PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to develop an optimal placement of the overturning prevention device based on a 3D object model during the development of the girder-type overturning prevention device for the remote control construction of bridges METHODS : Based on existing construction methods and literature research, a detailed design model of a phase-optimized conduction prevention device is presented. The 3D-object model data, optimal placement, and an operating range of the equipment developed for the remote control construction of bridge girders were considered. RESULTS : The shape of the overturning prevention device was selected taking into account the dimensions and operating range of numerous devices developed for the remote control construction of the bridge. In particular, the detachable device was chosen to allow a trouble-free construction considering the spacing between the pier cap of the bridge and the girders. The overturning prevention device presented based on this 3D object model will be manufactured as a mock-up and used for a demonstration project on remote control bridge construction. CONCLUSIONS : This will enable easy and economical construction as this development will support remote control construction of bridge girders to avoid accidents such as workers falling from high places like piers.

As the plan for the nuclear dismantlement due to the permanent shutdown of Kori-1 and Wolseong- 1 nuclear power plants has been concretized, a “movable radionuclide analysis system” is being developed that can quickly and accurately analyze large amounts of radioactive waste generated on the sites during dismantling. This system has various advantages from the perspective of strict regulations on the radioactive waste movement and social acceptability, such as preventing unexpected accidents while moving on the national highway or expressway, reducing various documents and immediate response to dismantling plans. Currently the system is being developed to be equipped with previously developed sample pretreatment and radioactivity measuring equipment and automated volatile and nonvolatile nuclide separation equipments, but to ensure mobile stability, it needs to analyze factors and establish stability standards. In the KS Q ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standard, the requirements for “facilities and environmental conditions” are a very important factor in building reliability for consumers as part of the quality guarantee for this facility. In order to meet the requirements, the technical standards of various test equipment to be installed in this facility were investigated. The physical, chemical, and radiological hazards that could affect the safety of the equipment and workers in the process of moving the equipment between nuclear power plants or between nuclear dismantling sites were derived from vibrations, rapid changes in temperature and humidity, and the spread of contamination from radioactive waste samples. Therefore, the scope of application of the law, which is the basis for securing stability during movement, was classified into two situations: movement from facility manufacturer to installation site (non-contaminated) and movement from primary to secondary use (contaminated). And in order to investigate the Nuclear Safety Act, enforcement ordinances, and radiation safety management, and to establish standards for packaging and transportation of radioactive materials, the results of transportation tests and transport details were compared and analyzed. Finally, the air suspension systems and the automatic temperature and humidity control devices were analyzed to establish standards for securing stability against the vibration and the sharp changes in the temperature and humidity, and countermeasures such as accident measures in accordance with the Enforcement Decree of the Nuclear Safety Act were also investigated.

Deep geological disposal (DGD) of spent nuclear fuels (SNF) at 500 m–1 km depth has been the mainly researched as SNF disposal method, but with the recent drilling technology development, interest in deep borehole disposal (DBD) at 5 km depth is increasing. In DBD, up to 40SNF canisters are disposed of in a borehole with a diameter of about 50 cm, and SNF is disposed of at a depth of 2–5 km underground. DBD has the advantage of minimizing the disposal area and safely isolating highlevel waste from the ecosystem. Recently, due to an increasing necessity of developing an efficient alternative disposal system compared to DGD domestically, technological development for DBD has begun. In this paper, the research status of canister operation technology and plans for DBD demonstration tests, which subjects are being studied in the project of developing a safety-enhancing high-efficiency disposal system, are introduced. The canister operation technology for DBD can be divided into connection device development and operation technology. The developing connection device, emplacing and retrieving canisters in borehole, adopted the concept of a wedge thus making replacement equipment at the surface unnecessary. The new connection device has the advantage of being well applied with emplacement facilities only by simple mechanical operation. The technology of operating a connection device in DBD can be divided into drill pipe, coiled tubing, free-drop, and wireline. The drill pipe is a proven method in the oil industry, but requiring huge surface equipment. The coiled tubing method uses a flexible tube and shares disadvantages as the drill pipe. The free-drop is a convenient method of dropping canister into a borehole, but has a weakness in irretrievability in an accident. Finally, the wireline method can be operational on a small scale using hydraulic cranes, but the number of operated canisters at once is limited. The test facility through which the connection device is to be tested consists of dummy canister, borehole, lifting part, monitoring part, and connecting device. The canister weight is determined according to the emplacement operation unit. The lifting part will be composed following wireline consisting of a crane, a wire and a winding system. The monitoring part will consist of an external monitoring system for hoists and trolleys, and an internal monitoring system for the connection device’s location, pressure, and speed. In this project, a demonstration test will be conducted in a borehole with 1km depth, 10 cm diameter provided by KAERI to verify operation in the actual drilling environment after design improvement of the connecting device. If a problem is found through the demonstration test, the problem will be improved, and an improved connection device will be tested to an extended borehole with a 2 km depth, 40 cm diameter.

