국토교통부는 2020년 '결빙 취약구간 평가 세부 배점표’에 따라, 전국의 고속국도와 일반국도를 대상으로 410개 구간의 결빙 취약구 간을 선정하였다. 그러나, 2021년 감사원의 결빙 취약구간 지정 적정성 감사 결과에서 감사원은 현재 지정ㆍ관리 중인 결빙 취약구간 및 결빙 취약구간 평가 세부 배점표의 적정성에 문제를 제기하였다. 이에, 국토교통부는 결빙 취약구간을 재지정하여 발표하였으나 그 에 대한 평가 및 지정 적정성 검증이 아직 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 결빙 취약구간과 결빙사고 데이터의 위치정보를 수집하여 GIS(Geographic Information System) 데이터로 구축하고 맵핑(Mapping)하여 결빙 취약구간 내 결빙사고이력을 확인함으로서 결빙 취약구간의 결빙사고 예측성능을 평가하였다. 또한, 각 결빙 사고 발생지점에서 도로시설, 교통, 선형구조, 환경인자 데이터를 수집하여 분석한다. 이를 통해 결빙사고와 각 인자 간의 상관성을 파 악하고, 그 결과에 따라 결빙 취약구간 평가 세부 배점표의 평가항목 및 각 항목별 배점을 수정하고 보완함으로써 결빙 취약구간의 신뢰성을 제고한다.

본 연구는 가선집재시스템에서 벌도목을 견인 시작 지점에서 Yarder까지 안전하게 운반할 수 있는 최대 하중인 가선경로상의 허용반송량을 분석하여, 가선집재 작업에 필요한 의사결정을 지원하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 허용반송량의 변화를 예측하는 모델을 구현하고, 가선집재시스템 구동에 주요 인자인 지형조건, Yader의 높이, 가선의 직경, 벌도목의 견인형태 및 작업방식에 대한 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 가선 설치계획에 있어 오목한 지형을 선택하는 것이 안전성과 효율성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 Yarder의 높이나 Wire rope의 직경, 벌도목의 견인형태 및 시스템의 작업방법과 같은 시스템을 구성하는 여러 요인에 의해 작업 생산량이 달라지는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 가선의 설치경로에 대한 허용반송량 분석의 필요성과 시스템의 다양한 구동 요인에 대한 평가가 가선집재시스템의 국내 현장 적용 및 보급에 필요함을 보여준다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to statistically analyze the meteorological factors that contribute to the formation of road surface icing based on actual cases of icing accidents and provide directions for improving icing evaluation criteria. METHODS : In this study, we collected cases of domestic road icing accidents by searching news articles with the keyword ‘icing collision accidents’. Subsequently, we determined the latitude, longitude, and altitude of accident locations using satellite map service. We applied the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method and temperature lapse rate to estimate meteorological data at each location. Finally, statistical analysis was conducted for temperature, humidity, and precipitation occurrence using probability density functions. RESULTS : As a result, road icing accident data points with identifiable location coordinates were collected. Among these, temperature, humidity, and precipitation occurrence from Automated Weather Stations (AWS) data were selected for analysis. During the process of correcting meteorological factors using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method, the optimal Weighting Exponent (p) that minimizes the error was determined and applied. The results showed that accidents occurring in the morning indicated the highest accident occurrence rate. The average temperature at the time of the accidents was -1.4°C, with a humidity level of 85.1%. Precipitation was observed at the time of the accident in 19 cases. CONCLUSIONS : Icing on pavement can occur not only under extreme weather conditions but also under typical meteorological conditions. Typically, icing can occur when the relative humidity is above 70%. Accordingly, for future improvements in the evaluation criteria for icing-prone areas by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, it is possible to incorporate the temperature and humidity ranges that generally lead to icing, taking into account climate characteristics.

