고지방식이에 의해 유도한 비만모델동물에서 지장김치의 혈액 중 유해 지질 감소, 항비만 효능 및 그 작용 메카니즘을 조사하였다. 4개의 처리구는 CD(일반식이를 섭취한 정상 대조구, chow diet as normal control), HFD(고지방식이를 섭취한 비만 대조구, high fat diet as obesity), HFDCK(고지방식이+일반김치 추출물 투여구), HFDJK(고지방식이+지장김치 추출물 투여구)로 구분하여 김치추출물을 28일 동안 경구투여 하였다. 체중, 간 및 지방조직 무게는 비만모델동물에서 HFDJK가 HFDCK에 비해서 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈액 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-C, 혈당은 HFD와 비교할 때 CD, HFDJK, HFDCK의 순서대로 낮았으며 HFDJK는 HFDCK에 비해 낮았다(p<0.05). 간 및 지방세포의 크기는 HFD, HFDCK, HFDJK의 순서대로 증가하였으며 HFDJK는 HFDCK에 비해서 크게 낮았다(p<0.05). 결과는 비만모델동물에서 지장김치의 섭취가 일반김치에 비해서 혈액 지질과 혈당을 낮추고 지방세포의 크기를 줄여줌으로써 항비만 효능을 갖는다는 점을 나타낸다.

본 연구는 차세대 랫드에서 혈액 지질 감소에 관한 식이 내 오메가 6와 3 지방산 비율의 생 화학적 메카니즘을 조사하였다. 실험처리군은 오메가 6:오메가 3비율 0 (대조구), 1:1, 8:1, 19:1로 구 분하였다. 혈액 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도지질단백질(LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose의 수준은 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율 1:1 그룹에서 가장 낮았다. 혈액 고밀도지질단백질(HDL-C), 인지질의 수준은 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율 1:1 그룹이 가장 높았다. HMG-CoA reductase activity는 전체 저리구 가운데 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율 1:1, 8:1 그룹에서 가장 강하게 억제되었으나 분을 통한 스테롤의 배설량은 촉진되었다. 혈액 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율은 섭취한 식이 내 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율 증가에 따른 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. 본 연구결과는 부모 세대로 부터 차세대 랫드에 이르기까지 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율이 8:1 이하로 낮아진 식이를 섭취하면 영양소 대사작용 활성화 메카니즘에 의한 혈액 중 유해지질 감소, 간 기능 유지 및 성장을 자극한다는 새로운 사실을 나타낸다.

본 연구는 고콜레스테롤 식이를 섭취한 랫드에서 파리유충 에탄올추출물(Ethanolic extract of fly maggot, EM)의 경구투여가 혈액 지질감소에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Sprague-Dawley 수컷 랫드를 이용하여 4 처리구(EM 투여량; 대조군=0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 mg/100 g 체중)로 구분해서 6주 동안 진행하였다. EM 투여군은 대조군과 비교할 때 혈청 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-C가 유의하게 낮았다 (p<0.05). HMG-CoA reductase activity는 대조군과 비교할 때 EM 투여군에서 낮았으나 총스테롤, 중성스테롤 및 담즙산 배설량은 EM 투여군에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). EM의 혈액 콜레스테롤 감소와 관련한 생물학적 작용기작을 규명하기 위해서 고콜레스테롤 식이를 섭취한 랫드에서 유도된 생체유전자 sterol response element binding proteins (SREBPs) 및 the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα) 발현을 측정하였다. EM은 고콜레스테롤 식이를 공급받은 랫드의 간에서 SREBP-1α, SREBP-2 mRNA 발현을 억압함과 동시에 PPARα mRNA 발현을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 본 연구의 결과는 파리유충 에탄올추출물이 고콜레스테롤 식이를 섭취한 랫드에서 지질대사와 관련한 생화학적 매개변수 및 유전자발현 조절을 통하여 혈액 콜레스테롤을 낮춘다는 새로운 사실을 발견하였다.

