PALFAZE is one of ZE. ZE is One of the Chinese Sause. Especially PALFAZE is made from eight materials and used for the slices raw fish or raw meat. At first ZE was made from pickled vegitables that minced, or added vineger, some spices. But later when the garic-growing was spreaded it was changed to be made from minced garic, ginger mixed in vineger or added some spices, starch. Especially PALFAZE is made from garic, ginger, salt, vineger, mamanufactured plum, dried orange rind, boild chestnut, boiled rice.
This is a study about Jangs presented in the Cheminyosul. Scattered yeast and purified salts are used as ingredients of Jangs. Hwangeui, Hwangjeung and Eol are scattered yeast, and Sangmanyom, Hwayom and Inyom are purified salts. According to their main ingredient, Jang can be classified Kokjang, Yukjang and Eojang. Kokjang was made from soybean and/or wheat, Yukjang made from meat, and Eojang made from fish and crustacea. Eojang is similar to Korean fish sauce, Jeot. Three kinds of Kokjang, four kinds of Yukjang and seven kinds of Eojang are described in the Cheminyosul. Generally, Jangs were fermented and ripened for one day to one hundred days. Also, most of Jangs were made in cold season except Keonjeeojang and Janghae.
We have studies fatty acid composition of water extracts of parts of omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) and antioxidant activities of fractionated omija parts (fruits, endocarps, seeds) were determined by DPPH methods and by in vitro hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation system. Fatty acid composition was not different by parts of omija and major fatty acids are linoleic, oleic, and palimitic acids, among fatty acids is water extracts of parts of omija, linoleic acid was highest in content. Methanol and buthanol fractions of seeds and ethyl acetate fraction of endocarps showed stronger antioxidant activities by DPPH methods. Methanol and buthanol fractions of seeds also showed on inhibitory effect on in vitro liver microsomal lipid peroxidation.
This study was conducted to research on the observing state of Korean traditional holidays and the traditional foods related to those days through the questionnaires completed by 578 housewives who live in Kangreung, Daejeon, Jeonju, and Daegu area. For data processing, SAS program was employed, and all data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, and 2-square. The results are as follows; 1. In observing the traditional holidays, more than 90% of housewives who answered the inquiry keep up SEOLNAL, DAEBOREUM, and CHUSEOK, whithout regarding regions. There are larger number of people who keep up IPCHUN, JUNGWHAJEAL, and DANOH in Kangreung and SAMBOK in Daegu than that of other regions (p〈.001). Compared to general circumstances, CHOPAIL is more commonly celebrated by older class as well as lower educated class (p〈.001) Also, the consequence shows that Buddhists observe IPCHUN, SAMJITANL, CHOPAIL, DANOH, SAMBOK, and DONGJI more commonly compared with other classes (p〈.001), IPCHUN, SAMJITNAL, (p〈.01). DAEBOREUM, YUDU, SAMBOK, JUNGYANGJEOL, OHIL, and DONGJI (p〈.001) are celebrated more generally among extended. 2. On inheritance of the traditional holidays, most of the housewives answered that the SEOLNAL, DAEBOREUM, CHUSSEOK, and DONGJI are to be inherited. Compared to general circumstance CHOPAIL is suggested to be inherited by older people (p〈.001). The IPCHUN, CHOPAIL, SAMBOK (p〈.001), and DANCH (p〈.01) are suggested by Buddhists that YUDU and SAMBOK are by nuclear. 3. In preparaing festive foods, DEOKGUK on SEOLNAL, OHKOKBAP and MUKEUNNAMUL on DAEBOREUM, SONGPYEON and GATEUNNAMUL on CHUSEOK, and PATJUK on DONGJI are being made very generally. KANGJEONG on SEOLNAL, BUREUM on DAEBOREUM, KALGUKSU and SAMGYAETANG on SAMBOK, DARKJIM on CHUSEOK, SUJEONGGWA and DONGCHIMI on DONGJI appeared comparatively high rated of making. 4. In normal times, DEOKGUK, MANDU, INJEOLMI, SIKHYAE, SUJEEONGGWA, PYEONYUK, JEONYUEO, SIRUDDEOK, BOKSSAM, MUKEUNNAMUL, SONGPYUN, MINARINAMUL, YUKGAEJANGGUK, KALGUKSU, SAMGYAETANG, HOBAKJIJIM, TORANTANG, GATEUNNAMUL, NUREUMJEOK, DAKJIM, KALBIJIM, PATJJUK, and DONGCHIMI is usully made. 5. The source to learn about traditional foods is mostly by her mother and the rest orders are husband's mother, cooking books, mass media (including T.V), school education, and cooking instituse, etc.
