Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) have been recognized as an effective seismic-force resisting systems due to their excellent strength and stiffness characteristics. The infill steel plate in a SPSW is constrained by a boundary frame consisting of vertical and horizontal structural members. The main purpose of this study was to investigate deformation modes and hysteretic characteristics of steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) to consider the effects of their aspect ratios and width-to-thicness ratios. The finite element model (FEM) was establish in order to simulate cyclic responses of SPSWs which have the two-side clamped boundary condition and made of conventional steel grade. The stress distribution obtained from the FEA results demonstrated that the principal stresses on steel plate with large thickness-to-width ratio were more uniformly distributed along its horizontal cross section due to the formation of multiple struts.

Code-compliant seismic design should be essentially applied to realize the so-called emulative performance of precast concrete (PC) lateral force-resisting systems, and this study developed simple procedures to design precast industrial buildings with intermediate precast bearing wall systems considering both the effect of seismic and blast loads. Seismic design provisions specified in ACI 318 and ASCE 7 can be directly adopted, for which the so-called 1.5S y condition is addressed in PC wall-to-wall and wall-to-base connections. Various coupling options were considered and addressed in the seismic design of wall-to-wall connections for the longitudinal and transverse design directions to secure optimized performance and better economic feasibility. On the other hand, two possible methods were adopted in blast analysis: 1) Equivalent static analysis (ESA) based on the simplified graphic method and 2) Incremental dynamic time-history analysis (IDTHA). The ESA is physically austere to use in practice for a typical industrial PC-bearing wall system. Still, it showed an overestimating trend in terms of the lateral deformation. The coupling action between precast wall segments appears to be inevitably required due to substantially large blast loads compared to seismic loads with increasing blast risk levels. Even with the coupled-precast shear walls, the design outcome obtained from the ESA method might not be entirely satisfactory to the drift criteria presented by the ASCE Blast Design Manual. This drawback can be overcome by addressing the IDTHA method, where all the design criteria were fully satisfied with precast shear walls’ non-coupling and group-coupling strength, where each individual or grouped shear fence was designed to possess 1.5S y for the seismic design.

The design shear strength equations of RC shear walls have been developed based on their performance under in-plane (IP) loads, thereby failing to account for the potential performance degradation of shear strength when subjected to simultaneous out-of-plane (OOP) loading. Most of the previous experimental studies on RC walls have been conducted in one direction under quasi-static conditions, and due to the difficulty in experimental planning, there is a lack of research on cyclic loading and results under multi-axial loading conditions. During an earthquake, shear walls may yield earlier than their design strength or fail unexpectedly when subjected to multi-directional forces, deviating from their intended failure mode. In this paper, nonlinear analysis in finite element models was performed based on the results of cyclic loading experiments on reinforced concrete shear walls of auxiliary buildings. To investigate the reduction trend in IP shear capacity concerning the OOP load ratio, parametric analysis was conducted using the shear wall FEM. The analysis results showed that as the magnitude of the OOP load increased, the IP strength decreased, with a more significant effect observed as the size of the opening increased. Thus, the necessity to incorporate this strength reduction as a factor for the OOP load effect in the wall design strength equation should be discussed by performing various parametric studies.

The current study investigates the seismic performance of shear-dominant RC columns retrofitted with iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe SMA). Three RC columns with insufficient transverse reinforcement were designed and fabricated for lateral cyclic loading tests. Before testing, two specimens were externally confined with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and self-prestressed Fe SMA strips. The test results showed that both CFRP and Fe SMA performed well in preventing severe shear failure exhibited by the unretrofitted control specimen. Furthermore, the two retrofitted specimens showed ductile flexural responses up to the drift ratios of ±8%. In terms of damage control, however, the Fe SMA confinement was superior to CFRP confinement in that the spalling of concrete was much less and that the rupture of confinement did not occur.

Understanding the behavior of soil under cyclic loading conditions is essential for assessing its response to seismic events and potential liquefaction. This study investigates the effect of non-plastic fines content (FC) on excess pore pressure generation in medium-density sand-silt mixtures subjected to strain-controlled cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests. The investigation is conducted by analyzing excess pore pressure (EPP) ratios and the number of cycles to liquefaction (Ncyc-liq) under varying shear strain levels and FC values. The study uses Jumunjin sand and silica silt with FC values ranging from 0% to 40% and shear strain levels of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. The findings indicate that the EPP ratio increases rapidly during loading cycles, with higher shear strain levels generating more EPP and requiring fewer cycles to reach liquefaction. At 1.0% and 0.5% shear strain levels, FC has a limited effect on Ncyc-liq. However, at a lower shear strain level of 0.2%, increasing FC from 0 to 10% reduces Ncyc-liq from 42 to 27, and as FC increases further, Ncyc-liq also increases. In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the behavior of soil under cyclic loading conditions. It highlights the significance of shear strain levels and FC values in excess pore pressure generation and liquefaction susceptibility.