This experiment evaluated the interaction effect of extreme heat diet(EHD), inverse lighting, and cool water on the growth performance of broiler chickens under extreme heat stress. There were 4 experimental groups (T1: EHD 1, 10:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-10:00 light, cold water 9℃; T2: EHD 2, 10:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-10:00 light, cold water 9℃; T3: EHD 1, 09:00-18:00 dark, 18:00-09:00 light, cold water 14℃; T4: EHD 2, 09:00-18:00 dark, 18:00-09:00 light, cold water 14℃), each group composed of 25 broilers and the experiment was repeated 3 times. EHD 1 contained soybean oil, molasses, methionine and lysine. EHD 2 contained all nutrients of EHD 1 and vitamin C additionally. As a result, T1 and T2 displayed higher body weight increase and diet intake compared to T3 and T4 (p<0.05). The weights of their liver and gizzard were similar but the weights of the thymus and bursa F were higher for T1 and T2 compared to that of T3 and T4 (p<0.05). It was observed that T1 and T2 displayed higher concentrations of blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and blood sugar compared to that of T3 and T4 but LDL-C level was higher for T3 and T4 compared to that of T1 and T2 (p<0.05). T1 and T2 displayed higher levels of immunity substances such as IgG, IgA and IgM compared to T3 and T4 but the blood level of corticosterone displayed to be lower for T1 and T2 compared to T3 and T4 (p<0.05). The T1 and T2 contained a higher amount of fecal lactobacillus compared to that of T3 and T4 but the T3 and T4 contained a higher amount of fecal E. coli, total aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria compared o that of T1 and T2 (p<0.05). T1 and T2 displayed higher concentrations of cecal acetic acid, ropionic acid and total short chain fatty acids compared to T3 and T4 but T3 and T4 displayed igher concentrations of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid compared to T1 and T2 (p<0.05). These results have been observed that broiler chickens exposed to extreme eat stress with feeding EHD, inverse lighting and cold water would improve blood lipid, and elevate the production of immunity substance, beneficial microorganisms, and short chain fatty acids. This provision would also reduce the blood sugar consumption rate as energy sources and these effects will improve the growth performance of the broilers exposed to extreme heat.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding the broilers that are exposed to extreme heat stress by control of inverse lighting times with night restricted feeding of extreme heat diet(EHD1, 2: extreme heat diet) containing different amount of soy oil, molasses, amino acids and vitamin C on short chain fatty acid and blood lipid profile. 300 broiler chickens(Abaica strain) were randomized into four dietary treatment groups according to a randomized block design on the day they were hatched. The four dietary treatment groups were: T1(EHD 1, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00〜10:00 Light), T2(EHD 2, 10:00〜19:00 Dark, 19:00〜 10:00 Light), T3(EHD 1, 09:00〜18:00 Dark, 18:00〜09:00 Light), T4(EHD 2, 09:00〜18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light). The body weight gain of the broilers was highest in T2, and high in order T1, T4, T3(p<0.05). Weights of the lymphoid organ, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were high in T1, T2 as compared to T3, T4 but spleen was lower in T4 than T1, T2, T3(p<0.05). Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol and glucose were higher in T1, T2 than T3, T4(p<0.05). LDL-C was high in orderT4, T3, T2, T1 but HDL-C showed the opposite trend(p<0.05). Blood concentrations of IgG, IgG and IgM were higher in T1, T2 than inT3, T4, but the corticosterone concentration decreased significantly in them. In T1 and T2, Lactobacillus in the feces increased, but total aerobic bacteria, E.coli, coliform bacteria was decreased rather significantly, compared with those in T3 and T4(p<0.05). Concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA in cecum were high in order T2, T1, T3, T4, but butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid were lower in T1, T2 than in T3, T4 (p<0.05).