본 연구에서는 부페식당 이용자의 식생활 태도를 알아보기 위해 설문조사를 실시하였는데 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 조사대상자의 일반환경 조사대상자의 연령은 6세부터 70세까지로 20대, 30대, 40대가 주를 이루었고, 여자가 65.1%로 여성들이 많이 찾는 조사대상 부페식당의 특색을 보였다. 직업은 가정주부가 27.2%, 사무직이 19.3%, 전문직이 17.3%였고, 학생이 30.3%였다. 2) 평소 부페음식에 대한 견해에 관한 조사 평소 부페식당 이용이 '한 주에 1~2회'가 1.6%, '한 달에 1~2회'가 13.7%, '서너달에 1~2회'가 43.9%, '일년에 1~2회'가 36.9%, '처음'이 2.7%였다. 대상자들은 부페음식에 대해 음식의 가지수가 많고 마음대로 선택할 수 있고 음식의 모양, 진열 및 정갈함, 많이 먹을 수 있는 점 등에 대해서는 좋다고 생각하는 반면, 음식을 가지러 왔다 갔다 하는 점, 가격 등에 대해서는 부정적인 반응을 보였다. 3) 부페식당에서의 식사행동 부페식당에 온 이유는 '가족파티'가 31.3%였고, 동행인은 평균 9.3±4.3명이며 주로 가족 및 친척, 직장 동료였다. 식사에 소요된 시간은 1시간 32분±26분이었고, 음식을 가져온 첫수는 평균 3.7±1.2회였으며, 최고 10회가 있었다. 만복감 후 식사첫수는 평균 1.2±0.8회였다. 부페식사시 가장 먼저 먹은 음식은 스프 23.9%, 샐러드 23.9%였는데, 여자는 스프, 샐러드의 비율이 높은 반면, 남자는 육류, 어패류의 비율이 높았으며, 음식 선택시 기준은 '내가 좋아하는 음식'이 70.7%로 가장 높게 나타나 부페식당 이용자들이 바람직한 식사순서 및 음식선택에 대한 인식이 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 부페식당에서 가장 좋아하는 음식의 국적은 54.4%가 한국음식으로 나타났다. 부페식사에서 '약간' 또는 ‘대단히 과식했다'고 응답한 경우가 64.0%로 많은 대상자들이 과식하는 것으로 나타났는데 이로 인한 건강 및 영양문제에 대한 교육이 필요하고 운영면에서는 이러한 일종의 음식의 낭비를 줄일 수 있는 방안에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 사료되었다. 5) 향후 부페식당의 발전방향에 대한 의견 부페식당의 발전방향에 대해 '가지수를 줄여서라도 가격을 짜게 하자'는 의견이 82.9%로 대부분 조사 대상자들이 현재 부페가격에 대해 부정적인 반응을 보였다. '한국음식을 더 많이 해서 전통음식과 친밀한 장소로 발전시키자', '계절식품을 이용하고 비슷한 종류의 음식은 빼서 가격을 낮추자', '연령에 따라서, 또, 성인에서는 성별에 따라 가격 차이를 두자'는 의견 등이 있었다.
