The N-Screen contents is a kind of emerging technologies to make a new user-experience by integrating multiple devices like smart TVs, personal computers, and smartphones. In the paper, we characterize game design issues of N-Screen based game with smart TV and smartphone and describe the game design issues of 「Beaver Rising」as its case study.「Beaver Rising」is the N-Screen game which developed by our team ans its' game play is similar with a classic game, called「Snake」but it can be played on a smart TV screen while players can control their own beaver characters with their smartphones. We first give a survey of N-Screen games to characterize their properties in the paper. Then, we describe the game play, game design architecture, and user experience of the game,「Beaver Rising」as its case study. Finally, we propose three new properties to make an effective N-screen game with a smart TV and smartphons. The paper will contribute to provide am effective game design guideline when we make a N-screen based game with a smart TV and smartphones.

본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 스마트폰 중독과 마음챙김 명상을 통한 자기조절이 어떠한지 밝히고자 하였다. 스마트폰 중독은 청소년의 전반적인 발달을 저해하고 또래관계나 학교생활에 부적응 문제와 상 관성이 높아 중독의 문제가 시급해서 해결되어야 한다는 사회적 인 식이 확대되고 있다. 이러한 중독의 문제는 청소년의 습관적이고 타 성적인 자동조절상태의 문제로 자신의 생각과 행동을 알아차림하지 못하는 것에서 기인한다고 볼 수 있다. 마음챙김은 매 순간 몸과 마 음에서 일어나고 있는 생각과 행동, 감정을 판단하지 않고 있는 그대 로 알아차리고 수용하는 수행법으로, 스스로를 조절하게 돕는 것이 며 지속적으로 자기를 관찰함으로써 스마트폰 과다사용을 조절할 수 있다. 청소년의 특성에 맞는 마음챙김 수행법으로는 호흡을 관찰하 여‘지금-여기’에 집중하여 자신의 행동을 조절하는 호흡명상과 걷 고 있는 순간순간을 놓치지 않고 마음챙김하고 집중하는 걷기명상 등 자기조절수행법을 설명하였다. 스마트폰 중독의 문제는 대체적으로 자기조절의 실패에서 조망될 수 있다는 점에서 마음챙김 명상은 꾸준하고 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 스마트폰으로 인한 내성, 일상생활 장애, 가상세계 지향 및 스마트폰 사용 중지로 인해 나타나는 금단과 같은 중독의 특 성을 마음챙김 명상을 활용하여 자기조절을 시도해 본다면 그 효과 는 크리라 생각한다. 이에 본 연구의 의의를 둔다.

This study was conducted to figure the usage status and satisfaction of food-related smartphone applications by generic characteristics and food purchase attributes of Seoul area workers. The results show that health vitality-oriented group, married compared to single, those with higher eating-out expenses possess more food-related applications (p<0.05). The primary reason for the usage of food-related applications was the need for food-related information (53.7%). The highest application subjects in use were restaurant-related information and recipe information. The real-life aid food-related applications utilized most were also restaurant information (60.7%) and recipe information (28.3%). Health vitality-oriented respondents especially turned out to use nutrition information and food functionality information often (p<0.01), and recipes or calories & diet information usage frequency was higher in women than in men (p<0.001). Restaurant-related information were more frequently used by singles, highly educated, and those with high income and eating-out expenses (p<0.05). Satisfaction of food-related applications was normal (3.06), showing that the satisfactory level is not yet high. Satisfaction regarding purchase attributes showed that the health vitality-oriented group (3.19) was more satisfied compared to other groups (p<0.05), and women (3.16) were more satisfied that men (2.89) were (p<0.05). Inconveniences of food-related applications were highest in usage fee (3.29), simplicity of information (3.28), lack of reliability of information and need for update (3.10). The results of this study implies that various subdivisions of food-related applications users should be implemented; at the same time, food-related applications covering diverse subjects that regard each group's characteristics should be developed in order to utilize food-related knowledge and information as a marketing tool in the food industry; this can efficiently be done by paying attention to the quality of information and updates within applications.

