 평생에 걸쳐 퇴계학과 남명학을 아우르고 영 남학파와 기호학파를 넘나드는 등 보폭 넓은 활동을 하였으며, 유림을 세력화 하고 대동단결하는 데 힘썼다. 그의 학문 특성은 ‘집약’과 ‘會通’에 있다. 여러 학자들의 학설을 종합한 뒤 자기의 관점에서 다시 체계화하였으며, 연구방법론 에서도 여타의 학자들과는 확연히 비교가 되었다. 곽종석은 전통과 근대 사이에서 가교적 구실을 하였다. 그의 개명적이고 시대 를 앞서가는 안목과 시대인식은 후학들에게 좋은 밑거름이 되었다. 문하에서 배출된 수많은 문인 제자들은 철학․종교․교육․역사학 및 독립운동 여러 방면에서 큰 구실을 하였다. 유학사상에 대한 확고한 신념을 바탕으로, 전통의 근대적 계 승을 위해 신학(서구사조)에 대해서도 폭넓은 이해를 가졌던 곽종석의 학문관, 학문 방법은 후학들에게 계승되었고, 전통 학문의 근대적 계승을 위한 방법을 모색하도록 방향성을 제공하였다.

This study was considered to theoretical establishment. Through European Artistic History Consideration. The paper analysed the characteristic of modern floral art based on the era classification. The environmental floral art has been developed since American started to press the naturalization on 17 century. Based on the styles of cone of Byzantine and S styles of Baroque, the formative floral art has been expended since. To report the expressive floral art, the paper has chosen two different methods. One is external method can classify into the mix and match expression, the natural expression and ethnic expression. Particularly, the classic Georgian and Victoria expression had been a source of the mix and match expression. And the ethnic expression has developed from the old Egyptian which displayed the national character by the three primary colors (red, yellow and blue). The other one is internal expression. The internal expression has divided into the realistic and the abstract expression. The realistic expression has progressed after the Rome era which used the natural material like fresh flower bouquet. The abstract expression is more artificial method in the consideration of color and vagina. The fusion style floral art has developed under the influence of Victorian era which created floral art mixed with the variety of material such as shell, feather, wax and fabric. The effect of floral art has also recognised inc. emotional, decoration, environmental, and educational effect.