Recording technology, as an alternative technique of reality that can be expected at the same time ensuring the organisms inhabiting space in the existing city was overcrowded, mitigation of heat island phenomenon of the city, saving heating and cooling energy of a building, the Amenity improvement and urban storm water runoff reduction has been noted. In this study, it has been enforced for the purpose to evaluate the performance of the developed product out roofing hybrid recording system made of metal. Experiments for performance evaluation and structure analysis through the computerized analysis has been carried out.

This paper deals with the recent development of GFRP bars by material hybridization (i.e., “hybrid GFRP bars”). This development attempts to improve the low elastic modulus of GFRP bars to be used for reinforced concrete (RC) structures, especially they were built in a corrosive environment (e.g., waterfront structures). The purpose of material hybridization in this study is to increase the elastic modulus of GFRP bar. Steel wires were inserted to GFRP and dispersed over the cross-section. E-glass fibers and unsaturated polyester resins were pultruded. Several types of the hybrid GFRP bars were tested to evaluate the tensile strength. Mechanical behaviour of hybrid GFRP bars was examined as a function two factors: 1) a ratio of steel to GFRP; 2) a diameter of steel wire. The experimental results showed that the elastic modulus of the hybrid GFRP bar was improved by up to 171% by material hybridization. To ensure the long-term durability of the hybrid GFRP bars in waterfront structure applications, the individual and combined effects of environmental conditions on the hybrid GFRP bar itself as well as on the interface between bar and concrete should be also accessed.

Using the Irregular Waves based on Spectrum, the structural analysis of the hybrid substructure for offshore wind turbines is carried out through ANSY ASAS in time domain. The comparison of numerical results between P-M spectrum and JONSWAP spectrum is made to investigate the ultimate structural safety. It is found that the suggested hybrid substructure can be an effective substructure for offshore wind turbines.

This research investigated the effects of adding micro fibers on the direct tensile behavior of ultra-high-performance hybrid-fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPHFRC) at high strain rates. Macro fiber was long smooth fiber (LS, Df=0.3mm, Lf=30mm) and micro fiber was short smooth fiber (SS, Df=0.2mm, Lf=13mm). The volume content of macro fibers was 1.0% and the volume content of micro fibers varied between 0.0 and 1.0%. The addition of micro fibers clearly increased the tensile strength of UHPHFRCs even at high strain rates.

Odor control technology include absorption, adsorption, incineration and biological treatments. But, most of processes have some problems such as secondary organic acids discharge at the final odor treatment facility. In order to solve the problems for effective treatment of organic acids in odor, it is necessary to develop a new type advanced odor control technology. Some of the technology are plasma only process and plasma hybrid process as key process of the advanced technology. In this study, odor removal performance was compared DBD(Dielectric Barrier Discharge)plasma process with PCHP(plasma catalysis hybrid process) by gaseous ammonia, formaldehyde and acetic acid. Plasma only process by acetic acid obtained higher treatment efficiency above 90%, and PCHP reached its efficiency up to 96%. Acetic acid is relatively easy pollutant to control its concentration other than sulfur and nitrogen odor compounds, because it has tendency to react with water quickly. To test of the performance of DBD plasma process by applied voltage, the tests were conducted to find the dependence of experimental conditions of the applied voltage at 13 kV and 15 kV separately. With an applied voltage at 15 kV, the treatment efficiency was achieved to more higher than 13 kV from 83% to 99% on ammonia, formaldehyde and acetic acid. It seems to the odor treatment efficiency depends on the applied voltage, temperature, humidity and chemical bonding of odors.