본 연구는 전문대학생의 스마트폰 사용과 가족의사소통, 자기통제력에 대한 연구로 스마트폰 사용과 가족관계 및 스스로에 대한 통제력 및 스트레스를 살펴봄으로 이 연구를 통해서 스마트폰 사용으로 인한 가족과 대인관계 및 스스로에 대한 통제력과 스트레스를 살펴보고 이와 관련된 문제에 대해 나아가야할 방향에 대해 모색하고자한다. 연구결과 전문대학생의 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향은 일상생활에서 스마트폰이 차지하는 비중, 가치관 스트레스, 즉각적 만족추구, 부모님과의 대화시간순이었다. 부모님 과의 대화시간이 적을수록, 일상생활에서 스마트폰이 차지하는 비중이 높을수록, 경제적 문제와 가치관으로 인한 스트레스가 높을수록, 즉각적인 만족을 추구할수록 중독위험이 높다고 하겠다. 이러한 연구결과는 전문대학생의 가족과 학교관계 및 대인관계와 스스로에 따른 지원전략과 프로그램이 필요하다고 할 수 있겠다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vocabulary learning activity types via smart-phones on vocabulary learning and the attitude of Korean college students. The participants were 56 college students, who were divided into 4 groups: a competitive and self-paced group (Group 1), a competitive and controlled-paced group (Group 2), an individual and self-paced group (Group 3), and an individual and controlled-paced group (Group 4). Vocabulary tests were administered before and after the experiment. The analyses of the post-test results showed that Group 3 had improved most and Group 1 earned the second highest score, indicating that competition can make a positive effect on vocabulary learning via smart-phone applications. The results also revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the post-test scores between self-paced and controlled-paced groups. In addition, vocabulary learning via smart-phone applications improved the participants’ attitudes toward vocabulary learning.

스마트폰의 발전에 따라, 오늘날의 현대인들은 인터넷 뱅킹이나 결제, 금융, 상거래에 이르기까지 생활의 많은 업무들을 스마트폰을 통해 해결하고 있다. 그러나 다른 한편으로는 이러한 스마트폰의 유실에 따른 개인정보 유출 문제가 대두되면서, 사용자들의 불안감 또한 그 어느 때보다 높아지고 있다. 이와 같은 배경 하에, 최근에는 스마트 기기의 잠금장치와 관련한 다양한 보안 시스템 및 기술들이 활발히 개발되고 있는 상황이다. 그러나 잠금장치와 같은 보안기능들은 역설적이게도 사용자들에게 잠금 해제 과정에서의 번거로움과 불편함을 제공하게 된다. 이는 곧 사용자의 편리한 사용이라는 가치와 기기 내 저장 정보 자체의 안전한 유지라는 가치 사이의 상반 관계를 의미하게 된다. 따라서 해당 연구에서는 잠금 해제 과정에서의 안전함과 편리성 사이의 상반 관계를 극복할 수 있는 방법으로 ‘자기은폐성’이라는 개념을 적용하고자 하였다. 또한, 이에 기반을 둔 실험을 통하여, 스마트폰 사용 경험과 향후 사용의도에 대한 측정도 시도하고자 하였다. 결과적으로, 자기은폐성이 적용된 보안기 능은 스마트폰 사용 경험에는 부정적인 영향을 주는 반면, 향후 스마트폰 사용 의도에는 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해, 본 연구는 궁극적으로 스마트 기기의 잠금 해제 과정에서 보다 최적의 경험을 제공 할 수 있는 새로운 사용자 경험 디자인 요소를 제시하고자 한다.

목 적: 본 연구의 목적은 스마트폰의 사용여부에 따른 온도와 상대습도의 변화가 건성안에 영향을 미치 는지 파악하기 위하여 측정 평가하였다. 방 법: 실험은 온도와 습도의 조건을 설정하여 총 9회 측정을 실시하였다. 대상자는 건성안과 관련이 없 는 지원자 30명을 스마트폰 사용 군과 사용하지 않는 군으로 분류하였으며, 1회 측정 시 같은 실험공간과 환 경조건에서 동일하게 2시간동안 지내게 한 후 설문과 Non invasive break up time, tear film Break-Up Time, Schirmer test의 4가지 건성안검사를 실시해 건성안의 유무를 파악하였다. 결 과: McMonnies dry eye symptom questionnaire에서는 상대습도가 낮을 때와 스마트폰을 사용하는 군에서 안구 건조의 발생 가능성이 각각 1.27배(95% CI: 1.201-1.348) 및 0.43배(95% CI: 0.211-0.886) 높 은 것으로 분석되었으며, Schirmer test에서도 상대습도가 낮을 때와 스마트폰을 사용하는 군에서 각각 건 성안의 발생 가능성이 1.36배(95% CI: 1.264-1.478) 및 0.19배(95% CI: 0.080-0.465)로 유의한 결과를 나 타내었다. tear film Break-Up Time의 검사에서의 건성안에 대한 발생 가능성은 상대습도가 낮을 때 1.23 배(95% CI: 1.176-1.303), 스마트폰을 사용하는 군에서 0.15배(95% CI: 0.075-0.330)로 높아졌으며, Non invasive break up time검사에서도 건성안의 발생 가능성이 상대습도가 낮을 때 1.20배(95% CI: 1.149-1.258), 스마트폰을 사용할 때 0.27배(95% CI: 0.141-0.528)로 높아지는 것으로 측정 분석되었다. 결 론: 상대습도가 낮을 때와 스마트폰 사용자에서 건성안의 영향이 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 온도의 변화는 건성안에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

