The potato production area in Mongolia can be divided into four regions such as central agricultural region, western agricultural region, eastern agricultural region, and gobi agricultural region based on climate and soil conditions. The potato cultivation area increased by over two times for twenty years from 7,806 ha in 1994 to 16,821 ha in 2012. Amounts of potato production also increased by over four times from 53,957 tons in 1994 to 245,935 tons in 2012. The average yield per ha increased by about 8 tons, 15.0 ton/ha in 2012 more than 6.9 tons/ha in 1994. This result is attributed to successful supply of virus-free seed potatoes through the ‘Mongolian Potato Program’ (MPP). The potato import volume decreased dramatically from 35,884 tons in 2008 to under 34 tons in 2013 and the export volume was 3,500 tons in 2013 and 4,800 tons in 2014. Potato breeding program in Mongolia began in the relatively recent years and the important selection criteria were yields, drought tolerance, early maturity, and deep yellow skin and flesh colored variety. The seed potato systems have been improved as follows: traditional clonal selection system(1974-1976), virus free tissue culture system(1988-1990), and MPP seed system( 2004-2008). In the future in Mongolia, combined potato processing facilities are needed for the overproduced potatoes. The official development assistance (ODA) fund being supported for 12 years was stopped along with MPP project termination in 2015, so Mongolia is faced with the difficulty that have to maintain the seed potato system by itself.

양이온(Na+) 및 음이온(Cl-)이 각각의 CEM과 AEM을 통해 선택적으로 분리되어 담수로 이동할 때 발생되는 전위 차와 산화/환원(redox couple)형 전해질을 포함하고 있는 전극에서 발생하는 전류를 이용하여 전기 에너지로 전환시키는 에너 지변환장치이다. RED 시스템의 핵심소재 중 하나인 이온교환막은 높은 출력 밀도를 달성하기 위해 1) 낮은 팽윤거동, 2) 적 절한 이온교환능, 3) 높은 이온전도도, 4) 높은 이온선택성을 만족시켜야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이를 만족시키는 소재 및 이온 교환막의 연구동향 및 전망에 대해 설명하였다.

최근 드론 산업이 급속도로 발전함에 따라 관 련된 법적 문제들이 하나둘씩 드러나고 있다. 특 히 드론을 이용한 범죄수사는 개인의 프라이버시 침해를 야기하므로 기본권 보호를 위한 법적 장치 마련이 시급한 상황이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 항 공법상 드론 관련 규제 및 개인정보보호법상 드론 의 감시와 관련된 프라이버시 보호장치를 살펴보 고 미국의 법제와 국내 법령을 비교 분석하고자 한다. 특히 영장주의와 관련하여 형사소송법상 드 론으로 수집한 정보가 증거능력을 가질 수 있는 요건을 분석해보고 미국 각 주의 입법례를 참고하 여 드론과 관련된 국내 법률의 개선 방안을 모색 해 보고자 한다.

In recent years, high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have provided fascinating opportunities to understand the biology of non-model organisms, especially insect species. The decrease in sequencing costs and extensive sequencing services from NGS providers has brought many entomologists to be involved in genome sequencing. However, poor planning can lead to extremely fragmented genome assemblies which prevents high quality gene annotation and other desired analyses. Insect genomes can be problematic to assemble, due to combinations of high polymorphism, inability to breed for genome homozygosity, and small physical sizes limiting the quantity of DNA able to be isolated from a single individual. Given to the rapid development of host resistance to multiple classes of insecticides, it is indispensable to study the comprehensive genomic information of insects. Recent advances in sequencing technology and assembly strategies can able to fetch breakthroughs in deciphering the genetic information of insects. Here, we present the cost effective high throughput genome sequencing and assembly strategies for insect species in respects to taxonomy, evolutionary history, immune response, drug development, insect host-virus interactions and pest management etc.

1. 호주는 최근 몇 년간 반복된 가뭄과 홍수로 강수량이 불 규칙해지면서 쌀 생산에 차질이 있었으며, 평년의 강수량을 기 록할 경우 호주의 쌀 생산량은 연간 80 ~ 100만톤 정도 될 것 으로 추정된다. 2. 호주의 한국 쌀 수출은 교민시장 위주로 접근하고 있으 나, 현지시장에 진입하려면 가격격차를 줄이는 것이 가장 시 급하다고 판단되며, 일본에서 수출되는 쌀과 비슷한 수준으로 미국이나 호주 쌀에 비해서 우수한 것으로 인정되고 있다. 3. 최근 호주는 일식이 대중화되는 추세에 부응하여 초밥용 쌀 시장을 집중적으로 공략할 필요성이 있다고 판단된다. 4. 호주에서 쌀을 비롯한 우리나라 농산물의 수출이 증가하 고 있으나 그를 취급하는 유통업자가 소규모로 분산되어 있어 규모화가 필요하다고 판단된다. 5. 한국 쌀 수출증대를 위한 개선방안으로 KOTRA, 농수산 식품유통공사 등 현지사무소를 확장하고 우리나라 음식문화와 연계한 마케팅 활동 강화가 요구된다.

