Unit price of meal provision in industrial foodservice differs with each business. It is believed that menu management work, contents of menu, and nutrition supply performed by dietitian are different with unit price of meal provision. In this sense, purposes of this study are to examine meal management work and contents of menu, by food cost, at industrial foodservice in Taegu, Kyungbuk area and to evaluate variety of menu and nutrition supply. Results of the study are as follows: 1. Average number of side dishes provided at meal, including Kimchi, was 2 at low unit price, 3.0 at middle unit price and 3.1 at high unit price. 2. Possession ratio of account books using for menu management was low. 3. With regard to kind of menu, high unit price was most various and showed more various, compared to low unit price, especially in cooking oil-used cook methods such as broil, pan-fried food, fry, and roast. 4. High unit price was found as the highest in kind of used food and supply volume. 5. Sugar, Mineral, Vitamine, and Protein were satisfied with standard food content, but fat and calcium were not. 6. Supply volume of food was positively correlated to supply volume of nutrient, but kinds of cook methods and food type were not correlated to that of nutrient.
The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrition education and training needs as a basis for program planning for day care children. Nutrition achievement test developed by American National Dairy Council and Iowa state University was modified and used for measuring the level of basic knowledge of food and nutrition for day care children. The results of this study can be summarized as follows 1. Over 70% of mothers indicated their children had a certain degree of food behavior and feeding problems in terms of unbalanced food habit, irregular meal period. 2. Mean score for the nutrition achievement test for day care children was 9.3. 3. The nutrition achievement test score for children with high socio-economic status was significantly higher than those of children with middle and lower group. 4. Inspection of the difficulty difference indices showed that over the 50% of the children had more items that were easier in the content of physiological facts than in the food handling and social psychological aspects of foods.
Food is an expression of social identity. The food we eat identifies us as members of a social group, distinguishes us from other groups, and binds us together through a process of self-categorization and social identification. This research extends the theory of collectivism versus individualism as basic dimensions of culture and personality to research on food and identity. We tested 2 hypotheses among 402 university students in Korea and the U.S. 1) Americans assume relatively individualistic orientation while Koreans relatively collectivistic in orientation. 2) Koreans and Americans differ in their orientation toward food, with Americans assuming an individualistic orientation and Koreans assuming a collectivistic approach. The level of collectivism versus individualism was measured by using Hui's INCOL Scale. We initially hypothesized that the Americans would be strongly individualistic and Koreans strongly collectivistic, however our results did not prove this. The two groups showed collectivistic social identity with the Americans being a bit more collectivistic, so little support was found. In order to test the second hypothesis, we devised a new set of questions based on a idea by Hui and Fischer. It was found that this hypothesis was strongly supported. In conclusion, it is difficult to find overall differences in collectivism versus individualism between the two groups. But in the area of attitude toward food, we found clear differences. For Koreans, food is an expression of collectivistic identity, whereas Americans assume a more individualistic approach.
The purpose of this study was to develop nutrition education program that promotes eating behavior of preschool children. 118 parents of preschool children were surveyed to understand of children's food preferences and prejudices. The preference for vegetable showed the lowest score(2.345) and fruit was the favorite food(4.11). These results imply the consequence of teaching balanced diet with emphasizing vegetables for preschoolers. Thus, nutrition education program including teaching material were developed to provide the preschoolers with cognitive, affective, and psychomotor activities in order them to the familiar with vegetables. The program were consisted of following five parts: 1. Read-A-Story includes six stories with follow-up activities. 2. Grow-A-Plant gives instructions for growing vegetables. 3. Play-A-Game stimulates children's imagination and learning. 4. Take-A-Trip suggests places to visit that grow, sell, and prepare vegetables. 5. Eat-A-Treat presents easy ways to prepare and enjoy vegetables. Twenty one-Standardized recipes for vegetable dishes were also developed for preschooler's luncheon and snack in daycare center.
