This study was to analyze the architectural characteristics and facade construction of brick masonry auditorium through the Auditorium of Namsan Primary School in 1936. The results of this study were described separately as follows. 1. The auditorium is located away from the school buildings, and its plane is a chamber of rectangle type with an entrance installed on each of the four sides. 2. The external appearance is Renaissance eclectic style, laid red bricks on the lower wall of the window and having a mansard roof. The front and the rear are symmetric with respect to the projected wall at the center. 3. As to the structure of the building, a concrete lower wall was built on the concrete continuous footing, and the brick wall was constructed on the lower wall. The roof is queen post roof truss, and the wall girders were installed on the brick wall. 4. The auditorium has had a number of repairing and maintenance works, which changed the roof and windows outside and the floor, walls, ceiling, etc. inside. 5. The decorative elements of external appearance include lower wall, brick wall, entrances, windows, roof, and dormer windows. The brick wall gives verticality and solidity to the surface of the wall, and the lower wall and wall girders are connected like a cornice of the wall. The surface of the mansard roof and dormer windows express a stable vertically oriented shape.

According to it, a final goal of this study sets up ‘Renovation of the Red brick architecture’ and development of theoretical foundation and substantial conservation about Red brick architecture through historical records must be settled without delay. Firstly, it analyzes related terminology and adjusts brick architecture's history and features for architectural authenticity about Red brick architecture. It would study production and construction process of brick in korea. From analysis of records, brick of traditional meaning is ‘Jeondol’ and western brick of modern meaning is ‘Red brick’. ‘Brick’ defines a common designation. This study shows definition of words based on documents published until 19th century and a korean language and architecture terms dictionary. In view of this results, the meaning of brick which combines different types extensively uses ‘Chu(甃)’, ‘Jeon(塼, 磚, 甎)’, ‘Byeok(甓)’ according to the purpose of use and the current of the times. In case of ‘Jeon’, it uses jointly different types such as ‘塼’, ‘磚’, ‘甎’. but ‘塼’ is frequently used. Even though these words like ‘byeok(甓)’ used individual or combination types until the late 19th century, there is no use because of japanese terms in japanese colonial. After liberation, it was the term of the traditional brick. Brick is generally used through modern times. In an unabridged Korean language dictionary, it defines this term as orthodox korean ‘壁乭’ and ‘甓乭’. At that time of japanese colonial, ‘Yeonwa(煉瓦)’ used in combination with brick. Due to influence it, it partly uses until now but it is not in common use. Also, a Korean language dictionary contains transcription of ‘Yeonwa’ with same definition as ‘Byeokdol(甓乭)’. In the other side, it results from translating japanese into Korean. It would make exact definition of ‘Yeonwa’.

The bricks in Myung Dong Cathedral Church are now deteriorated by the weather such as temperature, humidity, and winds. Thus it is necessary to replace the old bricks to the restored bricks for the load bearing capacity as well as to prevent the penetrations of rains from outside. However the mortar composition is not well defined at this moment and there are literary about the mortar completions. Thus it is necessary to verify the mortar compactions between old bricks and results to bring the restoring the mortar for the replace of new bricks. The particles of mortar was collected from Myung Dong Cathedral Church and particle size was analyzed by the mortar and pestle and mechanicle floater. The X-ray diffraction and XRF of each particles are analyzed. The quartz and feldspar such as albite, kaolinite are observed in large particles(>1mm). However, the clicite was observed at lower than $43{\mu}m$ particles. In XRF analysis, the $SiO_2\;and\;K_2O$ are observed at large particles$(1mm-208{\mu}m)\;and\;CaCO_3$ is observed at small particles$(208-43{\mu}m)\;and\;CaCO_3$ is observed at small particles($208-43{\mu}m$). This is well coincide with XRD results. The optimum volume ratio of lime mortar would be 1: 2 ($CaO: SiO_2$).