An eating behavior research was done with 50 females at a buffet styled restaurant during their lunch time. Of the respondents, 52.0% were professional and 54.0% were graduate school graduates. Of the respondents, 58.0% of the company were friends and 24.0% were relatives. The average time period of eating was 93.0±23.4 minutes. The average frequency of taking food was 4.0±1.1 and the average frequency of taking food after satiety was 1.4±0.8. It is significant that lower frequency of food consumption was directly proportional to the age groups of respondents. The average selected food items were 30.4±7.1 out of 175 and the average weight of the consumed food was 995.0±240.9 g. The older age group chose a similar number of food items, but the amount of each food item was considerably less than younger. So the younger the age group was, the more they ate. The average food items at one time was 7.1±2.2 and the average food weight time was 233.7±69.7 g. The percentage of respondents who evaluated themselves as 'ate too much' was 70.0% and those who evaluate themselves 'ate properly' was 14.0%. Most of them were satisfied with the buffet service. The average of number of food items consumed by respondents before cooking was 50.5±8.9. The consumption of calories and nutrients was compared with the Korean Daily Recommended Dietary Allowances. The consumed calories were 60.9% of RDAs, protein 104.4%, calcium 77.1%, iron 129.8%, vitamin A 66.5%, thiamin 96.0%, riboflavin 95.7%, niacin126.6% and ascorbic acid 112.3%. This data exceeded 1/3 of the Korean Daily RDAs tremendously and tells us extreme overeating. The energy ratio of carbohydrate: fat: protein was 51.6: 29.9: 18.5. Caloric consumption of animal food was 27.9% and the consumption rate of the other nutrients from animal food was considerably high. But the consumption rate of vitamin A was 90.9% from vegetable groups. Accoding to this study, buffet service gives some advantages. It gives customers an good opportunity to vary their food intake, which enhances eating experiences and can cause an improvemont of food habits. But overeating is a problem. Therefore, we think it is necessary for those women who have influence over their family's food selection, to have nutrition education about a desirable order of eating a meal, food selection, and health problems due to overeating at buffet styled restaurant. There should be some improvement in the management of buffet service. For example, proper temperature, texture, and freshness of the food should be maintained. Prevention of mixed food smells should be considered as well. To lower the price it is desirable to reduce the number of similar items and to use seasonal food as much as possible. A buffet styled restaurant with less food items with cheaper prices is recommended. Various traditional food should be developed for the menu items. We expect buffet services to be sutable to maintain good health and to be popular to any eater.
The purposes of this study were to: (a) identify the changes in food patterns for last 20 years; (b) analyze the factors affecting on the changes in food patterns; (c) investigate the impact of changes in food patterns on nutritional composition of the diet and diet-related health problems. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 30 country members of the International Federation for Home Economics(IFHE) regional representatives. The response rate was 60%; simple descriptive and content analyses indicated that the significant differences of food consumption pattern were existed between western and eastern countries. Traditional food consumption patterns were maintained even though each countries' food consumption patterns have been dramatically changed due to the development of food technology and industrialization. The factors most frequently affecting on the changes in food patterns were nutrition and heallth-related educations. The food pattern changes have considerable effect on the nutritional composition of the diet among countries. The major diet-related health problems with nutrient deficiency were reported by underdeveloped countries such as India. In contrast to the above, in the developed countries, the adult disease related to the nutrition have been increased, while the developing countries such as Korea have the problems with nutrient deficiency and adult diseases simultaneously.
한국의 김치와 일본의 지물(漬物), 그리고 한일양국의 젓갈류는 공통(共通)의 전통식품이다. 이들 식품을 식품학적 관점에서 비교, 검토하는 것은 한일양국간의 식문화의 공통성과 상위성 그리고 독자성을 파악하는데 중요하다고 보아 금번 이들 전통식품의 무기질을 분석, 비교 검토했다. 1. 한국의 김치 중의 식염농도는 1.8%이고 일본지물(日本漬物)는 1.8~5.3%(저농도 조미지물(漬物) : 2.8%, 일본산김치 : 1.8%, 간장지물(漬物) : 5.3%)이다. 2. 김치의 Na/K치는 1.7이고 지물(漬物)의 Na/K치는 2.6~27.3(저조미농도지물(漬物) : 4.6, 일본산김치 : 2.6, 간장지물(漬物) : 27.3)이다. 3. 김치는 지물(漬物)보다 식염이 적고 Na/K치가 낮으므로 고혈압의 원인이 되는 식품으로 볼 수 없는 것으로 사려된다. 4. 김치 중의 K, Ca, Mg는 지물(漬物)보다 현저하게 높다. 5. 김치 중에는 어개류를 통해 들어온 Ca량(量)이 높고 지물(漬物)에는 식물성식품에 의한 Ca이 들어 있다. 6. 한국의 젓갈은 일본에 비해 식염과 Na양이 많고 Na/K치도 높다. 이상의 결과에서 양국간에 유사성이 보이는 김치와 지물(漬物)에서 그 재료와 식습관상의 차이점이 나타났고 김치는 다양한 식품이 혼합되어 복합적인 맛을 내나 일본은 단순, 단백한 맛을 기호하는 각각(各各)의 특징이 보이고 있다.