Approximately 40,000 elevators are installed every year in Korea, and they are used as a convenient means of transportation in daily life. However, the continuous increase in elevators has a social problem of increased safety accidents behind the functional aspect of convenience. There is an emerging need to induce preemptive and active elevator safety management by elevator management entities by strengthening the management of poorly managed elevators. Therefore, this study examines domestic research cases related to the evaluation items of the elevator safety quality rating system conducted in previous studies, and develops a statistical model that can examine the effect of elevator maintenance quality as a result of the safety management of the elevator management entity. We review two types: odds ratio analysis and logistic regression analysis models.

PURPOSES : In this study, we aim to broaden the understanding of the factors influencing the accuracy of WIM systems for overload enforcement. Particularly, we explored the proportions and causes of secondary influencing factors (driving path, vehicle class, and acceleration), which have been relatively less studied and reduced the accuracy of the WIM system. METHODS : Overload enforcement data were recorded by the WIM system, and enforcement officers were gathered. The ratios of each data point, which are the relative errors, are used to estimate the accuracy of the WIM system. These relative errors were classified into four driving-path groups, four vehicle-class groups, and three acceleration groups. The change in the accuracy of the WIM system caused by each influencing factor was analyzed by comparing the difference in the average relative error between the classified groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Welch's ANOVA were used to determine significant differences between groups. RESULTS : Vehicles departing from a normal driving path make it difficult for the GVW compensation algorithm of the WIM system to operate properly. For these abnormal paths, the standard deviation of the average GVW relative error was 22%. There was no specific trend in the difference in accuracy by vehicle class. However, we found that the rear axle and retractable axle were the main causes of the reduced GVW accuracy in each vehicle class. The average GVW relative error remained the same regardless of the acceleration, but the average FAW relative error of the accelerated vehicle was approximately 2.5% lower than that of the unaccelerated vehicle. CONCLUSIONS : An abnormal driving path, lifting of a retractable axle, and rapid acceleration (or deceleration) reduce the accuracy of WIM systems. Intelligent transportation systems, such as traffic signals, telematics devices, and applications that induce desirable driving are required for effective overload enforcement. Additionally, it is necessary to smoothen the road pavement to minimize the dynamic effects on the rear axle.

SOCS3, a suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, is known as a negative regulator of various cytokines and a tumor suppressor gene in human tumors. This study aimed to investigate the role of SOCS3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its impact on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC cells. Although SOCS3 is recognized as a negative regulator of various cytokines and a tumor suppressor gene in human tumors, its specific effects on OSCC remain poorly understood. For the assessment of SOCS3 expression in OSCC, the UALCAN website and TCGA data were used to evaluate its expression in head and neck cancer. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining was conducted to determine the SOCS3 expression specifically in OSCC. The findings indicated a significant decrease in SOCS3 expression in tumor tissue compared to that in normal tissues. To investigate the enhancement of SOCS3 expression in OSCC cancer cell lines, IL6 treatment was administered to MC3 cells. However, no significant differences were observed in cell viability, wound healing assay, and invasion assay. Conversely, the transfection of SOCS3 siRNA into OSCC cells led to a notable increase in cell viability and statistically significant increases in wound healing and invasion assays. These results suggest that SOCS3 plays a crucial role in cell viability and EMT in OSCC, thereby contributing to oral carcinogenesis. Further research is necessary to elucidate the precise role of SOCS3 in OSCC.

Complaints about foul odors are emerging as an issue, and the number of complaints is steadily increasing every year. Biofiltration is known to remove harmful or odorous substances from the atmosphere by using microorganisms, and full-scale biofilters are being installed and operated in various environmental and industrial facilities. In this study, the current status and actual odor removal efficiency of full-scale biofilters installed in publicly owned treatment facilities such as sewage, manure, and livestock manure treatment plants were investigated. In addition, the effects of design and operating factors on their efficiency were also examined. As a result, it was found that odor prevention facilities with less than 30% odor removal efficiency based on complex odors accounted for 40%-50% of the biofilters investigated. In investigating the appropriate level of operating factors on odor removal efficiency, it was found that compliance with the recommended values p lays a significant role in improving odor removal efficiency. In the canonical correlation analysis for the on-site biofilter operation and design data, residence time and humidity were found to be the most critical factors. The on-site biofilter operation and design data were analyzed through canonical correlation analysis, and the residence time and humidity maintenance were found to be the most important factors in the design and operations of the biofilter. Based on these results, it is necessary to improve the odor removal efficiency of on-site biofilters by reviewing the effectiveness of the operation factors, improving devices, and adjusting operating methods.