본 논문에서는 건물 외장벽돌의 박락사고와 관련하여 박락의 응력 원인 및 방지대책 등에 고찰 및 제안하였다. 즉, 설계자는 건축물 시공전 설계도면 및 시방서를 철저히 검토하여 건조수축 및 온도 변화에 따른 팽창수축 등 거동에 무리가 없는지, 또한 연결철물도 단단히 고정되게 되어있는지를 검토하고, 시공과정에서 시공 및 감리자는 철저히 확인 및 감독할 필요가 있는 것이다.

In the case of solid refuse fuel manufacturing facilities, residues, which are left-over from the process, are buried at a rate of 34% of incoming amount, and some are disposed of by combustion. The residues were upgraded by mechanical biological treatment and subject to attempts at combustion, and the bottom ash generated from combustion tests was applied to fabricate bricks for recycling. The brick was manufactured by substitutions of stone powder, cement, sand ranging from by 3 to 30% according to experimental conditions. These could be used as an interlocking block for the sidewalk or open spaces. The basic characteristics of the bottom ash and the water absorption, bending strength, compressive strength, and dimensions of the mixed bricks were tested. Results showed that 10% of the stone powder substitution was regarded as an optimal condition, and the brick quality was satisfactory under given standards, because the pozzolanic and hydration reactions occurred effectively.

Converter slag is discharged as by-product from steel making process. Its chemical composition is similar to that of blast furnace slag. Therefore its recyclability is high. But actually it was not widely recycled relatively. We studied to prepare insulating brick with it for enhancing the recyclability. We discussed mixing ratio of melting slag and converter slag and also additional amounts of Al-dross and NaOH as affecting factors. According to our results, 0.195 W/mK of thermal conductivity and 3.02 MPa of compressive strength were obtained at the following condition mixing ratio 60 : 40, aluminum dross 1.5wt%, NaOH 5.6wt%. It seemed that the thermal conductivity of prepared brick was decreased with increasing amount of Al-dross and NaOH. It is satisfied with the standard of insulating fire bricks (KS L3301).

최근 국내의 재건축, 재개발 등의 활성화로 인해 건설폐기물이 지속적으로 발생하며 그 발생량은 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 건설폐기물은 증가하는 만큼 건축자재의 수급 또한 증가하여 건축자재를 얻기 위해 강가 훼손, 채굴, 벌목 등으로 자연환경을 파괴하게 된다. 또한 건물 해체 시 불필요한 물질들이 대량으로 배출되는 등 자연과 생태환경 변화를 야기 시키고 있어 적절한 관리가 필요로 하고 있다. 발생한 건설폐기물 소각재를 재활용하는 방안으로 본 연구에서는 건설폐기물 소각재와 황토, 일라이트를 주원료로 사용하여 내장용 벽돌의 제작 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 기초시료인 건설폐기물 소각재, 황토, 일라이트를 분석한 결과, 소각재, 일라이트는 SiO₂, Al₂O₃ 성분이 약 70 ~ 80%로 주를 이루었고 황토의 경우, 고창 황토는 붉은 색을 띄는 철 성분이 많이 함유되어 있어 SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃가 주를 이루고 있다. 소각재, 황토, 일라이트를 비율별로 혼합하여, 1100℃, 1130℃, 1200℃ 온도별로 소성하여 일반점토벽돌 기준에 명시되어 있는 압축강도와 흡수율을 측정하였다. 그 결과 15:65:20(소:황:일) 혼합율로 1130℃에서 소성시켰을 때, 압축강도는 보통벽돌 품질 2종인 150 kgf/cm² 이상을 보였으며, 흡수율은 1종의 14% 이하로 나타나 벽돌로써의 가능성을 판단할 수 있었다. 제작한 벽돌을 가지고 더 나아가 황토와 일라이트의 기능인 탈취, 흡착에 관한 실험과 원적외선, 음이온 방사에 대한 조사를 진행할 예정이다.

In this work, lightweight brick was prepared from aluminum dross, MS and MBA. Aluminum dross is discharged as by-product through the process of aluminum smelting. It can be used as foaming agent, because it produces hydrogen gas due to the reaction with alkali activator. In this study, the specific gravity and compressive strength of prepared brick was discussed with the addition of aluminum dross. Compressive strength, flexural strength and specific gravity was 36 MPa, 2.6 MPa and 1.48 at mixing ratio of 0.9wt% aluminum dross, respectively. The physical property of brick was debased with the addition of aluminum dross. Because the pore size was bigger in accordance with the addition of aluminum dross.