본 연구는 연속조명과 함께 폭염 스트레스(extreme heat stress, EHS)에 노출된 브로일러에서 폭염사료 급여가 혈액지질, 성장능력, 면역기관, 혈청 면역물질, 맹장 미생물 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 일반 환경온도 (25℃) 또는 폭염스트레스 (33±2℃)하에서 사육한 병아리는 일반사료(chow diet, CD)와 폭염사료(extreme heat diet, EHD)를 섭취하였다. 부화 당일 Ross 308 병아리 500 마리를 5 처리구 4 반복(반복 펜 당 25 마리)으로 완전임의배치 하였다. T1 (일반환경+CD), T2 (EHS+CD), T3 (EHS+CD 내 우지를 대두유로 대체 및 당밀 5%를 함유하는 EHD), T4 (EHS+CD 내 우지를 대두유로 대체, 당밀 5%, 메치오닌과 라이신을 각각 CD 의 1.5 배씩 함유하는 EHD), T5 (폭염+CD 내 우지를 대두유로 대체, 당밀 5%, 메치오닌과 라이신을 각각 CD 의 1.5 배씩 추가 및 비타민 C 300 ppm 을 함유하는 EHD)로 구분하였다. EHS 는 체중 및 사료섭취량을 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈액지질, 혈액 면역물질, F 낭, 흉선 그리고 비장의 무게는 브로일러를 EHS 에 노출하였을 때 유의하게 낮아졌다. 일반 환경온도 처리군과 비교할 때 EHS 처리군에서 맹장 Lactobacillus sp.는 낮았으나 Escherichia sp., Salmonella sp. 및 총호기성균은 높게 나타났으며 각 처리구 사이의 통계적인 유의차가 인정되었다.

본 연구는 산란계 사료 내 돼지감자(Helianthus tuberosus L.)로부터 제조한 미세캡술화 이눌린(microcapsulated inulin, MI)의 고수준 첨가가 혈액지질, 계란콜레스테롤 및 지방산조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 25주령 갈색산란계를 이용하여 4주 동안 실험사료를 급여하였으며, 실험처리구는 MI 무첨가 대조군, 800 ppm, 900 ppm 및 1,000 ppm로 구분하였다. 혈액 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 계란 콜레스테롤은 MI 무첨가군과 비교할 때 첨가군에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 계란 포화지방산 조성은 MI무첨가군과 비교할 때 첨가군에서 낮았으나 불포화지방산은 그 반대로 유의하게 높았다. 본 연구결과는 미세캡슐화 이눌린을 산란계 사료 내 첨가해주면 혈액지질 감소에 의해 계란품질을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사해준다.

The objective of this study was to determine the feeding effect of a diet containing Cordyceps with fly pupa on the changes in blood lipid profile from broiler chickens, fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in chicken meat. A total of 360 chicks (Ross strain 308) were divided on hatch day into four treated groups with respect to a 35-day feeding regimen: T1 (control group), T2 (2.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa), T3 (3.5% Corceps with fly pupa) and T3 (5.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa). Blood triacylglyceride and total cholesterol level was significantly decreased by 5.32-10.63% and 9.23-12.62%, respectively, in groups T2, T3 and T4 when compared to T1 (p<0.05). Water holding capacity was significantly highest in T2 (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences among groups T2, T3 and T. In chicken meat, the ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid was high in the T3 and T4 groups, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid was low in the T2, T3 and T4 groups and oleic acid (18:1n-9) was high in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, when compared to T1 (p<0.05). TBARS tended to increase according to the storage time (in days), and was significantly lower in the chicken thigh muscles with skin in groups T2, T3 and T4 as compared to T1 (p<0.05). These results suggest that a diet containing 2.0-3.5% of Cordyceps with fly pupa may decrease blood lipid and improve both the shelf-life and quality of broiler chicken meat.

The bioactive effects of ethanol extracts from fly maggot (ME) on reduction of plasma lipids levels in rats fed high-fat diets (Expt. Ⅰ), and on liver function recovery of hepatotoxicity rats by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or by orally administration of alcohol (Expt. II) were investigated. In expt. I, twenty seven, male rat SDS(sprague dawley strain) were randomly assigned to three treated groups, including normal control group, HF (group with high fat diets which have no extracts) and HFE (HF plus orally administered doses of ME extract at 5.0 mg/100g of body weight). In expt. II, forty five, male rats (SDS) were randomly assigned to each of the five groups: T1 (control), T2 (intraperitoneal injection of CCl4), T3 (intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 after orally administered with ME), T4 (orally administered with combination of ME and alcohol), T5 (orally administration of ME after orally administered with alcohol). There were significant decreases in plasma (TAG), (TC), (LDL-C) in the HFE group with orally administered doses of ME at 5.0 mg/100g of body weight, respectively, however, the (HDL-C) were significantly increased in HFE group as compared to HF group with high fat diets which have no extracts (p〈0.05). The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferse(γ-GTP) and bilirubin were highest in T2 or T3, and high in order T4 or T5, and lowest in T1 except for bilirubin which has same with T4, T5 (p〈0.05). The high recovery of liver damage by CCl4 from the light microscopic appearance was observed in rats (T3) with extracts, and also high in T4 than T5 by orally administrated with alcohol. In conclusion, the ethanol extracts from fly maggot may have a bioactive effects to prevent for human lipids disorder and alcoholic disease.