생명공학 관련 회사들이 유전자 변형 품종을 적극적으로 개발함으로서 생명공학 관련 시장규모도 급속도로 성장하고 있으며, GM 작물의 재배면적도 매년 빠르게 증가하고 있다.1996년 GM 작물이 처음 재배된 이후 2014년 현재 28개국에서 유전자 변형 작물을 재배하고 있으며, 재배면적도 1996년170만 헥타르에서 100배 이상 증가하여 1억 8,150만 헥타르에재배되고 있어, GM 작물은 근래에 가장 빨리 채택된 육종기술로 인정 받고 있다. 전 세계 GM 작물 재배품종 중 가장많이 재배되고 있는 형질은 제초제 내성이 도입된 품종으로 1억 260만 헥타르에 이르며 전체의 57%에 해당하고, 다음이제초제 내성과 해충 저항성이 함께 형질전환된 품종이 재배되고 있다. 농민이 GM 작물을 재배함으로서 수확량 증가, 농약사용 감소, 농가 수익 증가 등 혜택을 받을 수 있어 매년GM 작물을 재배하는 면적이 증가하고 있으며, 특히 개발도상국에서의 GM 작물의 채택률이 선진국보다 더 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 콩, 옥수수, 면화 등 GM 작물의 급속한 증가에도 불구하고 아직도 작물의 재배로 발생할 수 있는 환경의 영향, 작물의 잡초화, 신종 병해충의 출현 가능성으로 인한 위해성 논란 등 생명공학 안전성에 대한 문제가 끊임 없이 제기되고 있어 GM 작물에 대한 위해성 검증과 안전성에 대한 적극적인연구와 홍보가 요구된다.

Our professors and teachers have been cooperated with professors and researchers of National Sciences Museum of Korea for the project of “Biodiversity of Mongolian” since 2012. This project is to study for Mongolian biodiversity by Mongolian and Korean scientists and to support advanced training for our professionals, to increase capabilities and training new methodologies for students and to publish articles from the conducted research. Our researches conducted following areas such as in Ikh Nart Nature reserve area in 2013, Khan Khentii strictly protected area in 2014, our university’s Shatan research camp in 2014, and Kherlen Toonot Nature reserve area in 2015. From these studies, we published articles of “Biodiversity of Ikh Nart Nature reserve” and “Biodiversity of Shatan area” in Korean journals. Our teachers anticipated for publishing guidebook “Methods to preparing natural taxidermy and herbarium” in Mongolian prepared by Korean scientists to useful for students in laboratory and field. Teachers are visited in National science museum of Korea, such as Mr. J.Ariunbold studied in 2013 and Dr. M.Munkhbaatar visited for 14-30 days to develop samples collected from field research. Our teaching assistant G.Onolragchaa is enrolled as doctoral student for Chunnam University in 2015 according to this project grant. Also Mr. P.Erdenetushig and one student are planning to visit in October for developing collected samples. In 2015, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences is willing to establish “Mongolian and Korean monitoring center”, it’s in compromise of both side, and Mongolian National University of education is prepared a room for this center. Коrean colleague provided USD 10.000 worth of new equipment such as electric motor, boryoscope, tent trap, Sherman trap, aquatic net, sweep net, glass vials and bottles for research and teaching of MNUE. Framework of Mongolian-Korean cooperative research project “Biodiversity of Mongolia” was held a conference topic on “Biological resource management and remote sensing survey” in Ulaanbaatar 2014 and 2015. Our scientists are planning future collaboration with scientists of Korean ocean research institute, Ornithological Society of Korea, Korea Institute of Environmental Ecology. Official cooperative agreement with MNUE To cooperate with teachers of MNUE for maintaining Mongolian Natural History Museum and public education To initiate Korean- Mongolian cooperative non-governmental organization To implement a project for public outreach (forest and animal breeding) To establish long term monitoring site in special protected area Genetic research on problems of plant and animal classification; To train graduate students for modern research methods Genetic study on less studied or rare species of museum specimen Genetic and morphological study on vertebrates Scale up biodiversity study and do monitoring (already done Ikh Nart and Shatan) To extend research projects in Mongolia and do long term monitoring study