Consumers increasingly prefer HDTV (high definition television), including LCD (liquid crystal display), LED (light emitting diode), and plasma TVs (television), and existing analog TV broadcasting system will be switched to digital broadcasting at the end of 2012 in Korea. Even for computer monitors, CRT (cathode-ray tube) monitors are no longer preferred because of customers’ increasing desire for thinner and lighter monitors and mobile computers. It is anticipated that these shifts will lead to a dramatic increase in disposal of analog TV sets. In 2012, it is estimated that about 117 thousand tons of CRT glass waste will be generated in Korea. CRT glass waste is not only Korea’s problem but also global issue, which needs worldwide attentions and policies for conserving useful resources and preventing groundwater pollution from heavy metals contained in CRT glass waste in case of landfill. It is important to develop BATs (best available technologies) to recycle CRT glass waste properly in short times. Therefore, in this study recycling possibility of CRT class was evaluated for the clay brick including powder of CRT glass of after crushing. Compressible strength and absorption factor of fabricated sample clay bricks were measured and observed whether they could satisfy the Korean Industrial Standard to use as normal bricks or not. The clay bricks containing under 5% of CRT panel glass powders were found to show enough quality as bricks, therefore the recycling of CRT cullet as materials of clay bricks could be utilized as one of the options.

Recently, brick walls are being widely introduced in rural areas. Walls are a very important design element of space. However, most brick wall works do not consider the human psychological characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological characteristics on brick wall bonds such as the stack bond, running bond, english bond, flemish bond, america bond. The results of the research can be summarized as follows: 1)There is no statistical difference of psychological evaluation results among student groups using the semantic differential scale method using 10 adjectives. 2)Stack bonds have an uninspiring, artificial, simple, restful, boring and ordered psychological characteristic. Running bonds have an uninspiring, restful and ordered psychological characteristic. America bonds have a unique and modernistic psychological characteristic. English bonds have a unique, modernistic, complex and chaotic psychological characteristic. Flemish bonds have no critical psychological characteristics. 3)The running bond earned the highest score in preference, while the stack bond scored the lowest. Employment of brick wall bonds on this study was not highly preferred, hence it is necessary to develop a new brick wall bond design. 4)In conclusion, the proper selection of brick wall bonds is very important and we should consider human psychological characteristics in the design of rural areas.

In this study, it was developed eco-friendly geopolymer fiber reinforced concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag and alkali activator(water glass, sodium hydroxides). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of eco-friendly geopolymer fiber reinforced concrete by performing compression tests and absorption tests.

최근 생태․친환경 건축이 화두로 등장하면서 친환경 건축재료인 점토벽돌과 공기의 흐름과 수분의 이동이 가능한 석회모르타르의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 하지만 국내 연구는 콘크리트벽돌과 시멘트모르타르에 집중되고 있어 점토벽돌 및 석회모르타르에 대한 연구가 거의 없는 실정이며, 조적조의 국내 기준 또한 국내에서 사용되는 재료와 다른 물리적 값을 사용하고 있는 국외기준을 바탕으로 제정되어 국내 실정을 적절히 반영하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 프리즘압축강도, 부착강도, 전단 및 사인장강도 실험을 통해 점토벽돌과 석회모르타르를 사용한 조적구조의 물리적 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 또한, 콘크리트벽돌과 시멘트모르타르를 사용한 조적구조와의 물리적 특성을 비교분석하여 국내 조적기준을 개정하기 위한 근거를 제시하고자 한다. 점토벽돌과 석회모르타르를 적용한 조적구조는 콘크리트벽돌과 시멘트모르타르를 사용한 조적구조와는 다른 양상을 보이므로 점토벽돌과 석회모르타르를 적용한 조적구조의 프리즘압축강도와 탄성계수에 대한 추정식을 제안한다.