This study report that the gamma linolenic acid content of pork is higher in finishing pigs fed diets containing hemp seed oil, evening primrose oil or borage oil as the sources of gamma linolenic acid. Thirty six three crossing swines (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc), 80 kg of body weight, were randomly separated into four treatment groups with three pens per treatment and three animals per pen. The finishing swines were fed the experimental diets for 35 days until they reached the market weight of 110 kg. The animals were assigned to the four experimental diets: control diet containing 5.00% tallow, T1 containing 5.00% hemp seed oil(hemp seed oil 40 : soybean oil 60), T2 containing 5.00% evening primrose oil(primrose oil 40 : soybean oil 60), T3 containing 5.00% borage oil(borage oil 40 : soybean oil 60). The plasma triacylglycerol and total cholesterol content of the swine in the gamma fatty acids-fed groups were significantly(p<0.05) lower than those in the control group. No gamma linolenic acid was detected in the plasma of the control group, while the level of gamma linolenic acid treatment groups was significantly(p<0.05) higher than the control in the order of T3, T2 and T1. Moreover, the level of gamma linolenic acid increased with increasing number of feeding days. There was a significant difference between the treatment groups (p<0.05). There was a difference in the amount of saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulated in the pork according to the treatment groups or the parts of the pork meat. The level of n-3 fatty acid of pork was highest in T1, which had been fed the hemp seed oil, followed in order by T3 and T2(p<0.05). The content of gamma linolenic acid in pork was highest in T3, which had been fed the borage oil, followed in order by T2 and T1(p<0.05). In particular, the level of gamma linolenic acid in pork increased in the order of the back fat, pork belly, ham and loin.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary γ-linolenic acid on plasma lipid metabolism and anti thrombotic activity in male Sprague Dwaley Strain rats. Rats weighing an average of 100~120g were fed a experimental diets containing 5% lard (saturated fatty acids), corn oil(linoleic acid), evening promise oil(EPO, 9% γ-linolenic acid) or borage oil(BO, 24% γ-linolenic acid) for 3Odays, respectively. Though there were no significant difference in the food intake among the groups, the body weight gain of the BO group was significantly lower than that of other group. The spleen weight of the lard group was significantly lower than that of other group. The bleeding time of the BO group was significantly longer than that of other group. The blood clotting time was significantly tended to long in EPO and BO groups compared with lard group. The plasma triacylglyceride and total cholesterol concentration were high in order of lard, com oil, EPO and BO, groups and there were significant differences among the groups. The plasma HDL-C concentrations were high in order of BO, EPO, com oil and lard groups and there were significant differences among the groups. The plasma LDL-C concentrations were significantly the highest in lard group, but the lowest in BO group. These data indicate that γ-linolenic acid has a antithrombotic activity, and decrease the plasma triacylglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations in rats.

