본 연구는 차나무식재지 토양에서 LB-CMC 한천배지를 이용하여 목질계 바이오매스 분해능이 우수한 미생물을 분리하고자 실시하였다. 그 결과 목질계 바이오매스분해에 우수한 활성을 보이는 3종의 박테리아를 분리하였다. 16S rRNA 유전자를 이용하여 3종의 박테리아를 동정한 결과 모두 Bacillus속에 속하였다. CMC zymogram 분석결과 Bacullus 3종 모두 약 44kDa의 셀룰레이즈가 존재하였다. Bacillus sp. CS1의 최적생장 온도는 37℃였으며, CMCase의 최대활성은 배양 36시간 후였고, xylanase는 배양 후 12시간에 최대활성을 보였다. CMCase와 xylanase의 최적 pH는 각각 5.0이었다. CMCase의 열안정성은 높았지만, xylanse는 열에 불안정한 것을 보였다. Bacillus sp. CS2의 최적 생장온도는 37℃였으 며, CMCase와 xylanaase의 활성은 배양 후 36시간이 가장 높았다. CMCase의 최적 온도와 pH는 각각 37℃와 pH 4.0이었지만, xylanaase의 최적 온도와 pH는 50℃와 pH 5.0이었다. CMCase와 xylanase는 비교적 열에 안정적이었다. Bacillus sp. CS3 최적 생장 온도는 37℃였으며, CMCase와 xylanase의 활성은 배양 후 36시간이 가장 높았다. CMCase 및 xylanase에 대한 최적의 온도와 pH는 37℃와 4.0이었다. CMCase의 열안정성을 보였지만, xylanase는 열에 불안정한 것을 보였다.

In this study, five different Lentinula edodes cultivar (Chamaram, Sanbaekhyang, Sanjo 713ho, Sanjo 715ho, Sanjo 718ho) were evaluated for their ability to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) in MEB medium, respectively. Chamaram and Sanjo 713ho decolorized RBBR rapidly in MEB medium within 3 and 5 days. The activities of manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase were determined on the MEB medium with and without lignin. Sanjo 713ho resulted the highest ligninolytic enzyme activities on incubation day 1, indicating of 1,213 U/mg of MnP activity and 1,421 U/mg of laccase activity.

This in vitro study investigated the enhancement of rumen bacterial adhesion on a substrate to increase the digestibility of rice straw in Hanwoo cattle. The rice straw was pretreated with enzymes, probiotics, or ammonia, and the effects on the enhancement of bacterial adhesion and fiber degradation were analyzed using in vitro rumen fermentation. Enzyme treatment included spraying of cellulase and xylanase at 40 and 120 U per g of rice straw, respectively; Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture of 1.0×107 CFU was sprayed as a probiotic treatment per gram of rice straw; ammonia was sprayed at 0.3% per gram of rice straw. Following enzyme treatment, Fibrobacter succinogenes formed a higher adhesion colony than the control group (7.26±0.03 and 8.43±0.20) after 6h and 12h of in vitro culture (p<0.05), respectively. Attachment of Ruminococcus flavefaciens also increased following enzyme treatment (p<0.05) after 6 and 12 h compared to that of the control (5.18±0.06 and 6.60±0.15); and R. albus attachment showed a significant increase compared to that of the control (5.94±0.15) after 6 h of incubation (p<0.05). Probiotic treatment increased attachment of F. succinogenes in comparison with untreated rice straw after 6 h and 12 h of fermentation (p<0.05); R. flavefaciens attachment showed an increase only after 6 h of culture (p<0.05); R. albus was not affected. Attachment of F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens, and R. albus increased with ammonia treatment after 6 h and 12 h (p<0.05). Dry matter digestibility was higher after the enzyme treatment (3.45±0.21 and 7.04±0.09) than in the control group(1.85±0.08 and 3.94±0.04) after 6 and 12 h of in vitro culture (p<0.05), respectively. It was also higher than that of untreated rice straw after probiotic and ammonia treatments (p<0.05). There was an increase in the enhancement levels of bacterial adhesion depending on the type of fibrolytic bacteria following enzyme, probiotic, and ammonia treatment. These treatments improved digestibility. This enhancement is considered to be greater following enzyme and ammonia treatments than with probiotics.

Basidiomycetous fungi are one of the most potent biodegraders because many of its species grow on dead wood or litter, in environments rich in lignocellulose. For the degradation of lignocellulose, basidiomycetes utilize their lignocellulytic enzymes, which typically include laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), lignin peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), and cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4). In recent years, the practical applications of basidiomycetes have ranged from the textile to the pulp and paper industries, and from food applications to bioremediation processes and industrial enzymatic saccharification of biomass. Recently, spent mushroom substrates of edible mushrooms have been used as sources of bulk enzymes to decolorize synthetic dyes in textile wastewater. In this review, the occurrence, mode of action, general properties, and production of lignocellulytic enzymes from mushroom species will be discussed. We will also discuss the potential applications of these enzymes