일본(日本) 내량시(奈良市)에 있는 법륭사(法隆社)는 6세기(世紀)에 백제(百濟)로부터 불교(佛敎)가 전해진 후 가장 불교문화(文化)가 융성할 때 그 주도적(主導的)인 인물(人物)인 성덕태자(聖德太子)에 의해 건립되었으나 모든 면(面)에서 백제, 신라, 고구려 삼국(三國)의 영향을 받아 현재까지 보존되고 있으며 그 중(中)에서도 태자사후(太子死後) 1300년(年) 이상 기제(忌祭)를 매년(每年) 시작되었던 때 모습 그대로 전승 실현되고 있어서 그 공물(供物)을 통해서 한반도에서 영향을 미친 점 한편으로는 한반도 고대식문화(古代食文化)를 추정하는데 좋은 자료와 참고가 되리라고 본다. 1. 13배어선(杯御膳), 5배어선(杯御膳) 3중병(重餠) 어불반(御佛飯)과 대산립(大山立)이 양쪽으로 장엄하게 차려진 공물(供物)은 그 시대로서는 진품(珍品)으로 식품의 종류나 조리법이 총동원된 행사였고 전체적인 특징은 고배기(高杯器)에 고배(高排)음식 형식으로 현재 일본(日本)에서는 古代(古代)로부터 전승되어오는 수개(數個)의 절과 신사(神社)외에는 찾아볼 수 없지만 한반도는 아직도 무속식(巫俗食), 불공(佛供), 각종(各種) 제사(祭祀) 그리고 가정행사인 돐상, 회갑(回甲)상, 혼례식 등에서 남아있고 이조시대(李朝時代)는 궁중상(宮中床)차림에서 흔히 볼 수 있었다. 그러므로 고배기(高杯器)에서 고배(高排)형식은 고대(古代)로부터의 한반도 식문화의 특징이었음을 알 수 있다. 2. 병(餠)에 있어서는 찹쌀보다 멥쌀가루를 많이 사용한 점으로 보아 한반도(韓半島) 기호(嗜好)의 특성과 상통하며 어불반(御佛飯)은 시루떡의 전초적인 과정(過程)으로 본다. 3. 13배어선(杯御膳)의 각종(各種) 산야(山野)열매는 후에 과일로 대치도 되었지만 각색과자(各色菓子), 각색당(各色糖) 등의 제조발달에 따라 적(赤), 황(黃), 녹(綠), 백색(白色)을 기본으로 장식하게 되었다. 4. 색면(索麵)이라는 가늘은 국수는 밀과 함께 국수제조법이 전래되어 귀한 식품으로서 제사에 쓰여졌으리라 본다. 5. 대산립(大山立)에 시양(枾揚)는 과자는 멥쌀가루를 튀긴 것이 특징이나 후에 튀기기 쉽고 맛이 좋은 밀가루로 변한 것이 아닌가 추정되며 모든 과자의 원조로 본다. 할죽(割竹)에 매달은 극락으로의 기원을 뜻하는 봉황새는 멧떡으로 만들었는데 현재까지 전통음식 중의 하나로 전라남도 지방에서 꽃떡위에 꽃이나 열매떡을 매달은 나무가지를 꽂아서 장식하는 것으로 보아 같은 재료 같은 형식으로 본다.