Total dissolved solids (TDS) 제거에 이용되는 이온교환수지는 컬럼에 충진시켜 사용하게 되는데, 이온교환 과정 에서 이온성 물질과 이온교환수지의 충분한 접촉시간을 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 이온교환수지의 분체화를 통하여 짧은 접촉시간으로도 높은 TDS 제거 성능을 보이는 이온교환수지의 특성을 연구하였다. 흐름성 등을 고려한 분체의 최적 크기는 100 μm 이상임을 확인하였고, 250~500 μmd와 100~250 μm 크기의 최대 분쇄 수율은 각각 67.3%와 36.9%였다. 또한 100~500 μm 크기의 분쇄 수율은 분쇄 시간 2분에서 87.1%로 나타났다. 회분식(batch) 실험 조건에서 250~500 μm 크기의 분체가 95%와 99%의 제거율에 도달하는 시간은 분쇄 전(non-pulverized) 이온교환수지에 비해 각각 1.82배와 1.96배 더 빨랐 다. 100~250 μm 크기의 분체는 각각 15.9배와 6.18배 더 빨랐다. 컬럼 테스트의 경우 분쇄 전 이온교환수지는 총 1.74 g, 250~500 μm 크기의 분체는 1.83 g, 100~250 μm 크기의 분체는 1.63 g의 NaCl을 제거하였다. 분체의 크기가 작아질수록 용 량(capacity)이 약간 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 분체화된 이온교환수지를 사용하는 것이 접촉시간 대비 높은 TDS 제거 성능을 얻을 수 있는 방법임을 확인하였다.

Porous metals demonstrate not only excessively low densities, but also novel physical, thermal, mechanical, electrical, and acoustic properties. Thus, porous metals exhibit exceptional performance, which are useful for diesel particulate filters, heat exchangers, and noise absorbers. In this study, SUS316L foam with 90% porosity and 3,000 μm pore size is successfully manufactured using the electrostatic powder coating (ESPC) process. The mean size of SUS316L powders is approximately 12.33 μm. The pore properties are evaluated using SEM and Archimedes. As the quantity of powder coating increases, pore size decreases from 2,881 to 1,356 μm. Moreover, the strut thickness and apparent density increase from 423.7 to 898.3 μm and from 0.278 to 0.840 g/cm3, respectively. It demonstrates that pore properties of SUS316L powder porous metal are controllable by template type and quantity of powder coating.

본 연구에서는 입자크기가 다른 3가지 α-알루미나 분체로부터 주입성형법과 소결법을 혼용하여 튜브형 α-알루 미나 지지체를 제조하여 초기 α-알루미나 분체의 입자크기와 소결 온도가 지지체의 기공구조와 기체투과 특성에 미치는 영 향을 고찰하였다. 평균입경이 0.2, 0.5, 1.7 μm인 α-알루미나 분체를 사용했을 시 제조된 α-알루미나 지지체는 각각 약 80, 130, 200 nm의 평균 기공경을 가졌으며 평균 기공경은 소결 온도 보다는 초기 알루미나 분체의 입자크기에 의존하였다. 모 든 시편에서 소결 온도가 증가할수록 지지체의 부피 밀도는 증가하였고 겉보기 기공률은 감소하였다. He, N2, O2, CO2에 대 하여 30°C에서 단일기체 투과 특성을 평가한 결과, 기체 투과도는 기공경 제곱에 비례하여 증가하였고 기공률이 증가함에 따 라서 직선적으로 증가하였다. 이를 토대로 제조된 α-알루미나 지지체의 기체 투과는 점성유동(viscous flow)에 의하여 이루 어지며, α-알루미나 지지체의 기체 투과 특성은 초기 α-알루미나 분체의 입자크기와 소결온도를 제어함으로써 조절될 수 있 음을 확인할 수 있었다.

작은 고체 분체들은 피커링 유화 체계에서 안정화제로 작용하는 것은 이미 알려진 사실이다. 이 연구에서 우리는 알킬실란 처리 TiO2와 n-헥실알코올, 수계로 안정한 피커링 에멀젼을 제조하였다. TiO2 입자에 의해 안정화된 피커링 에멀젼을 제조하기 위한 최적의 조건은 TiO2 입자의 양과 수상/유상의 비에 의해 결정된다. 피커링 에멀젼의 형태는 물과 n-헥실알코올에 대한 입자들의 젖음성에 의존된다. 피커링 에멀젼은 TiO2가 5.00 wt%, 오일과 수상의 비가 3 : 7인 경우에 가장 안정하였다. 피커링 에멀젼을 형판으로 하여 무기 전조체를 졸-겔 공정에 의해 다공성 분체들이 합성되었다. 합성된 다공성 분체들은 광학 현미경, SEM, BET, XRD 및 EDS에 의해 확인되었다.