This study measured the suspended fungal concentration in indoor multiple facilities nationwide. The regions were selected as representative cities by region: Seoul, Gyeonggi (Incheon), Gangwon, Gwangju, Daejeon, and Busan. A total of 2028 regional comparisons, including department stores, schools, public toilets, libraries, and banks, subway, sports facilities and comparative analysis were conducted for each multi-use facility industry. Among the nationwide, Among the regions, the average concentration of floating mold in indoor multi-use facilities was the lowest in Busan at 394.67 CFU/m3, followed by Gyeonggi and Incheon 487.90 CFU/m3, Seoul 542.84 CFU/m3, Daejeon 809.30 CFU/m3, Gangwon 1,145.22 CFU/m3, Gwangju was 1,371.10 CFU/m3 in the order. Busan was the lowest, and Gangwon was the highest. The reason that Busan, which has a high average temperature and population density, shows a lower mold concentration than Gangwon, is that floating mold in the indoor air is not affected by the external atmospheric environment, population density, and number of facility users. Although it cannot be said that there is no influence of the atmospheric environment, it was found that the indoor environment has different characteristics from the outdoor environment. The importance of air quality management has been confirmed, and further, it is necessary to subdivide the management standards by region and multi-use facilities, and the management standards need to be converted to maintenance rather than recommendations.

As modern society has emerged and developed, the subway has established itself as a representative means of transportation in the city due to its speed, accuracy, and accessibility. According to the Indoor Air Quality Management Act, underground stations have established and managed the maintenance and recommendation standards for PM10, PM2.5, CO2, CO, HCHO, NO2, Rn, VOCs However, th the standards for airborne mold has not been applied for subway stations even though management for the health effect of exposure to mold is necessay. In this study, the correlation with major contributing factors was analyzed by measuring the concentration of airborne molds in the indoor air of underground stations and through literature research. It was confirmed that there was a correlation between the concentration of airborne molds in subway stations and the major contributing factors. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the concentration of airborne molds became higher as the location of the platform became deeper underground, during periods of congestion, and especially in summer. There was no significant correlation with the year of construction. Our findings indicate that appropriate management measures should be devised in response to such contributing factors.