The market of the smartphone game has been changed rapidly which can be seen in the online PC game, ‘SNG’ and became popular among the game lovers. In the same way, ‘Kakaotalk’ has also been appeared suddenly. Therefore, in this research work, we figured out the exploratory factors that affect the intention of use of smartphone users and these effects can help future works on games to those who are doing research on it. In our research method, we reviewed the preceding related researches about the intension of use of smartphone users. Based on these researches, we have extracted factors for suggesting research model and then verified the hypothesis with actual analysis to find out which factors are affecting the intention of use of smartphone game users. The factor and reliability analysis have done in order to examine the validity and reliability of the questionnaires used in this work. As the result, popular genre, character, sequence of hit etc. are affected positively on intention of use of smartphone game users but there are no meaningful effects of game developers. Due to such research, it can be helped to the related game developing academic and industries researchers on intention of use of smartphone games users.

This study was to investigate the influence of parent attachment, perception and attitudes about family mealtime on the smart phone addiction in adolescents. Study variables were attachment to father, attachment to mother, and perception and attitudes about family mealtimes. Middle school student in Seoul and Kyounggi province participated and total 596 questionnaire were analysed. SPSS WIN 18.0 were used in data analysis. As study results, significant factors influence on smart phone addiction were attachment to father, perception and attitudes about family mealtimes, frequence of family mealtimes, gender, grade, and use of SNS. These variables explained adolescents' smart phone addiction for 28.9% and perception and attitudes about family mealtimes were the variable which show the highest explanation. Smart phone addiction was higher as lower an attachment to father, as lower perception and attitudes about family mealtimes, as lower the frequency of family mealtimes, female student, 3rd grade, and as more use of SNS. It is suggested to develop programs and strategies to increase attachment to father, frequency of family mealtime and perception and attitudes about family mealtimes.

2009년 아이폰의 국내 출시 이후 스마트폰의 보급이 급격히 증가하여 기존에 다양한 장비로 수행되어 오던 작 업이 스마트폰으로 대체되었다. 이 과정에서 스마트폰의 작은 화면을 통하여 글자를 읽는 과제를 수행하는 비중 이 상당히 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 일상적인 스마트폰 사용 환경에서 디스플레이 요인(화소 밀집도, 화소 하부구조, 휘도)과 환경 요인(조명 조도)이 글자를 읽을 때의 가독성 관련 불편감에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 확인 하였다. 그 결과 지각된 가독성 관련 불편감에 영향을 미치는 것은 주로 화소 밀집도로, 화소 밀집도가 300 PPI 미만인 경우 글자를 읽는데 불편함을 느낀다는 것을 확인하였다. 조명 조도는 제한적인 영향을 보였다. 참가자들은 조명 조도가 변화 할 때 변화하지 않을 때 보다 더 큰 가독성 관련 불편감을 보고하였다. 화소 하부구조와 밝기는 가독성 관련 불편감에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 가독성을 고려할 때 다양한 크기를 가지는 스마트 기기(스마트 폰, 태블릿 컴퓨터)에서 가독성을 해치지 않는 해상도의 하한선을 제안하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smartphone use on muscle fatigue and tenderness in the cervical erector spinae (CES) and the upper trapezius (UT) and on the cervical range of motion among subjects with and without neck muscle pain. The subjects were 30 smartphone users in their 20 s who -were assigned to either an experimental group with neck muscle pain or a control group without neck muscle pain. Muscle fatigue and tenderness in the CES and the UT as well as the subjects’ cervical range of motion were measured before and after 20-min smartphone sessions in a sitting position. In a between-group comparison of muscle fatigue, the experimental group showed a significantly greater decrease in median frequency in the CES and the right UT after smartphone use (p<.05). Regarding the assessment of muscle tenderness after smartphone use, the experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease in the pressure-pain threshold (PPT) in all muscles (p<.05), whereas the control group showed a significantly decreased PPT in the right CES and the UT (p<.05). The assessment of the cervical range of motion revealed a statistically significant reduction in the cervical flexion-extension and left lateral flexion in the experimental group (p<.05) after smartphone use. However, there was no significant change in the cervical range of motion in the control group (p>.05) after smartphone use. When compared with the control group, the experimental group demonstrated greater changes in cervical extension, lateral flexion, and rotation, except for cervical flexion (p<.05). In conclusion, when smartphone users have pre-existing neck muscle pain, the use of a smartphone further increased muscle fatigue and tenderness in the neck and reduced PPT and the cervical range of motion.