본 연구는 메이크업 화장품용 분체에 관한 리뷰논문이다. 분체는 피부 결함 은폐, 자외선 차단, 화장 지속성, 피부보호의 역할을 주요목적으로 한다. 이러한 기능은 분체의 형태제어, 표면처리, 캡슐화로 부여된다. 미래의 분체는 환경변화에 응답하는 스마트 형태로 진화할 것으로 보인다.

In this study, nano-sized tin oxide powder with an average particle size of below 50 nm is prepared by the spray pyrolysis process. The influence of air pressure on the properties of the generated powder is examined. Along with the rise of air pressure from 0.1kg/cm2 to 3kg/cm2, the average size of the droplet-shaped particles decreases, while the particle size distribution becomes more regular. When the air pressure increases from 0.1kg/cm2 to 1kg/cm2, the average size of the dropletshaped particles, which is around 30-50 nm, shows hardly any change. When the air pressure increases up to 3kg/cm2, the average size of the droplet-shaped particles decreases to 30 nm. For the independent generated particles, when the air pressure is at 0.1kg/cm2, the average particle size is approximately 100 nm; when the air pressure increases up to 0.5kg/m2, the average particle size becomes more than 100 nm, and the surface structure becomes more compact; when the air pressure increases up to 1kg/cm2, the surface structure is almost the same as in the case of 0.5kg/cm2, and the average particle size is around 80- 100 nm; when the air pressure increases up to 3kg/cm2, the surface structure becomes incompact compared to the cases of other air pressures, and the average particle size is around 80-100 nm. Along with the rise of air pressure from 0.1kg/cm2 to 0.5kg/cm2, the XRD peak intensity slightly decreases, and the specific surface area increases. When the air pressure increases up to 1kg/cm2 and 3kg/cm2, the XRD peak intensity increases, while the specific surface area also increases.

It was researched to be alternative of TGIC type hardener with human hazard element as PT 910 mix powder paint with hardener. Generally PT 910 was compared with TGIC & Epoxy resin of hardener to be used at thermosetting powder paint. We inquired a property of matter for paint through Gel time, glass transition temperature, melting point and a property of matter for film through a property of adhesion, a property of tolerance, softness, gloss, acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, salt water spray-resistant, facilitation climatic. When PT 910 is used of hardener, it was shown the excellent results in gel time, softness, salt water spray-resistant, fracilitation climatic and the similar results in melting point, a property of tolerance, a property of adhesion, gloss, acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, as compared with the powder paint used by TGIC hardener. The glass transition temperature was little low. But there was slightly different results. After the study results, we reached the conclusion that thermosetting powder used by PT 910 is alterative to by TGIC hardener.

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of solid particles as a stabilizing agent instead of surfactant for preparing emulsions in the cosmetics. The type of emulsions stabilized by solid particles was dependent on wettability of the particles for water and oil. The optimal conditions of emulsions stabilized by solid particles were determined with ratio of water and oil phase, polarity of oils and amount of stabilizers. In the foundation appling the optimal condition of emulsions stabilized by solid particles without surfactant, the stable emulsion type foundation was successfully prepared. As a result, this work indicates that emulsions stabilized by solid particles can be applied to make-up cosmetics.

Nano-sized TiO2-60 wt% SrO composite powders were synthesized by a sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and Sr(OH)2 · 8H2O as precursors. 3, -5, -7 wt%Ag spot-coated TiO2-60 wt% SrO composite powders were synthesized by a Ag electroless deposition method using TiO2-60 wt% SrO composite powders calcined at 1050˚C, which mainly exhibited the SrTiO3phase. However, a small number of rutile TiO2, Sr2TiO4 and SrO2 phases were also detected. In the Ag spot-coated powders synthesized by electroless deposition, nano-sized particles about 5-25 nm in diameter adhered to the TiO2-60 wt% SrO composite powders. The photocatalytic activity of Ag spot-coated TiO2-SrO and TiO2-SrO composite powders for degradation of phenol showed that all of TiO2-SrO composite powders were highly active under UV light irradiation. 7 wt%Ag spot-coated TiO2-60wt.%SrO composite powders had a relatively higher photocatalytic activity than did TiO2-SrO composite powders under visible light.

Evaluation of the solid surface properties by an analysis of the liquid penetration rate into powderbeds is very important in applications of powder products. The penetration rate is related the surface propertyin powder beds. In order to analyze the surface property of powders, the contact angle values of several powderswere obtained using the Washbun equation and the Wicking method. The surface free energy value γS wasdivided into a polar component γSp and a dispersion component γSd. Inorganic powders such as calcite were usedas test samples. The effects of the particle size and the type of experimental liquid on the penetration rate weremeasured. It was confirmed that the surface free energy of the grinding sample is smaller than that of theclassification sample.