For important structures such as nuclear power plants, In-Structure Response Spectrum (ISRS) analysis is essential because it evaluates the safety of equipment and components installed in the structure. Because most structures are asymmetric, the response can be affected by eccentricity. In the case of seismically isolated structures, this effect can be greater due to the difference between the center of mass of the structure and the center of rigidity of the isolator layer. Therefore, eccentricity effects must be considered when designing or evaluating the ISRS of seismically isolated structures. This study investigated the change of the ISRS of an isolated structure by assuming accidental eccentricity. The variables that affect the ISRS of the isolated structure were analyzed to see what additional impact they had due to eccentricity. The ISRS of the seismically isolated structure with eccentricity was amplified more than when there was non-eccentricity, and it was boosted more significantly in specific period ranges depending on the isolator’s initial stiffness and seismic intensity. Finally, whether the displacement requirement of isolators can be applied to the variation of the ISRS due to eccentricity in the design code was also examined.

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) exhibits superior tensile strength and corrosion resistance compared to steel but has a lower elasticity. Recently, researchers have addressed this by proposing composite sections of FRP and concrete. To ensure the intended composite behavior, these FRP–concrete sections should exhibit sufficient stress transfer between the two elements through a shear connection. Herein, various shear connection methods were proposed to improve the composite behavior of glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) plates and concrete. Through push-out tests, the behavior characteristics of the prepared specimens were analyzed. The findings confirm that an FRP shear key (FSK) with a small cross-section resists high shear stresses, making it suitable for sections vulnerable to damage from bolt drilling. Additionally, combining an FSK with bolts as shear connectors on a GFRP plate proves beneficial in preventing the fracture of the plate and improving the shear resistance.

본 논문에서는 유한요소해석 프로그램을 통해 파괴 거동 유형별 철근콘크리트 기둥 및 폭발 하중을 모델링하였으며, 실제 실험과 의 동적 응답을 비교하여 모델의 적합성을 입증하였다. 개발한 모델을 이용하여 폭발 하중에 대한 부재의 동적 응답을 확인하기 위해 폭발 하중 시나리오를 설정하였으며 해당 시나리오별 폭발 하중에 대한 시간에 따른 변위 및 응력 결과를 도출하였다. 동적 응답을 통 해 폭발 하중에 대한 기둥의 성능평가(Ductility, Residual)를 수행하였으며 이를 비교 및 분석하였다.

In this study, considering the expansion/contraction behavior of the upper structure at all times and the abnormal behavior of the receiving friction elements that allow horizontal movement during earthquakes, a port receiving test body simulating the protrusion of the friction elements was created and the modulus performance was evaluated. In order to confirm the influence of the friction element's projection, the friction element's degree of separation was divided into four stages, and the shear behavior of the test specimen and the friction coefficient were confirmed. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the friction load increases as the protrusion degree of the friction element increases. On the other hand, as the degree of protrusion of the coefficient of friction increases, the coefficient of friction also increases. It was confirmed that damage to the friction elements during use increases the coefficient of friction, hinders smooth expansion and contraction of the upper structure, and causes stress concentration at the fixed-end support.

In order to respond to environmental pollution, developed countries, including Korea, have begun to conduct research to utilize hydrogen energy. For mass transfer of hydrogen energy, storage as liquid hydrogen is advantageous, and in this case, the volume can be reduced to 1/800. As such, the transportation technology of liquefied hydrogen for ships is expected to be needed in the near future, but there is no commercialized method yet. This study is a study on the technology to test the performance of the components constituting the membrane type storage container in a cryogenic environment as a preparation for the above. It is a study to find a way to respond by analyzing in advance the problems that may occur during the shear test of adhesives. Through this study, the limitations of ISO4587 were analyzed, and in order to cope with this, the specimen was supplemented so that fracture occurred in the adhesive, not the adhesive gripper, by using stainless steel, a low-temperature steel, to reinforce the thickness. Based on this, shear evaluation was performed under conditions lowered to minus 243℃, and it was confirmed that the breaking strength was higher at cryogenic temperatures.