본 연구에서는 기존 철근콘크리트 건축물의 구조성능 개선을 위하여 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉과 CFRP시트를 사용한 철근콘크리트 보의 구조성능을 평가하기 위하여 실험을 수행하였다. 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉의 사용량, CFRP시트 보강 유무에 따라 총 7개의 실험체를 제작하고 실험을 수행하여 구조성능을 평가하였으며, 본 연구의 실험결과를 근거로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉 보강 실험체 NER 시리즈의 경우, 표준실험체 NBS와 비교하여 12~46% 내력이 증가하였고, 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉과 CFRP시트를 복합 보강한 실험체 NERL 시리즈는 표준실험체 NBS보다 최대내력이 22~77% 증가하였다. 그리고 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉으로 보강된 실험체 NER 시리즈는 부착슬립, 피복분리 형태로 파괴되었으나, 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉과 CFRP시트을 복합 보강한 실험체 NERL 시리즈는 CFRP시트의 연속보강에 따른 콘크리트 구속효과 및 모재와 표면요철 매입형 FRP봉의 부착강도 증가로 인하여 부착슬립의 형태로 파괴되었다.

China now has about 69% advantage of the rice yield as compared with the global average. The planting area was 30 million ha and total yield was 180 million ton in China in every year. Now, the breeding strategy of hybrid rice includes the improving ratio of plant morphological and raising heterosis level and using tools of the molecular biology. Some research was fixed on main index of plant type of hybrid Rice, which had the tall erect-leaf canopy and lower panicle position and bigger panicle size. Methods of raising heterosis level were expressed including exploitation and utilization of various male sterility resources, development of male sterile lines with high grain quality and out-crossing capacity, using wide-compatibility (WC) gene to overcome seed-set problem.

A new hybrid, Cymbidium(C.) ‘Beauty smile’ was developed as new hybrid by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea in 2013. This hybrid came from the progenies crossed between C. ‘2113’(Accession No.) and C. Lucky Rainbow ‘Randevous’ in 2000. Finally, eighty seven seedlings were obtained after planting and acclimatization in green house. In 2007, one line was selected by their performance such as flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigorous growth and named ‘Wongyuo F1-43. The line code 000550-78 had uniformity and excellent characteristics. The selected line after second characteristics test was named as ‘Beauty smile’. This hybrid had bright pink colored petal and lip (RP63D)and large sized flower(diameter 8.3cm). A ‘Beauty smile’ had about 13.3 flowers per flower stalk and medium sized flower and plant. General impression of petals and sepals showed some incurved shape. The attitude of peduncle was half-erect. Bloom was started from middle of November under optimal culture condition.

A new hybrid, Cymbidium(C.) ‘Sunny Bell’ was developed as new hybrid by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea in 2013. This hybrid came from the progenies crossed between C. karan and ebruenum in 2000. Finally, one hundred-one seedlings were obtained after planting and acclimatization in green house. In 2007, one line was selected by their performance such as flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigorous growth and named ‘Wongyuo F1-47. The line code 000390-46 had uniformity and excellent characteristics. The selected line after second characteristics test was named as ‘Sunny Bell’. This hybrid had light purple colored petal and lip (RP59B)and large sized flower(diameter 7.9cm). A ‘Sunny Bell’ had about 7.8 flowers per flower stalk and small sized flower and plant. General impression of petals and sepals showed some incurved shape. The attitude of peduncle was erect. Bloom was started from February under optimal culture condition

청다옥은 다수성 사료용 옥수수 품종 개발을 목표로 2010년에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 자식계통 KS159과 KS155의 교잡으로 육성된 다수성인 단교잡종이다. 청다옥의 종피색은 황색이며 입질은 마치종이다. 2006～2007년까지 생산력검정시험을 거쳐, 2008～2010년까지 3년간 4지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 청다옥의 출사일수는 광평옥보다 1일 빠르고 간장은 광평옥보다 다소 짧고 착수고율은 광평옥보다 낮다. 도복은 광평옥과 비슷한 정도로 강하다. 후기녹체성은 광평옥과 비슷하며 이삭비율은 광평옥과 같다. 깨씨무늬병 저항성은 중정도이고, 그을음무늬병에는 강한 편이다. 검은줄오갈병, 이삭썩음병 및 조명나방 저항성은 중정도를 보인다. 청다옥의 건물수량(20.24 톤/ha)은 광평옥과 비슷하였으며, TDN수량(13.80 톤/ha)도 광평옥과 비슷하였다. 청다옥의 종실수량(8.51 톤/ha)은 장다옥보다 많았다. 4∶1(모본:부본) 재식비율로 동시 파종하여 채종시험한 결과 모본의 출사기와 부본의 화분비산기간이 일치하였으며 채종수량은 1.8 톤/ha이었다. 청다옥은 전국적으로 재배가 가능하다.