Interest in the rammed construction method using eco-friendly materials is increasing in modern architecture. However, the work of construction is not convenient and will require a lot of manpower and time. This study proposes an automation compactor consisting of a compactor frame, crank arm, servo motor, wire, and a compactor hammer. The compactor hammer is fixed on the wire to achieve up-down movement by servo motor. And the state of up-down movement of the proposed compactor in 4 steps was had a dynamic analyzed. Through the actual compression experiment, the reliability of the proposed compactor is verified and is expected to be used in rammed earth construction.

Seoju is one of the nine weeks of the ancient period, and according to literature records, the construction of Seojuseong Fortress has a long history of 2573. This is the land of Oseongtong-gu, a political and military hub, and flood disasters have frequently led to frequent reconstruction of fortresses. In particular, it is also an important place to show that the function of the fortress is defensive and has a function of preventing floods. This study analyzed the shape of Seojuseong Fortress and the characteristics of urban spaces in the Myeongcheong period through excavation data and literature data.

원남과 티베트는 중국 남서 국경 지역에 위치하고, 여러 민족과 종교가 혼재되어 있어 중국정부가 통치하는데 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 또한 국 경선의 길이가 길어 국가의 중요한 방어구역이기도 하다. 하지만 이 지역 에 대한 학계의 관심과 연구는 상대적으로 빈약하다. 이러한 상황에서 본 논문은 이 지역들의 소속민족의 발전 및 건설 그리고 이들 지역의 고토수 비(守土固边)에 대해 연구한다. 문헌연구를 통해 국가안보차원에서 소수 민족 마을에 대한 건설과 고토수비현황에 대해 기초시설, 경제발전, 민생 발전, 생태문명 등 네 가지 분야로 깊이 고찰한 다음, 이를 통해 문제점을 발견하고 해결책과 발전방안을 제시하였다.

예로부터 우리나라는 중국과 정치, 경제, 문화적으로 가장 가까운 관계에 있었으며, 중국어는 늘 중요한 외국어로 인정받고 있었다. 한글 창제 이후 간행된 조선 시대 중국어 역학서는 당시 언어 특징과 생활, 문화상에 대한 풍부한 정보를 담고 있는 寶庫라 할 수 있다. 이들에 대한 연구성과는 상당히 축적되어 있으나 아직도 연구 방법과 연구 환경에 있어서 매우 초보적인 단계에 머물러있어, 스캔한 원본 이미지 혹은 중국어 원문이나 언해문 등의 불완전한 2차 가공물 정도만 웹사이트 상에서 열 람할 수 있다. 이에, 본 연구는 조선 시대 중국어 역학서인 『老乞大諺解』, 『朴通事諺 解』, 『譯語類解』, 『五倫全備諺解』, 『譯語類解補』, 『朴通事新釋諺解』, 『重刊老乞大諺解 』, 『華音啓蒙諺解』, 『華語類抄』와 중국어 원문만으로 이루어진 『老乞大』, 『朴通事新 釋』의 총 11종 역학서 및 동일한 서명의 다른 판본 총 31개의 서적을 대상으로 규장 각한국학연구원 웹사이트에서 아직 제공하지 않는 원문과 번역문에 대한 데이터를 TSV(Tab Separated Values)와 XML(eXtensible Markup Language) 형식으로 구축하였다. 본 연구는 조선 시대 중국어 역학서에 대한 원문과 번역문을 총망라한 최초 의 연구성과이다. 이를 통해 대중에게 국학 자료에 대한 관심을 제고하고, 연구자들 에게 더 나은 연구 환경을 제공하며, 한국어, 중국어학 및 문화사 등의 교육 및 연구 에 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 여러 관련 데이터베이스를 연계하여 동아시아 지 역의 교류에 대한 사회사적, 문화사적 연구의 발판이 되어줄 것이다.