Recently, a novel cast-in specialty insert was developed in Korea as an anchor for lightweight pipe supports, including fire-protection pipes. As these pipe supports and anchors play a critical role in transferring loads of fire-protection pipes to structural members, it is crucial to evaluate their seismic performance before applying the newly developed insert. In this study, the seismic shear performance of the insert anchors was evaluated through cyclic loading tests based on the loading protocols of ACI 355.2 and FEMA 461. Initially, five monotonic loading tests were conducted on the insert anchors in cracked concrete, followed by cyclic loading tests based on the monotonic test results. The findings revealed that the insert anchors exhibited negligible decrease in shear strength even after cyclic loading. Furthermore, a comparison of the maximum load and displacement of the insert anchors obtained under the loading protocols of ACI 355.2 and FEMA 461 was performed to investigate the applicability of the FEMA 461 loading protocol for anchor performance evaluation.

As the time and cost of body repair can be greatly incurred due to differences in individual technologies, body repair technology should be discussed based on data on general working standards and costs, and as new material technology is applied to the body, continuous learning and experiment on vehicle body repair technology is essential. Since the left and right apron and side members with SPR bonding technology are made of different materials, aluminum and high-strength steel, the restoration of the left and right apron side members should be considered technically, as well as safety and environmental pollution. In this study, we experiment with heterogeneous apron and side members applied with SPR bonding and analyze the results.

PSC거더 합성교량에 있어 노후(손상)된 바닥판을 교체할 경우에는 기존에 설치된 철근 전단연결재의 손상과 함께 파 쇄에 따른 소음 및 비산먼지 등이 많이 발생한다. 이러한 환경적 문제와 함께 교체공사 기간이 길어져 경제적 비용 또한 크게 증가한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 PSC거더에 매립되지만 쉽게 분리할 수 있는 분리식 전단연결재를 제안 하였다. 제안한 분리식 전단연결재의 전단강도성능과 파괴거동을 확인하기 위해 유한요소해석을 통한 변수연구와 함께 수평전 단실험을 수행하였다. 해석연구를 통해 T-sleeve 하부에 Y형상의 테이퍼진 면을 갖는 경우에 볼트체결력에 따른 쐐기효과로 인 해 T-sleeve와 볼트 사이의 제작 공차가 있더라도 초기 슬립이 발생하지 않고 충분한 초기강성을 확보하는 것을 확인하였다. 또 한, 전단연결재의 배치 방향에 따른 영향은 전단성능에 영향을 주지 않는 것을 확인하였다. DY전단연결재는 기존 방식인 철근 전단연결재 모델과 비교실험을 통해 전단강도성능은 동등 이상을 확보하고 있으며, 슬립변위량 또한 연성설계기준인 6mm 이상 을 만족하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제안된 분리식 전단연결재는 추가적으로 합성거더 실험 등의 검증을 거친다면 노후 바닥판의 철거 및 교체에 유용한 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

교량 인프라는 국민의 경제와 사회적 활동에 반드시 필요한 물리적 기반시설이고, 국민의 안전과 편의성에 직결되는 시설이므로 국민의 입장에서 편익을 고려해야 한다. 교량의 구성요소 중 바닥판은 교량 전체의 생애주기 동안 필연적으로 교체 시기가 도래하고 파손 등으로 인한 부분 교체도 빈번하게 이루어지고 있다. 바닥판 교체공사 시 거더와 바닥판을 합성하는 기 존 용접 전단연결재의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 볼트 접합 전단연결재(DY볼트)는 바닥판 철거 공정에서 파쇄를 최소화하고 교 체공사를 위한 전단연결재 재시공이 용이하여 공사 기간을 기존 대비 단축할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 공사기간 중 도로차 단으로 인해 발생하는 도로이용자비용을 산출하여 기존 공법과 비교하는 방법으로 볼트 접합 전단연결재를 적용한 강합성 교량 의 경제성을 도로이용자(국민) 입장에서 분석하였다.

콘크리트 바닥판의 파손 등으로 인하여 강합성 거더 교량의 생애주기가 짧아짐에 따라 프리캐스트 바닥판을 사용한 모듈화 공법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나, 바닥판의 해체 시 발생하는 분진 및 소음으로 인한 환경적 측면에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 기존 용접 스터드 볼트를 대체할 수 있는 볼트 접합 전단연결재의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 정적강도 실험 및 피로강도 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 200만 회 피로하중에 대하여 실험체의 균열 및 파괴 양상은 관측되지 않았으며, 이후 실시한 잔류강도 실험 또한 정적강도 실험과 동일한 것으로 확인되었다.