During the last century, the overuse of synthetic chemical insecticides led to problems associated with natural environment such as harmful effects on nontarget organisms and development of resistance. Therefore, the application of insect pathogenic microorganisms including Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), baculoviruses, and entomopathogenic fungi has been an environmentally favorable methods for insect control. However, their use has been limited by several factors such as narrow host spectrum and slow speed of insecticidal activities. A number of approaches have been taken to overcome these defects of microbial insecticides. A novel recombinant baculovirus, NeuroBactrus, was constructed to develop an improved baculovirus insecticide with additional beneficial properties, such as a higher insecticidal activity and improved recovery, compared to wild-type baculovirus. For the construction of the NeuroBactrus, the Bt cry1-5 crystal protein gene was introduced into the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) genome by fusion of polyhedrin-cry1-5-polyhedrin under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. In the opposite direction, an insect-specific neurotoxin gene, AaIT, from Androctonus australis was introduced under the control of an early promoter from Cotesia plutellae bracovirus by fusion of a partial fragment of orf603. The Polyhedrin-Cry1-5-Polyhedrin fusion protein expressed by the NeuroBactrus was not only occluded into the polyhedra, but also activated by treatment with trypsin, resulting in an approximately 65-kDa active toxin. The NeuroBactrus showed a high level of insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae and a significant reduction in the median lethal time (LT50) against Spodoptera exigua larvae compared to those of wild-type AcMNPV. Expression of the foreign proteins (Bt toxin and AaIT) was continuously reduced during the serial passage of the NeuroBactrus. These results suggested that the NeuroBactrus could be recovered to wild-type AcMNPV through serial passaging. The cry gene from Bt, encoding the Cry protein, has been recently introduced into crops to generate transgenic plants that are resistant to pest insects. Through the 3D structure prediction and accompanying mutagenesis study for the Mod-Cry1Ac, 7 and 16 amino acid residues from domain I and II, respectively, responsible for its insecticidal activity against larvae of S. exigua and Ostrinia furnacalis were identified. We used site-directed mutagenesis to improve the insecticidal activity of Mod-Cry1Ac, resulted 34 mutant cry genes. These mutant cry genes were expressed, as a polyhedrin fusion form, using a baculovirus expression system. The expressed proteins were 95 kDa and SDS-PAGE analysis of the recombinant polyhedra revealed that expressed Cry proteins was occluded into polyhedra and activated stably to 65 kDa by trypsin. When the insecticidal activities of these mutant Cry proteins against to larvae of P. xylostella, S. exigua and O. furnacalis were assayed, they showed higher or similar insecticidal activity compared to those of Cry1Ac and Cry1C. Especially, Mutant-N16 is considered to have the potential for the efficacious biological insecticide since it showed the highest insecticidal activity.

본 연구는 지금까지 해외 및 국내에서 진행되어온 표준(standards)과 기술혁신 (technological innovation)의 연관성에 대한 연구동향과 주요 연구과제를 파악하고 전망한다. 먼저 표준과 기술혁신의 상호작용에 관한 쟁점을 다루고 혁신단계별 및 혁신유형별로 표준 의 역할과 관련된 쟁점들을 파악한 다음, 거시적 및 제도적 차원에서 표준과 기술혁신의 관 계를 다룬다. 이를 토대로 기술혁신연구 금번 특집호에 실린 표준 관련 논문들을 구분하고 소개한다. 마지막으로 표준과 기술혁신에 대한 향후 연구과제를 전망한다. 아직도 국내에서 표준 및 표준화에 대한 경제적 측면에서의 연구가 매우 미흡한 상황에서 본 연구는 연구동기 를 자극할 뿐만 아니라 앞으로의 연구방향을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

클로알칼리(CA) 멤브레인법은 이온전도성 고분자전해질을 이용한 염수전기분해공정을 의미하며, 전통적으로는 가성소다와 염소 생산을 목적으로 하고 있다. CA 멤브레인법은 기존 클로알칼리 공정으로 사용되어왔던 수은법 및 격막법에 비해 환경적 유해성이 낮으며, 에너지비용을 상당히 감소시킬 수 있다는 장점을 나타낸다. 본 총설에서는 멤브레인법의 기본개념 및 특징, 핵심기술에 관한 내용을 다루고자 한다. 또한 높은 에너지비용을 갖는 염수전기분해에 대한 에너지 절감효과를 달성하기 위한 시스템 집적화기술, 산소탈분극전극 기술과 이종 기술과의 하이브리드를 통한 고도 CA 시스템기술의 예로서의 이산화탄소 직접전환기술에 대해 논할 것이다. 마지막으로, 멤브레인법에 기반한 국내외 CA 기술동향을 소개할 것이다.