본 연구는 정원의 환경과 문화를 융합한 프로그램을 개발하여 중 고등 학생들의 창의적 체험활동에 활용할 수 있도록 프로그램의 지침을 제안하는 연구이다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 문헌 연구를 통해 융복합 프로그램의 목적과 요소를 분석하고 정원의 환경적 요소와 문화적 요소를 통합한 시범적 프로그램을 도출하였다. 또한 도출된 정원 환경과 문화 융합 프로그램을 실행하고 이때 참여한 체험교사 30명을 대상으로 프로그램 요소별 만족의 정도를 조사하였다. 프로그램요소는 환경적 요소, 효과적 요소, 프로그램 내용적 요소로 분류하여 17개의 변수를 도출하고 이들 변수가 프로그램 전체 만족에 미치는 영향에 대하여 통계적 분석을 실시하여 만족에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하였다. 독립변수17개와 종속변수로 1개를 회귀분석을 통해 분석한 결과는, 정원환경과 문화 융합 프로그램에서는 창의성 향상과 사회성증진 효과가 가장 중요한 효과로 나타나고 자연관찰 및 표현프로그램이 가장 만족이 높은 프로그램을 나타났다. 따라서 창의성과 사회성을 위한 대화와 의사소통 방법을 프로그램 지침서에 구체적으로 제시하고 자연과 동화되는 관찰과 표현기법 프로그램을 체험교사가 적용이 용이한 매뉴얼방식으로 제시할 것을 제안한다.

The objective of this study is to develop a FRP Hybrid Bar for concrete structures, especially for marine and waterfront concrete structures. The purposes of hybridization are to increase the elastic modulus of GFRP bar with acceptable tensile strength. In this paper, using E-glass fibers and unsaturated polyester resins and steel wires, the FRP Hybrid Bar samples were pultruded and tested for tensile properties.

In this study, experimental research was carried out to evaluate the structural performance of the reinforced concrete beam hybrid retrofitting with two materials(groove and embedding FRP rod, CFRP sheet) in existing reinforced concrete buildings. Test results showed that the maximum load carrying capacity of retrofitted specimens(NER1, NER1B, NER1L) were increased by 1.11 ~ 1.22 times respectively in comparison with the standard specimen NBS.

In this study, it was developed hybrid fiber reinforced concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag, the industrial wastes, and recycled aggregate. As a result of experiments on improvement of performances of eco-friendly buildings utilizing recycled resources (recycled coarse aggregates and ground granulated blast furnace slag), the following conclusions are drawn. As hybrid fiber(PVA Fiber+ Steel Fiber) was mixed with the concrete in which the replacement was conducted with recycled coarse aggregates and ground granulated blast furnace slag, the structural performance were increased.

Best management practices (BMPs) are a continuous cycle of implementation, monitoring and refinement. Lack of perception on BMPs that are implemented based on the literature impedes the system`s capacity to fulfil its purpose to regulate stormwater volume and peak flows and attenuate pollutants. In this study, a series of monitoring in hybrid multi-functional BMP system was conducted to determine the performance as well as the irregularities during actual storm events. This system was connoted as hybrid wherein it is defined as a technology that integrates and incorporates several functions such as, infiltration, filtration and retention in a single system to overcome spatial constraints. It has two adjacent treatment tanks serving the infiltration and retention functions. The infiltration function of the hybrid BMP aims to treat stormwater runoff for groundwater recharge while the retention function allocates treated water to a subsurface extended detention basin. Moreover, it has an overflow tank adjacent to the retention tank to allow bypass of excess stormwater runoff. Based from the results, TSS is the most removed pollutant parameter for both infiltration and retention followed by the organics and appreciable load reductions were observed in nutrient and heavy metal parameters. Loads discharges at the infiltration and retention function were 68-92% lower compared to inflow loads. It has also been found out that regardless of sudden increase and decrease in loading rates during a storm event, the discharge of most pollutants in the infiltration, retention and overflow continuously decrease with respect to time. However, problems were uncovered during monitoring. It has been identified on the water balance as the rainfall depth increases the water entering the infiltration and retention tank decreases while larger the amount of water was being bypassed to the overflow. Based from the results, it can be recommended to renovate the facility to reduce the water being bypassed out of the system in order to allow more stormwater runoff to pass through the infiltration and retention unit. The results obtained can provide guidelines for this newly developed system and will render valuable information to allow the system top perform at its optimum.