The silica nanoparticles were used as support of catalyst, filling material, electronic assembler, thin film material, and sensor material. And, the titania nanoparticles were used as pigment, dielectric substance, sensor and photocatalyst. In this paper, the spherical composite particles of TiO2/SiO2with narrow size distribution and phase pure were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method from TiOSO4 and colloidal silica solution. Using ultrasonic apparatus, this starting solution was vaporized to droplets, and these droplets were induced into tube furnace by carrier gas. The resulting composite powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, TG-DTA, in vitro sun protection factor(SPF) and BET surface area analysis.

An aqueous solution of a commercial liquid synthetic detergent for kitchen use was photodecomposed in the presence of titanium dioxides powder under an atmosphere of air at room temperature. Titanium dioxides were prepared by sol-gel method from titanium iso-propoxide at different R ratio(H2O/titanium iso-propoxide) and calcined at 500℃. All titanium dioxides were characterized by XRD, BET surface area analyzer and UV-VIS spectrometer. The surface area of titanium dioxides prepared at R ratio=6 appeared higher volume about 20% than commercial TiO2 catalysts. XRD patterns of titania particles were observed mixing phase together with rutile and anatase type. Titanium dioxides prepared by sol-gel method show higher activity about 6% than commercial TiO2 catalysts on the photocatalytic degradation of a commercial liquid synthetic detergent for kitchen. The concentration of the detergent decreased to about 90% of its initial value at illumination times of 2 hour. Illumination for 30 minutes decreased the concentration of oxygen to about one-fifth of the initial value.

Ni-diamond composite powders with nickel layer of round-top type on the surface of synthetic diamond (140/170 mesh) were prepared by the electroless plating method (EN) with semi-batch reactor. The effects of nickel concentration, feeding rates of reductant, temperature, reaction time and stirring speeds on the weight percentage and morphology of deposited Ni, mean particle size and specific surface area of the composite powders were investigated by Atomic Adsortion Spectrometer, SEM-EDX, PSA and BET. It was found that nucleated Ni-P islands, acted as catalytic sites for further deposition and grown into these relatively thick layers with nodule-type on the surface of diamond by a lateral growth mechanism. The weight percentage of Ni in the composite powder increased with reaction time, feeding rate of reductant and temperature, but decreased with stirring speed. The weight percentage of Ni in Ni-diamond composite powder was 55% at 150 min., 200 rpm and 7 .

천연흑연은 단위구조가 탄소육각망평면이 평행하게 배열된 층상으로 전기전도도 및 윤활성이 우수하나 소수성이 매우 강하며, 표면화학적 목성이 거의 없기 때문에 다른 물질과 흡착이 쉽게 일어나지 않아 분산이 매우 어려운 물질이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제타전위를 이용하여 흑연에 ABDM을 흡착시켜 표면특성을 소수성에서 친수성으로 변화시키고 수중현탁액 중에서 흑연입자의 분산 메커니즘을 DLVO이론을 이용하여 설명하였다. 흑연의 제타전위가 22.5mV가 되도록 ABDM의 흡착량 (20mg/g) 및 조건 (PH 10에서 12시간 흡착)을 만족시키면 분산안정성 (T1/2) 이 44.5시간인 고분산성 흑연 현탁액을 제조할 수 있다.

In order to reduce the sintering temperature of iron based sintered parts, sinteing properties of iron-copper prealloyed powder were investigated at various temperatures in the range of 700∼890, and than the rusults were compared with those of the conventional iron-copper-tin compact using elemental powders, The using of prealloyed as a new process improved its sintering performance at lower temperature than elemental powder as the conventional process. The relative sintered density and radial crushing stength of the compact using prealloyed were higher than those of using elemental powder at all sintering temperature. For example, the radial curength of the compact using powder was about 50kg/mm2 at 700, while that of the compact using elemental powder sintered at 890 was 43kg/mm2.

Spherical alumina powders were prepared by the controlled hydrolysis of aluminum iso-propoxide in a solution consisting of n-octyl alcohol and acetonitrile. As aluminum alkoxide's concentration increased, the particle size was increased and size distribution was more broad. As-prepared particle morphology was not spherical when acetonitrile volume fraction was increased over than 60%. As-prepared amorphous powders crystallized to γ-alumina at 1000℃ and converted to α-alumina at 1150℃. The particle morphology was retain after crystallization α-alumina. When aluminum iso-propoxide was used as aluminum source, the optimum preparation condition of spherical alumina was 0.1M AIP, 0.2M H2O, 0.1g/l HPC with a volume fraction (1/1) of the n-octyl alcohol/acetonitrile, 10min of reaction time and 30min of aging time.