Traditional cuisine reflects cooking traditions shaped by political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental conditions characterized by authenticity and uniqueness. Traditional food is not only a part of our cultural heritage but also a knowledge resource. Application of food science and technology in Korean traditional foods was reviewed from six points of view, including food preservation, fermentation, changes in food materials, utilization of food functionality, and packaging and development of cooking appliances. Books from disparate times were chosen in order to cover a wide range of materials from the past to the present. Food preservation and fermentation techniques were applied to various food materials. Combination of science and skills contributes to the accessibility of diverse food materials and better quality foods. Koreans use assorted and resilient plants, which have an abundance of functional substances such as food materials. Among cooking appliances, microwave oven and refrigerator are the most innovative products with huge influences on food eating patterns as well as lifestyle. Packaging effectively reduces post-harvest preservation losses, and better packaging has technical improvements for storage and distribution. Kimchi was chosen as an example in order to study technology from the past to the present. Availability of Kimchi cabbage, enrichment of functional ingredients, identification of useful microbial species, standardization of recipe for commercialization, prevention of texture softening, introduction of salted Kimchi cabbage and Kimchi refrigerators, and packaging were reviewed. The future of traditional foods in the market will be competitive. First, traditional foods market should be maintained to protect the diversity of food materials. Secondly, tailored foods for individuals should be considered using foods with functional properties. Information on health benefits would provide insights into health and traditional food products. Third, speedy transfer of new technology to the traditional food industry is needed to ensure food quality production and new opportunities in the market. Fourth, safety of traditional foods should be ensured without sacrificing the essential characteristics of culturally important foods. Improvement of logistics, distribution, and facility should be carried out. As demand for convenience foods increases, traditional foods should be developed into products.

한국에서 산림생태계의 구조적 변화를 예측하기 위하여, 산림 면적과 임목축적량의 변화와 조림지에서 임상식생구조를 문헌조사에 의하여 파악하였다. 한국의 삼림은 1950년대에 심하게 훼손되었지만, 1970~1980년대에 활발히 조림하여 임목축적량이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만 삼림면적은 5,500 ha 년-1씩 감소하고 있다. 임목축적량 변화에 대한 회귀분석 결과에 의하면 임목축적량을 기준으로 성숙림으로 기대되는 해는 약 2150년으로 예측된다. 현재 일본잎갈나무, 잣나무 및 아까시나무 조림지에는 신갈나무, 물푸레나무, 산벚나무등의 잠재자연식생이 형성되고 있으므로 미래에 이들의 숲이 형성될 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, we recognize that the interest about construction safety and disaster increases, and check the status of current research about construction safety. And we obtain the direction of future researches and implications for development. For this study, we analyzed the published researches in the last 11 years about construction safety, and addressed annual trends and research topics for a lot of construction safety research. And the future prospects of construction safety research were analyzed with the latest news articles.

There are many pros and cons for whether smart glasses and watch would be further going technology or not beyond smart phone. What have to do domestically is to find acting ways to catch up with technological gap in short term basis through analyses and investigations in technological issues, patents profile, market forecast. In this paper, firstly we investigate and review technological issues and form factors of smart glasses and HMD, and secondly analyze technological tendency and identify their core technology and intension from global key player's patents analyses connected with smart glasses, and conclusively suggest technological prospects and it's countermeasures.

본 연구는 지역 농지자원의 효율적인 이용을 위해 경상남도 농경지의 이용구조의 변화요인을 분석하고 전망하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 전체 작물을 쌀, 하계 식량작물류, 하계 채소 및 특용작물류, 과일, 보리쌀, 동계 노지채소류, 동계 시설채소류의 7개 작물 그룹으로 구분하였으며, 이들에 대한 작물별 경작지 배분모형을 개발하여 추정하였다. 추정결과 자체가격과 재배면적 간에는 양의 상관관계가 존재하였으며, 대체가격에 있어서는 하계작물의 경우 쌀과 과일 등 모든 작물간에 경합관계가 존재하고 있으며, 동계작물의 경우, 노지 채소류와 시설채소류간에 경합관계가 뚜렷한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 재배면적의 자체가격과 농업노임에 대한 탄성치도 연도별로 추정하였다. 마지막으로 시나리오 분석 하에 경남지역 작물의 총재배면적은 2010년 15만 9천 ha에서 2020년에는 14만 3천 ha∼15만 3천 ha에 이를 것으로 전망된다. 작물그룹별로 쌀, 기타식량작물류, 보리쌀은 재배면적의 감소가 예상되며, 하계채소․특용작물류, 과일, 동계노지채소류, 동계시설채소류는 재배면적의 정체가 예상된다.