하나님은 모든 인간이 구원받기를 원하신다. 그러나 모든 인간이 구원을 받지는 못한다. 왜냐하면, 성령은 인간이 그리스도 안에 있을 때, 회복과 갱신을 통한 구원의 효력을 나타내기 때문이다. 그러므로 믿음의 행위는 고백이나 열정, 그리고 감성의 산물로 이해될 수 없으며, 누구든지 하나님과 사귐이 있다면 반드시 그리스도 안에서 성령을 통하여 나타난다. 하나님과 인간의 사귐이 그리스도 안에서 성령을 통하여 나타난다는 것은 성령을 기능적으로 이해하려는 의도가 아니며, 하나님의 영적 존재를 부각하는 선교신학의 새로운 패러다임이다. 그리스도 안에서 성령을 통한 이론은 영이신 하나님이 인간 에너지의 원천이라는 사실을 확고하게 한다. 그러므로 거듭난 인간은 하나님의 의지에 따라 창조목적 안에서 샬롬을 실천하는 능력을 행사하게 된다. 결론적으로 성령은 인간이 그리스도 안에서 지혜를 얻으며, 사랑 안에 서 연약한 자들과 함께하고 모든 사람들과 화목하게 한다.

This study evaluates the analytical performance of a newly developed miniaturized disposable U-tube for an automated blood viscometer and compares it to conventional viscometers. Whole blood viscosity (WBV), essential for circulatory function, exhibits non-Newtonian behavior, posing challenges for measurement at low shear rates. The blood viscometer, based on a scanning capillary tube method, used disposable U-tubes to measure viscosities across a shear rate range of 1s⁻¹ to 1,000s⁻¹. Precision evaluation showed stable coefficients of variation (CV) across different viscosity levels. Repeatability assessment indicated consistent CV values, demonstrating the reliability of the device. The agreement with the LV-III Brookfield viscometer and MCR 92 Rheometer was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots, which revealed minor systematic biases and consistent differences across the measurement range. Correlation analysis using Passing-Bablok regression showed high correlation coefficients (R > 0.96) with regression slopes close to 1. The newly developed miniaturized disposable U-tube exhibits excellent precision, reliable repeatability, and high correlation with established methods, enhancing laboratory productivity and offering potential for clinical applications. Further studies with human blood samples are recommended to confirm its clinical applicability.

본 연구는 지카바이러스, 메르스, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) 등의 감염병 방역 및 의료현장에서 사용할 수 있는 의료용 공기정화호흡기(powered air purifying respirators, PAPR)의 항균성 보호복의 후드와 필터를 개발하였다. PAPR은 전동팬 본체 및 필터, 배터리팩, 후드로 구성되며 보호복의 후드 소재는 뛰어난 흡습성, 풍압, 외부충격을 견딜 수 있는 폴리프로필렌 슐폰레이스(spunlace) 부직포 직물(SFS)을 사용하였다. 사용자의 감염위험을 낮추기 위해 후드의 외피에는 피톤치드계 물질을 사용하여 99.9%의 안티-박테리얼(antibacterial) 효과를 얻었으며 내피에는 친수가공을 하여 흡수성을 25% 향상시켰다. 의료용 보호복 후드에 필요한 인공혈액 침투저항성, 건조미생물 침투저항성, 습식세균 침투저항성, 그리고 박테 리오파아지 침투저항성을 평가한 결과 2~6 단계의 합격평가를 받았다. 한편, 항균 처리된 슐폰레이스(spunlace filter, SF) 헤 파 필터(high efficiency particulate air, HEPA)의 성능을 평가한 결과 우수한 항균성, 분진제거율, 차압 효과를 확인하였다.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key component in the biogeochemical cycling in freshwater ecosystem. However, it has been rarely explored, particularly complex river watershed dominated by natural and anthropogenic sources, such as various effluent facility and livestock. The current research developed a new analytical method for TOC/TN (Total Organic Carbon/Total Nitrogen) stable isotope ratio, and distinguish DOM source using stable isotope value (δ13C-DOC) and spectroscopic indices (fluorescence index [FI] and biological index [BIX]). The TOC/TN-IR/MS analytical system was optimized and precision and accuracy were secured using two international standards (IAEA-600 Caffein, IAEA-CH-6 Sucrose). As a result of controlling the instrumental conditions to enable TOC stable isotope analysis even in low-concentration environmental samples (<1 mgC L-1), the minimum detection limit was improved. The 12 potential DOM source were collected from watershed, which includes top-soils, groundwater, plant group (fallen leaves, riparian plants, suspended algae) and effluent group (pig and cow livestock, agricultural land, urban, industry facility, swine facility and wastewater treatment facilities). As a result of comparing characteristics between 12 sources using spectroscopic indices and δ13C-DOC values, it were divided into four groups according to their characteristics as a respective DOM sources. The current study established the TOC/TN stable isotope analyses system for the first time in Korea, and found that spectroscopic indices and δ13C-DOC are very useful tool to trace the origin of organic matter in the aquatic environments through library database.

The sampling test module of the existing AMC Monitoring System is constructed using tubes and fittings, so there has been a problem with molecular contaminants remaining in the system. This study demonstrated how a new manifold-type sampling test module without connecting tubes and fittings, and with super-hydrophobic coating improves residual molecular contaminants in the AMC Monitoring System through CDA purge when molecular contamination occurs in a clean room with a Semiconductor Fabrication.

