본고에서는 한국어와 중국어 이중주어문에서 문장의 어순, 의미, 통사 그리고 서술 어의 ‘거리도상성(距離象似性)’ 등 몇 가지 방면을 모두 고려해야 주어와 화제를 잘 파악할 수 있다고 보았다. 주어와 화제에 관한 논쟁이 많이 일어나는 문장 유형 중, 성상형용사 구문, 소유-소재형용사 구문, 심리형용사 구문을 중심으로 검토하였는데, 화제는 독립된 통사 성분이 아니지만 통사 층위에서 실제적인 문법 특징을 가지고 있으며 어떤 성분이 화제 특징 [+TOP]을 가지게 하는 기능 용법인 것이다. 소위 한 국어의 이중주어문이라 하는 구문을 복문이 아니라 단문으로 분석해 내었다.

이 글은 중국어 평가와 교육의 변화에 주목하면서 HSK 교과교육에서 다루어야 할 교육내용을 파악하기 위한 목적으로,『新HSK大綱(2015)』의 ‘話題大綱’을 기준 삼아 新HSK 5급 기출문제의 화제 범주를 분석하고 출제의 경향성을 고찰한 것이다. 먼저, 교육기준인『國際大綱 (2014)』의 ‘漢語敎學話題’와 평가기준인『新HSK大綱(2015)』의 ‘話題大綱’을 비교하고『新HSK大 綱(2015)』의 ‘話題’가 등급별로 범주와 항목이 체계적으로 확정되어 있음을 살펴보았다. 다음으로, 2012년과 2014년 기출문제의 화제 범주를 분석하여 新HSK 5급의 화제 범주는 사회생활을 체험해야 하는 학습자의 상황을 전제로 한 내용들이고 일상생활이 가장 높은 분포율을 보였음을 파악하였다. 마지막으로, 新HSK 5급 기출문제의 화제 범주와 항목 내용을 중심으 로 新HSK 5급의 출제 경향을 논의하였다. 일상생활, 과학기술, 자연, 경제 범주의 문제는 주로 현실을 반영하고 있고, 문학예술, 체험적 깨달음, 일과직업, 문화, 교육 범주의 문제는 주로 사회적 가치를 판단하고 있음을 밝혔다. 분포율에 근거할 때, 현실을 반영하는 문제가 가치를 판단하는 문제보다 비중이 높았음을 고찰하였다.

最近对话题进行语法分析，而话题分析仍然以话语语用范畴为纲。这主要是与话题所表现的主观性密切关系的。所以本文脱离以往的由命题为中心的意义分析，去考察在句子意义中的「主观性」。其实，这个‘主观性’可以说属于已往语法研究中的语气范畴，本来语气围绕着整个句子而表现出来的。不过，我认为语气意义是一种主观意义，应该从句子成分或者语法成分当中存在着其起作用的因素。例如汉语的句首成分可以说是一种说话者心理的直接渗透的地方。原来副词在句首从当状语一般称为语气副词，这就是和主观性表现有关的。话题的‘句首性’也可以表现主观性，所以话题化也是一种主观化的表现形式。 因而一般独立句子而存在的句首成分可以归纳为话题化的结晶体。汉语中可以充当话题功能的都在句首成分，可把大主语、句首状语、插入语和一些条件性的词语等归纳为话题。已往的研究从客观的角度考察了话题所表达的句法功能和意义，所以忽略了话题所表现的主观性。因此在话题的研究中句法功能以外，还考虑主观性意义，这样才可能正确分析话题结构。

Hong, Minpyo. 2004. A Contrastive Analysis of Selections of and Responses to Conversation Topics at the First Meeting: A Case Study of Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and Australian University Students. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(2). This paper conducts a contrastive analysis of dialogue topics and responses to the topics at the first meeting based on the data produced by Koreans, Japanese, Chinese, and Australians. The main research interest of this study lies in variation observed across nationality and gender. When the conversation topic at the first meeting was about entertainers, less than 20% of the respondents of the four countries reported uneasiness. More than 20% of the respondents showed discomfort regarding the topics of ideal opposite-sex type, one's phone number, or one's boy- or girl-friends. Concerning drinking capacity, most of Korean and Japanese female respondents reported uneasiness. Women of all countries felt discomfort about the topic of one's height. Korean and Japanese students overwhelmingly felt uneasy about topics of personality or future goals, but Chinese did not. Only Chinese showed discomfort about the topic of the residence place. Looking at gender variation, remarkable differences were observed in the Japanese and Australian data, but no differences were found from Koreans or Chinese. When people were asked what they wanted to know at the first meeting with a person of the opposite-sex, people from all countries preferred to know his/her name. People from Korea and China wanted to know his/her age; Japanese wanted to know where s/he was from; Australians wanted to know his/her hobbies. Koreans also liked to know his/her place of residence, but Chinese and Japanese also wanted to know about his/her hobbies.