본 연구는 아파트 단지에 식재된 조경수의 시계열 변화를 파악하고 조경수 중 소나무의 수요를 예측하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2003년부터 2020년까지 수도권의 아파트 단지에 사용된 수목의 종수는 평균 51종이며 2000년대 중후반에 비하여 2010년대 후반에는 다양한 종류의 수목이 사용되었다. 식재 수량은 평균 149,567주/1단지이며 시계열 변화가 두드러지지 않는다. 상록수와 낙엽수의 수종 비율은 2:8 이지만 식재된 수량은 3.5:6.5의 비율이었다. 상록수는 낙엽수에 비하여 한 수종의 식재량이 많은 반면에 낙엽수는 상록수에 비하여 상대적으로 다양한 수종이 식재되고 있다. 교목과 관목의 수종 비율은 6:4이지만 식재량은 관목 97.6%로 식재량에 비해 식재된 수목의 종류는 다양하지 않다. 조경수 중에서도 선호도와 이용가치가 높은 소나무의 식재현황을 분석하면 식재 수량은 증가하는 경향이며 특히, 근원직경이 큰 소나무의 식재 비율이 증가하고 있다. 아파트 단지의 소나무 식재수요를 예측하면 식재량은 지속적으로 증가할 것이며 특히 근원직경 40㎝ 이상의 특수목의 수요가 증가할 것이다. 이러한 조경수의 수요변화에 대응하여 다양한 식물소재를 발굴하고 생산할 수 있는 전략이 요구된다. 특히 지속적으로 소나무의 대형화가 예측되므로 시장에서 요구하는 수형과 규격을 갖춘 소나무가 적기에 공급될 수 있도록 생산관리가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

The construction period of the ondol (Korean floor heating system) at Hoeamsa Temple Site is known as Joseon. The main reason is that a large number of remains in the Joseon era were excavated from the ondol floor with an all-around ondol method. This article partially accepts the theory of the creation of Ondol at Hoeamsa Temple Site during the Joseon Dynasty and suggests a new argument that some Ondol remains were built during the Goryeo Dynasty. The grounds for them are as follows. First, through the building sites consistent with the arrangement of the Cheonbosan Hoeamsa Sujogi (天寶山檜 巖寺修造記, Record of Repair and Construction of Hoeamsa at Cheonbosan Mountain), it is highly likely that the ondol remains as a basic floor was maintained during the reconstruction period in Goryeo. Second, the all-around ondol method of the Monastery Site has already been widely used since the Goryeo Dynasty. Third, some ondol remains consist of "Mingaejari" and "Dunbeonggaejari," which were the methods of the gaejari (which dug deeper and stayed in the smoke) in the pre-Joseon Dynasty. Based on the above evidence, this study argues that the building sites such as Dongbangjangji, Seobangjangji, Ipsilyoji, Sijaeyoji, Susewaryoji, Seogiyoji, Seoseungdangji, Jijangryoji, and Hyanghwaryoji were constructed during the late Goryeo Dynasty.

This study tries to shed light on character and architectural features of the 2nd construction of Bunhwangsa temple in the mid-8th century. The site of Bunhwangsa Temple is divided into upper and lower areas based on retaining walls running from northwest to southeast, and the main area of the temple centered on Geumdang(the main hall) is located in the upper area. Space composition of the lower area including Wonji(a garden pond) and Gangdang(a lecture hall), is noteworthy in that Bunhwangsa Temple was constructed in a deviating way from rigorous constructional disciplines and used their space efficiently. The Geumdang in the 2nd construction was the largest worship hall with 7×6 bays. The hall was designed to divide its space into two ; the core space was surrounded by outer space. Each gap between columns in the hall was narrowed from center to outer. The main construction of the Geumdang was built as a stable structure with lead-to corridors. This was a much-advanced style than Geumdang at Hwangnyongsa Temple. The Gangdang is presumed to be a large building site as a typical Gangdang style in the Silla era. It was built in the late 9th century and was located in the northern part of the retaining walls. The composition of the middle gate and southern corridors were in double and long corridor style and they were located in front of the 2nd construction. This style coincided in the form of the architectural style of the Hwangnongsa Temple. The 2nd construction of the Bunhwangsa Temple was smaller than the Hwangnongsa Temple. However, it was a prestigious architecture.