최근 해양시설물용 파력발전시스템은 본래 기능과 연계한 하이브리드 형태로 많은 연구개발이 이루어지고 있다. 이 중 방파제에 설계된 진동 수주형 파력발전시스템의 경우, 기존의 방파제의 기능에 더불어 터빈을 통해 파랑에너지를 전기에너지로 변환하는 발전기능을 갖는다. 이러한 형태의 발전 시스템은 해수를 손실 없이 최대한 많이 유입되도록 하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 유입구 형상에 따른 파 력발전시스템의 출력 특성에 대해 기술하였다. 또한 일반적인 해양 구조물인 방파제에 부착된 진동수주형 웰즈터빈 모델을 시뮬레이션 하여 유입구 곡면 각도에 따라 변화하는 유입량과 해수속도 그리고 그에 따른 웰즈터빈의 출력을 측정하였다. 마지막으로 시뮬레이션 결과를 바탕 으로 하여 에너지 변환 효율을 높이기 위한 유입구 형상을 제안하였다.

‘구슬옥’(수원단55호)은 자식계통 KSE19를 종자친으로 하 고 KSE7를 화분친으로 하여 교잡된 단옥수수 단교잡종으로 Sugary enhancer (se) 인자를 가지고 있어 당도가 높고 옥수 수 립의 색은 흰색과 노란색, 두 가지색을 나타낸다. ‘구슬옥’ 은 2005년 생산력검정시험을 거쳐, 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년 동안 전국 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 그 우수성이 인정되어 2009년 농작물 직무육성 신품종으로 결정 되었다. ‘구슬옥’의 출사일수는 65일로 조생종에 속하며 이삭 길이가 18.0 cm로 대조군인 ‘GCB70’과 비슷하다. ‘구슬옥’ 은 당도가 20.5%로 ‘GCB70’보다 높으며 경도가 낮아 씹힘 성이 부드러우며 전체적 기호도가 우수하였다. ‘구슬옥’은 깨씨무늬병, 조명나방, 도복에 강하였다. ‘구슬옥’의 ha당 이삭 수는 ‘GCB70’보다 많지만 이삭중은 비슷하였다. ‘구슬옥’의 모본 출사기와 부본의 화분 비산기간이 잘 일치하였으며 채 종량은 재식비율 모, 부본 2:1에서 1.39 ton/ha, 3:1에서 1.43 ton/ha이였다.

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structure, as a non-corrosive material, has been extensively investigated by many researchers. However, it has not been practically used as the reinforcement or structural material in civil engineering structures due to its low elastic modulus if glass fibers were used. This study was motivated to overcome this shortcoming of FRP bars to be used for concrete structures. Material hybridization was applied to enhance its elastic modulus. The effect of material hybridization was evaluated by comparing the results of tensile test with those of non-hybrid FRP bars.

This paper is a preliminary study for development of hybrid PSC girder. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed dead anchor system, load transmission performance tests were conducted. Test result, the applicability of proposed dead anchor system was considered possible.

Steel Box-Truss Hybrid bridge consisted with steel box type in positive moment that is allowed to resist with low depth and truss type in negative moment is new type bridge. This can be used as 80m∼150m long span bridge and is economical structural type. But safety of truss type is concerned because of torsion that occurs when Steel Box-Truss Hybrid bridge applies a curved bridge. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate straight and curved bridge for commercialization of Steel Box-Truss Hybrid bridge. In this study, structural analysis of Steel Box-Truss hybrid curved bridge with various curvature is performed and compared with member force and displacement of Steel Box-Truss Hybrid straight bridge. Also the applicable limited curvature of Steel Box-Truss Bridge form is proposed.