Plasma cholesterol함량은 n6 LA에 의한 영향은 없었으며 n3 LL와 EPA의 순으로 감소되어 plasma cholesterol의 저하는 EFA가 가장 효과적이었다. Plasma TG함량은 CO, PO, FO군에서 모두 낮았으며 특히 PO, FO군에서 유의성있게 감소되었다. n6 LA의 경우 plasma와 간조직의 TG함량은 n6 LA에 의해 감소되었으나. lipogenic enzyme활성도는 변화가 있었다. n3 LL를 투여한 PO군의 경우 plasma와 간의 TG함량은 n6 LA에서와 마찬가지로 감소된 반면, lipogenic enzyme활성은 다소 증가되었으나 간의 TG합성을 증가시킬 정도는 아니었다. n3 EPA에 의해 plasma TG는 BT군에 비해 유의성있게 감소되었으며 lipogenic enzyme활성이 낮아졌음에도 불구하고 간의 TG함량은 BT군에 비해 변화가 없었다. Plasma와 간조직의 지방산 조성은 식이지방산에 의한 영향이 잘 나타났는데 CO군은 C_18:2와 C_20:4의 양, C_20:4/C_20:5의 비율이 높았다. PO군은 C_18:3과 C_20:5, C_22:6의 양이 증가되어 C_20:4/C_20:5의 비율이 남았으며 FO군에서는 C_20:5와 C_22:6양이 가장 높게 나타났으며 따라서 C_20:4/C_20:5의 비율은 가장 낮았다.

쥐의 암컷에서 유리불포화지방산, 인지질, creatinine 및 prostaglandin의 혈액내 함량을 측정하여 실험 동물로써의 생리적인 기초자료를 제공하고 또한 임신일수와 분만후 경과시간에 따른 이들 성분의 변화를 관찰하여 임신과 분만에 미치는 영향에 대하여 예비정보를 제공하기 위하여 본 실험을 실시하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 5마리의 임신하지 않는 쥐를 대조군으로 하고 임신한 쥐 35마리를 5마리씩 7군으로 나누어 (5개의 임신군과 2개의 분만군) 100일 동안 실험을 실시하였다. 본 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 쥐 암컷의 혈청내 유리불포화지방산 함량은 의 범위였고 각 실험군간에는 현저한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 임신21일군이 로 비교적 낮은 수준이었다. 2) 쥐 암컷의 혈청내 인지질 함량은 의 범위였고 임신21일군과 분만후 36시간군이 비교적 낮은 수준이었지만, 각 실험군 및 전체임신군과 전체분만군의 평균함량간에는 현저한 차이는 없었다. 3) 쥐 암컷의 혈청내 creatinine 함량은 의 범위였고 각 실험군간에 현저한 차이가 안정되지 않았지만, 임신21일군이 비교적 높은 수준이었다. 4) 쥐 암컷의 혈액내 prostaglandin 함량은 로써 대조군()에 비하여 임신9일(), 12일() 및 15일()군 등이 낮은 수준인데 비하여 임신18일군()부터 대조군보다 증가되기 시작하여 임신21일군()과 분만후 12시간군()까지 계속 증가하여 최고수준에 달했으며 분만후 36시간군()도 대조군에 비하여 현저하게 높은 수준이었다. 그리고 각 실험군간에는 현저한(p<0.01)차이가 안정되었고 특히 전체임신군의 평균함량이 로써 대조군에 비하여 낮았고, 전체분만군의 평균함량이 로써 대조군과 천체임신군의 평균함량보다 매우 높은 수준이었다. 5) 쥐 암컷의 혈청내 유리불포화지방산, 인지질 및 creatinine 함량은 임신일수와 분만후 경과시간에 따라 큰 영향을 받지않는 것으로 생각되지만, 임신말기와 분만후에 약간의 변화가 있었다. 6) 쥐 암컷의 혈액내 prostaglandin 함량은 분만개시에 중요한 역할을 한다고 생각된다.

The purpose this study was to investigate the influences of 5% turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) supplementation on enzyme activities such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase, lipase and catalase in serum of dyslipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (24 male) were divided into four groups, namely the ND group (normal-nondyslipidemic diet), NT group (normal-nondyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric), DD group (control-dyslipidemic diet), and DT groups (dyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric). Serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and uric acid were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by turmeric supplementation diet. The activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, amylase and lipase in sera of turmeric diet group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The catalase activity in serum of turmeric supplementation group was significantly increased than dyslipidemic diet (p<0.05). In vivo experiment with dyslipidemic rats showed that ingestion of turmeric were effective in kidney and hepatic functional enzyme activities. Which suggests that turmeric material could be used for further studies as a potential source for nutraceutical foods.