본 연구는 딸기 온실 내부의 방대한 환경인자를 활용하여 판별분석을 실시하고 딸기의 재배 베드 단수에 따른 온실 내부의 환경인자를 분석함으로 써, 딸기 분야에서 계측된 데이터의 활용성을 높이기 위한 기초자료로 활용할 목적으로 수행하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 환경인자별(온도, 습도, 이산화탄소 농도, EC 및 pH) 동질성 검정의 유의확률은 각각 0.0001, 8.2788E-38, 4.3310E-85, 1.3001E-16 및 0.0001로서 설정한 유의수준 0.05보다 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 분석결과 판별함수식은 F(x)1 = –60.5664 -0.1339×Temperature –0.0087×Humidity +0.0018×CO2 +0.1014×EC +8.3860×pH, F(x)2 = –12.4928 +0.1963×Temperature –0.0024×Humidity +0.0254×CO2 –0.0187×EC –0.3651×pH로 도출되었다. 판별함수식의 정확도는 대상 온실 A (81.1%) 및 B (96.1%)보다 대상 온실 C (100.0%)에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 예측 가능한 대상 온실별(A, B 및 C) 분류함수는 각각 – 1836.7035 – 2.8733×Temperature + 0.1355×Humidity + 0.4186×CO2 + 7.4351×EC + 484.5901×pH, – 1710.8369 – 2.7701×Temperature + 0.1550×Humidity + 0.3937×CO2 + 7.2482×EC + 468.1477×pH, – 2291.7125 - 3.9756×Temperature + 0.0723× Humidity + 0.4177×CO2 + 8.1961×EC + 546.8476×pH로 나타났다. 특히 판별함수식을 근거로 환경인자별 새로운 측정값이나 자료를 입력하였을 때, 특정 그룹으로 분류가 가능함으로써 데이터의 특징을 파악할 수 있다. 이러한 환경인자는 식별을 용이하게 함으로써 환경인자 측정값의 활용도를 높여주는 방법이라고 판단된다.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to develop regression models for surface distress (SD), rut depth (RD), and international roughness index (IRI) of Jeju Island local road by analyzing the correlations between the pavement performance and its influencing factors. METHODS : First, the differences between pavements in inland Korea and Jeju Island in terms of performance and influencing factors were investigated. Influencing factors were assigned to pavement sections on Jeju Island using the inverse distance weighting method, and the correlations between the pavement performance and influencing factors were analyzed. As a result, maximum temperature, heat wave days, annual temperature range, precipitation days, precipitation intensity, ESAL, etc. were determined as independent variables for the pavement performance prediction models. Multiple regression analysis was performed to develop the pavement performance models using the selected independent variables. RESULTS : The RD, maximum temperature, and precipitation days were determined to be the independent variables for the SD predictive model. The SD, maximum temperature, annual temperature range, heat wave days, and precipitation days were selected as independent variables of the RD prediction model. In addition, the RD, annual temperature range, heat wave days, precipitation days, and ESAL were selected as independent variables for the IRI prediction model. CONCLUSIONS : As a result of the study, an actual forecast model for SD, RD, and IRI was developed. Based on this model, it is possible to estimate the predictive value of the missing performance data in the studied interval. If the factors affecting performance are managed in terms of maintenance beyond a certain level, it can help those responsible for road maintenance to rationally select the maintenance method and timing.

This paper analyzed the correlation between injection molding factors through correlation analysis. In addition, the decision-tree model, which is a white box model with excellent explanatory power, was used to obtain optimal molding conditions that satisfy multiple constraint conditions. First, 243 data to be used in the experiment were created through a full factorial design. Second, a correlation analysis was conducted to understand the correlation. Third, to verify the decision-tree model, the prediction performance was evaluated using RMSE. As a result, good prediction performance was confirmed. A decision-tree experiment analysis was conducted. As a result of the progress, the same results as the correlation analysis were derived. Based on the previous analysis results, optimal molding conditions were applied to CAE. As a result, the amount of deformation in the multi-cavity could be improved by about 1.1% and 2.72% while satisfying the constraint.

본 연구는 우리나라에서 발생된 57개의 땅밀림지를 대상으로 땅밀림의 내부요인인 지질특성을 분석하여 땅밀림지에 영향을 미치는 지질 인자를 찾아내기 위해 실시하였다. 발생한 57개소의 땅밀림지 규모는, 평균 폭 208.2 m (52.8m ~ 1,001.3m), 평균길이 200.3 m (22.1m ~ 920.6m), 평균깊이 3.9 m (0.2m ~ 47.8m)이었다. 땅밀림지의 지질 시대는 백악기가 23개소(약 40.4%)에서 가장 많이 발생하였으며, 경상누층군에서 가장 많이 발생하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 상관분석 결과, 땅밀림이 발생한 피해지의 폭과 길이, 길이와 깊이는 1% 수준에서 유의한 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 지층과 주 구성암석 그리고 누층군과 지층, 주 구성암석과는 상관분석결과 1% 수준에서 유의한 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 땅밀림지는 퇴적암지역이 가장 많았다. 땅밀림 발생유형은 붕적토땅밀림, 풍화암땅밀림, 점질토땅밀림, 암반땅밀림 순으로 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 땅밀림이 우려되는 지질적인 요인을 가진 지역에 대해서는 개발 등에 대한 신중한 검토와 사전 조사평가가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.