본 연구는 섬유소분해 효소제를 공급수준에 따라 비육전기 및 비육후기 한우 거세우에 적용하였을 때 성장 및 도체성적에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시험동물은 비육전기 및 비육후기 거세우로 각각 54두씩 총 108두를 대상으로 하였으며, 시험 개시 시 공시된 비육전기 및 후기 거세우의 평균체중은 각각 397.4±27.2(평균 17개월령), 525.2±47.4kg(23개월령) 이었다. 시험사료는 비육전기사료와 비육후기 사료를 구분하여 대조구 사료에 섬유소분해 효소제 0.05(E0.05, L0.05), 0.15% (E0.05, L0.15)를 첨가한 비육전기 및 비육후기 각각 3처리구에 각 처리당 6마리씩 3반복으로 완전임의배치하여 실시하였다. 비육후기 한우 거세우에서 농후사료 섭취량은 대조구와 L0.15구에서 L0.05와비교하여 증가하였으며, 총 건물섭취량 역시 동일한 결과를 나타냈다(p<0.001). 반면, 비육전기 및 후기 한우 거세우 모두 증체량 및 사료효율은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 한편 비육후기 거세우의 도체특성은 L0.05와 L0.15구에서 대조구와 비교하여 지방색이 유의하게 높은 것으로 조사되었다 (p<0.01). 등심조직의 지방산 분석은 대조구와 처리구는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결과적으로 본 시험에 사용된 섬유소 분해효소의 비육기 한우 거세우에 대한 첨가효과는 등심의 지방색이 짙어진 것을 제외하고 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 추후 볏짚 위주의 조사료 급여체계에서 효소제 첨가수준 및 효소역가에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

합성배지에서 저온성 느타리(Pleurotus ostreatus 201)의 섬유소 분해효소 생산이 미치는 배양조건 및 탄소원의 영향을 검토하였다. 효소생산에 최적인 배양온도와 배지 pH는 avicelase가 25℃, 5.5이었고 CMCase는 30℃, 5.0 이었으며 β-glucosidase는 30℃, 6.5이었다. Avicelase와 CMCase 활성은 9일 배양하였을 때 최대치를 보였으며 β-glucosidase 활성은 18일 배양하였을 때가 가장 높았다. 탄소원 중에서 avicelase생산은 cellulose powder, CMCase생산은 Na-CMC, β-glucosidase생산은 cellobiose를 첨가하였을 때 가장 좋았다. 효소 생산은 cellulose powder 1.0%에서 가장 양호하였으며 glucose는 농도의 증가에 따라 현저하게 감소되었다.

Background : Bamboo fiber contains 97% of dietary insoluble fiber from mature bamboo shoots. Bamboo contains phytosterols and a high amount of fiber which can be labelled as nutraceuticals or natural medicines that are attracting attention from the aspect of health. This study was conducted for the production of dietary fiber from Sinoarundinaria nigra, S (S. nigra) shoots barks by using α-amylase, alcalase, glucoamylase or Viscozyme and improvement of Large intestinal function in rats. Methods and Results : Yields of enzymatic degradation were 80.5% (322 g/400g) and the dietary fiver content of the enzyme digest was 69.7%. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diet containing 100 ㎎/㎏ and 200 ㎎/㎏ S. nigra dietary fibers [dietary fiver of bamboo shoots barks (SNDFB)] for one weeks. As a result of weighing of the fecal pellets, loperamide alone group showed a significant decrease compared with the control group, and it was significantly increased in test group (200 ㎎/㎏-SNDFB) compared to loperamide alone group. In addition, the measurement of gastrointestinal charcoal transit ratio in rats, loperamide alone group showed a significant decrease compared with the control group, and it was significantly increased in all the test substance groups compared to loperamide alone group. The number of remnant fecal pellets in the colon after dissection was significantly increased in the loperamide alone group compared to the control group, and was significantly decreased in the test substance groups compared to loperamide alone group. Conclusion : These results suggest that dietary fiber isolated from S. nigra has a marked effect on the improvement of bowel function in rats with loperamide (4 ㎎/㎏)-induced constipation.

Background : The hypoglycemic effects of mulberry leaves extract were evaluated by comparing the abilities on glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Glucose uptake of the extracts were identified to be enhanced by bio-conversion using cellulolytic enzyme like Viscozyme. Methods and Results : The mulberry (Morus alba L) leaves were extracted with 30% ethanol or hot water. The hypoglycemic compounds such as Moracin C and, Quercetin and 1-Deoxynojirimycin were identified from the extracts of mulberry leaves. The extracts were fermented using kinds of celluolytic enzymes, which were vicozyme, pectinase, β-glucosidase and xylanase, in order to increase the contents of hypoglycemic constituents in the extracts. The hypoglycemic effects of the fermented extracts were evaluated by comparing the abilities on glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocyte. The extracts of mulberry leaves fermented with only Viscozyme were identified to increase glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocyte by supplement of the concentration of 10 μM extracts, compared to insulin as control. However, bio-conversion effects by other enzymes were not shown in the treatments, suggesting hypoglycemic constituents in the extracts of mulberry leaves can be conversed to more active compounds by cellulolytic enzyme treatment like viscozyme. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that the hypoglycemic constituents in mulberry leaves extracts can be conversed to more active compounds by cellulolytic enzymes.