초록 (Abstract) Antithiamin activities of BHA, BHT, PG and TBHQ of synthetic antioxidants on the effect of temperature and pH was determined by means of HPLC. The influence of synthetic antioxidants on the degradation of thiamin was found to be dependent on temperature and pH. The degradation of thiamin was considerably more rapid at pH 7 than pH 4. The influence on the heat of synthetic antioxidants at pH 4 and 38℃ was extremely slight, but the degradation of thiamin at pH 7 was much more rapid at 60℃ than at 38℃. After 24 hours of incubation both PG and TBHQ at pH 7 and 60℃ nearly completely destroyed thiamin. Tests of antithiamin activities showed that TBHQ, which was decomposed completely in 72 hours, was more effective than PG at pH 7 and 38℃, but BHA and BHT hardly had antithiamin activities which was evaluated under various reactions of pH and temperature. Thiamin degradation, at pH 7 and 60℃, was proportional to the concentration of PG. When the ratio of PG to thiamin was increased from 0.15:1 to 2:1, the degradation rate also increased. However, the change between ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 was negligible

This study was done to evaluate the effects of various gelling agents on textural properties of omija pyon. As a gelling agent, mungbean starch had been used in traditional omija pyon. In this experiment, gelatin and pectin were also tried for better texture. The results of this study were as follows; 1) One percent pectin addition showed desirable textural properties in both starch and gelatin jelly. 2) No significant effect on rheological values was found according to various sugar concentration(10, 15, 20%). 3) There was a saving effect of sugar concentration when adding 1% pectin to starch jelly, comparing textual properties as sensory scores.

PALFAZE is one of ZE. ZE is One of the Chinese Sause. Especially PALFAZE is made from eight materials and used for the slices raw fish or raw meat. At first ZE was made from pickled vegitables that minced, or added vineger, some spices. But later when the garic-growing was spreaded it was changed to be made from minced garic, ginger mixed in vineger or added some spices, starch. Especially PALFAZE is made from garic, ginger, salt, vineger, mamanufactured plum, dried orange rind, boild chestnut, boiled rice.

Palm Oil Fuel Ash(POFA), Agricultural by-product, has been studied in especially ASEAN countries. However studies about effects of superplasticizers on early compressive strength of concrete with POFA are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, the effects of superplasticizers were evaluated in terms of compressive strength.

To produce high quality watermelon, three tetraploid watermelon breeding lines (‘SA03-1’, ‘SA06-1’ and ‘SB01-1’) were developed by treatment with different chromosome doubling reagents. To identify the optimal tetraploid inductive conditions, the three watermelon breeding lines were selected by counting the number of doubled chloroplasts in guard cells. Tetraploid induction rates differed depending on the genotypes and treatment with doubling reagents. However, the highest induction rate occurred with 1.0% colchicine (82.2%). These putative tetraploid lines were re-confirmed for ploidy using flow cytometric analysis and chromosome counting. The internode length of the tetraploid breeding lines was different when the leaf size was larger in all three tetraploid lines compared to their diploids. The fruit weight of the tetraploid fruits for ‘SA03-1’ and ‘SB01-1’ was lower than for their diploid, and the rind thickness and total sugar content (°Brix) of tetraploid SB01-1 were significantly different from those of its diploid. Tetraploid lines were sterile, yielded a lower number of seeds per fruit for ‘SA03-1’ (21), ‘SA06-1’ (62), and ‘SB01-1’ (34.7), and the seeds were larger and thicker than those of their diploids. These tetraploid breeding results will be useful for breeding new seedless watermelon cultivars.

백합나무의 건전 순화묘 생산을 위해 체세포배 유래 발아체를 여러 종류의 항산화제로 전처리 후 토양이식 한 결과 500mg/L Citric acid 처리구에서 가장 높은 87.9%의 순화묘 생존율을 보였으며, 그 외 처리구에서는 대조구 (수돗물)보다 다소 높거나 낮은 현상을 보여 별 생존율 차이가 없었다. 묘고 생장의 경우 500mg/L Citric acid를 처리한 처리구에서 44.5cm를 보여 가장 높았으며, 근원경 비교의 경우에서도 마찬가지로 500mg/L Citric acid를 처리한 처리구에서 4.38mm를 보여 가장 높았다. 그러나 엽면적의 경우 수돗물 처리구 유래 순화묘가 66.03cm2으로 가장 높게 나타났으나 생중량 비교에서는 500mg/L Citric acid 유래 처리구에서 8.79g으로 가장 높게 나타났다.

Lee, Bok-hee. 1999. Focus, Topic and Activated Propositions in Information Qnestions. Studies in Modern Grammar 17, 141-161. This study discusses the formal and pragmatic principles which govern the placement of sentence accent in English and Korean information question from the perspective of information packaging. I distinguish three kinds of pragmatic presupposition, which correspond to different kinds of assumptions a speaker may have concerning the addressee`s state of mind at the time of an utterance. All three are lexicogrammatically coded in sentence structure. The distinctions among these three presupposition types will play a crucial role in the argument presented in this paper.

Chung, Moo-joo, 1999. The Topicality of Prenominal Possessive Constructions. Studies in Modern Grammar 16, 101-117. This study was written to investigate the properties of the prenominal possessives with reference to Lagacker`s reference point analysis. On the reference point analysis, the prenominal possessive constructions invite the addressee to first evoke the possessor entity, which is introduced to serve as a reference point entity for the subsequent identification of the target entity, denoted by the possesses. That is, the possessor is invoked to facilitate the identification of the possesses, so the possessor needs to be more easily accessible, and to show higher topicality, than the possesses. There are, I suggest, two factors that are likely to render a concept cognitively accessible. In the first place, a concept is rendered accessible by the discourse context in which it occurs. This was referred to as givenness. Second, certain concepts, by their very nature, are inherently more accessible than other concepts, irrespective of discourse context. This aspect was referred to as humanness. The givenness and humanness of possessor nominals were confirmed in a quantitative study. The following conclusions were drawn concerning possessor nominals. a) Possessor nominals refer to entities mentioned in recently preceding text. b) Discourse topics tend to be amongst the preferred referents of possessor nominals. c) Possessor nominals are overwhelmingly definite. d) Pronominal forms are frequent. e) Human possessors serve as a reference point for inanimate possessees.