담산신사(談山神社)의 전신(前身)은 한반도로부터 일본으로 불교(佛敎)전래 이후 불교문화(佛敎文化)가 번성하던 7세기에 건립된 묘악사(妙樂寺)이다. 근세(近世)에 들어와서 국가적인 폐불훼석(?佛毁?)으로 신사(神社)로 바뀌었으므로 고대(古代)로부터의 1200년간 절의 불공(佛供)양식이 그대로 답습되어 전승되어 왔다. 신찬(神饌)이라고 하나 실제로는 고대불교문화(古代佛敎文化)의 원형이라고 볼 수 있다. 문화의 교류가 빈번했던 한국고대의 식문화를 연구하는데 참고가 되리라 본다. 1) 고배(高排) 음식의 형태는 본신사(本神社)와 동시대(同時代) 동계통(同系統)의 춘일대사(春日大社)나 법륭사(法隆寺) 등 고대(古代)의 절이나 신사(神社)에 남아 있어서 현존하는 한국 고배차림과 상통하는 점을 뚜렷이 볼 수 있다. 단지 일본은 현재로는 사자(死者)나 신(神)에게 대한 제사에만 남아 있다는 점이 한국은 경사스런 행사에도 널리 쓰여지고 있다는 것이 차이점이다. 또 한가지는 본신사(本神社)의 고배형태가 단순한 원주형(圓柱型)에서상부가 지붕 같이 넓어지는 형태로 변형된 것이다. 그리고 한반도의 고배음식은 실제로 행사가 끝나면 나누어 먹을 수 있는 음식인데 비해 「백미어식(百味御食)」은 형태만을 화려하게 만든 상징적인 것이다. 이는 시대의 흐름에 따라 외관상의 모양만을 만든 것이라 보고 신인공식(神人供食)의 사상으로 볼 때 고대(古代)에는 먹을 수 있는 음식이였을 것이다. 현재 한국의 고배음식은 원래 불교, 도교, 유교, 샤마니즘 등의 복합적인 영향으로 형성된 것으로 보아 인도와 중국에 근원을 두어야 할 것이다. 뒷바침이 될만한 것이 없어서 앞으로 뿌리와 유래 그리고 변천과정 등을 조사해야 할 것이다. 2) 고배음식 위의 장식은 고추나 꽈리 등의 열매를 죽곶(竹串)(대나무 꽂이)에 꽂아서 더욱 화려하게 만든 점이 특징이다. 이는 이조(李朝)시대 궁중연회행사에서 고배음식에 상화(床花)로 꽂는데 까지의 발전과정에서 극히 시초단계의 형태로 본다. 생열매나 꽃이 보였고 다음이 떡으로 새나 꽃모양을 만들어 장식했고(사진 10) 그 다음이 계절과 관계없이 실크나 종이로 조화(造花)를 만들어 화려하게 장식했다. 3) 화도(和稻)의 문양(紋樣)은 매년 다르나 만형(卍型)은 필히 포함시키고 나머지는 다양한 종류중에서 선택한 것으로 보아 문양이 고대로부터 다양하게 발전했었음을 알 수 있고 만(卍)자를 필히 넣는 것은 본신사(本神社)가 절이였고 절형식의 영향을 크게 받고 있음을 증명해 준다. 4) 황도(荒稻) 본(本) 제사에서는 현재의 벼보다 대가 수십센치나 긴 흑(黑), 백(白), 적(赤)등 3종류의 고대미(古代米)를 쓰고 있다. 적미(赤米)와 흑미(黑米)는 현미(玄米)의 일종으로서 품종(品種)과 계통(系統)에 따라서 종피(種皮)의 색이 적색계(赤色系)는 적미(赤米), 흑자색(黑紫色)인 것을 흑미(黑米)로 칭하여 사용했다. 백미(白米)는 현재의 도정된 쌀이라고 본다. 이도 원래는 대가 긴 고대미(古代米)였다. 춘일대사(春日大社) 제사에도 흑미반(黑米飯)이 나오는 것으로 보아 현재의 개량된 쌀이 되기 이전의 형태는 물론 최초에는 현미를 식용했던 점을 알 수 있다. 무엇보다 술이 달린 벼의 대를 그대로 장식한 것이 특이하다. 이는 쌀을 귀중한 식량으로 꼽았던 것으로 본다. 5) 과실어공(果實御供)의 과일은 각종 야생열매라고 보는 것이 타당하다. 현재 우리가 식용하지 않는 과일, 채소, 구근류가 보인다. 고대식용(古代食用)식물의 재연구조사가 필요하다. 6) 고대(古代)제사나 현재 고배음식에서 보이는 오색(五色)은 오행설(五行說)에 근거를 두나 고대(古代) 신앙부터 다수의 종교의 부합적인 사상에 의하여 형성된 것으로 본다.
The composition of isothiocyanates in Dolsan leaf mustard was investigated. Five major volatile isothiocyanates detected in leaf mustard were sec-butyl isothiocyanate, allyl isothiocyanate, 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, n-hexyl isothiocyanate and β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate. In both leaf and leaf stalk allyl isothiocyanate and 3-butenyl isothiocyanate were the most abundant. The compositional difference of isothiocyanates between leaf and leaf stalk was that n-hexyl and β-phenylethyl isothiocyanates were present more in leaf than leaf stalk.
To furnish basic data for the utilization of leaf mustard as a raw material of salted and fermented vegetable food, the contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls of Dolsan Leaf Mustard(DLM) were investigated. Total carotenoid content of DLM was 4.75 mg%, and the compositions were β-carotene(80.91%), lutein(13.07%), lutein epoxide(3.93%). The contents of chlorophyll a and b were 4.1 and 1.5 mg%, and leaf was 7.4- and 8.1-fold, respectively, higher than leaf stalk. The ratios of chlorophyll a/b in leaf (2.7:1) and leaf stalk(3.0:1) were similar to those of other vegetables.