A spiral flow path was applied to solve the problem of the existing straight flow path in the leveling shaft, a key component of the self-levelizer that can maintain the height according to the change in payload in EV, SUV. In this study, flow analysis was performed to check the velocity, pressure drop, and flow direction of oil according to the main operating conditions of the leveling shaft with a spiral flow path. As a result of the study, a leveling shaft with a spiral flow path is likely to improve fluid properties around the orifice and inlet valve under compression conditions, and it is judged to have a development application effect.

This study deals with improvement plans and application results to improve the safety of secondary batteries and chargers applied to Tactical Multi-band Multi-role Radio(TMMR), a new military communication equipment. Due to the nature of the portable weapon system, the terminal structure and manufacturing process of the battery and charger were improved to strengthen resistance to vibration and shock generated during movement, and the battery structure was partially changed to secure resistance to mechanical shock generated when the charger was coupled. In addition, retrospective application was completed for all secondary batteries and chargers previously delivered for TMMR, helping the Korean military to operate next-generation radios in a safer environment.

PURPOSES : In this study, a method for improving roadside barrier performance by introducing additional reinforcing materials without dismantling or drilling the old underperforming roadside barrier is developed based on the Installation and Management Guide for Roadside Safety Feature. METHODS : Reinforcing roadside barriers comprising reinforcement rails, impact absorbers, blockouts, and support reinforcement plates attached to an old underperformance roadside barrier were designed and manufactured. The manufactured prototypes were subjected to a vehicle crash test to verify their performance. RESULTS : In a structure whose performance is measurable after it collides with a large truck, the minimum strength of the structure to withstand the collision is maintained. Additionally, the safety of passengers measured via the collision test of a small vehicle is excellent. Hence, the reinforcement plan for the old underperforming roadside barrier satisfies all the performance evaluation standards. CONCLUSIONS : The cost of the improvement technology specifications proposed herein is approximately 50% lower than that of a SB3 level roadside barrier. The proposed method for improving the old underperforming roadside barrier is expected to be widely applied as it can be applied conveniently to road sites.

For the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR), a V2O5WO3/TiO2 (VW/nTi) catalyst was prepared using V2O5 and WO3 on a nanodispersed TiO2 (nTi) support by simple impregnation process. The nTi support was dispersed for 0~3 hrs under controlled bead-milling in ethanol. The average particle size (D50) of nTi was reduced from 582 nm to 93 nm depending on the milling time. The NOx activity of these catalysts with maximum temperature shift was influenced by the dispersion of the TiO2. For the V0.5W2/nTi-0h catalyst, prepared with 582 nm nTi-0h before milling, the decomposition temperature with over 94 % NOx conversion had a narrow temperature window, within the range of 365-391 °C. Similarly, the V0.5W2/nTi-2h catalyst, prepared with 107 nm nTi-2h bead-milled for 2hrs, showed a broad temperature window in the range of 358~450 °C. However, the V0.5W2/Ti catalyst (D50 = 2.4 μm, aqueous, without milling) was observed at 325-385 °C. Our results could pave the way for the production of effective NOx decomposition catalysts with a higher temperature range. This approach is also better at facilitating the dispersion on the support material. NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, FT-IR, and XPS were used to investigate the role of nTi in the DeNOx catalyst.

사주명리학 이론 중에 용신이론(用神理論)은 몸의 정신에 비유할 정도로 운 명을 추론(推論)하기 위한 가장 핵심이론이다. 용신(用神)은 일간(日干)의 역량 을 저울질하여 음양의 균형을 맞추고 오행의 구성과 조화를 기준으로 구(求) 한다. 이러한 용신(用神)의 종류와 취용법은 다양하다. 대표적 사주명리서 중에서 滴天髓는 중화사상을 근본으로 억부, 통관, 조 후, 병약용신을 취용하며, 또한 강한 기세를 따르는 종화론(從化論)을 원칙으 로 취한다. 子平眞詮은 격국에서 취하는 격국용신을 쓰며 순용용신과 역용 용신을 취한다. 窮通寶鑑은 십간을 12월에 배치하여 주용신과 보좌용신을 두며, 전체적으로 조후용신을 기반으로 하지만, 오행의 기능적 용신(用神)역할 이 스며들어 있다.窮通寶鑑 <희용제요>와 본문의 내용이 일치하지 않는 15개 부분 중 가을 甲木과 1월 庚金의 용신을 계절의 관점과 오행의 관점에서 체(體)와 용(用)으로 비교하고, 원문 검증하여 고정(固定)하였다. 비교 검토한 결과 窮通寶鑑은 조 후론을 기반으로 표현하지만, 철저한 오행의 상호기능적 관점이다. 계절의 관점 으로 본다면 가을의 甲木은 추수하는 계절에 결실이 목적이니 庚金을 우선한 다. 그러나 용신의 기능적 관점으로 보면 甲木을 보호하기 위하여, 먼저 丁火를 주용신으로 취하여 예리하게 제련된 庚金으로 수삭(修削)해야 한다. 窮通寶鑑의 용신(用神)은 오행의 역할에 따라 용신(用神)을 구(求)하고 그 용신(用神)은 세트로 짝을 지어 기능적 작용을 한다. 전체의 균형과 안정을 위 하여 필요한 각각의 기능을 상호의존적으로 수행하는 파슨스의 구조기능론과 부합된다. 즉, 甲木이 丁火로 인화(引火)하고, 인화(引火)된 丁火가 庚金을 제 련하고 제련된 庚金이 甲木을 벽갑(劈甲)하여 결실을 얻는다. 木生火, 火剋金, 金剋木의 생극제화 과정이다. 丁⋅庚⋅甲이 세트로 짝을 지어 임무를 수행하 는 상호기능적 관점의 용신(用神)특징을 갖고 있다.