This thesis is focusing on various image photographing techniques equipped in smartphones and their educational uses. Since most smartphones have large quantity of memory and various kinds of applications, taking videos has become possible. For example, they enable us to take pictures of people and scenery using shooting functions and it is possible to move the view horizontally and vertically by handling camera works. The videos taken by these functions are completed by the works of combining, correcting, condensing and building them. Unlike the past, there have been many changes in the course of teaching and learning process between instructors and students by the impact of smartphones. Among them, smartphones have become an essential element in performing cooperative learning. This research is constructed on the real cases of learners, highschool students although more students couldn’t participate in the performance due to their heavy curricular procedure. They planned to make up stories, could recognize the reality of film-making and learn interaction at the last stage of in completing the film, by using smartphones. Smartphones our contemporary men and women are using anytime, anywhere, have become an indispensible item from talking to making educational contents.

본 연구는 기존의 게임에 대한 전반적인 부정적 인식에서 벗어나 긍정적인 측면에서 스마트폰 게임을 살펴볼 필요성이 있다고 판단하여 심리적인 측면에서 스마트폰 게임 이용동기와 게임특성이 게임몰입에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 주요 결과를 제시하면, 스마트폰 게임 이용동기는 현실도피, 기분전환, 즐거움, 몰입, 성취 등으로 나타났고, 이 중 현실도피를 제외한 기분전환, 즐거움, 몰입, 성취가 스마트폰 게임몰입에 유의미한 정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 스마트폰 게임 이용자들이 기분전환, 즐거움, 몰입, 성취동기를 추구할수록 게임몰입도 높아지는 것으로 평가할 수 있다. 둘째, 스마트폰 게임특성 중 게임구성, 조작용이성을 제외하고 게임의 생동감은 게임몰입에 유의미한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 스마트폰 이용자들이 게임을 통해 생동감을 높게 지각할수록 게임몰입이 높아지는 것으로 평가된다. 이상과 같은 결과를 통해 몰입 자체가 건전한 심리작용이고, 스트레스를 해소하거나 여가시간을 즐겁게 보내는데 일정 부분 기여함을 전제로 한다면, 스마트폰 게임 이용이 스트레스를 해소하고 여가시간을 보다 즐겁고 재미있게 보내는데 있어 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있을 것이다. 나아가 일정부분 여가문화 차원으로 활용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

In this study, we identified the characteristics of mobile fashion shopping and verified the path model of effects of these characteristics on mobile fashion shopping purchase intention through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. We conducted the survey targeting smartphone users in their 20s~30s and analyzed the structural equation model using AMOS 16.0. The results were as follows: Mobile fashion shopping characteristics (enjoyment, credibility, instant connectivity, security, and personalization) had positive effects on perceived usefulness and perceived usefulness influenced attitude toward purchase and purchase intention positively. Attitude toward purchase affected purchase intention in a positive way and perceived usefulness had indirect effect on purchase intention through attitude toward purchase. In conclusion, we proposed the marketing strategies of the mobile fashion shopping businesses.

For the recent 5-6 years, the ratio of smart phone users in South Korea has increased to over 65% of cellular subscribers and half of all population. While smartphones have given enormous convenience to our lives, pathological use of smartphones has brought a new mental health concern among the community. Therefore, huge interest sheds on the studies on the cause analysis and treatment of smartphone addiction. However, the traditional clinic approach based survey and interview has serious drawbacks of its subjectivity and inability of continual monitoring and treatment. In this paper, SAMS (smartphone addiction management system) is presented, which monitors the application usage pattern, provides statistical analysis, and policy-based usage intervention. A trail test is performed for checking he reliability and efficacy of SAMS in smartphone addiction research, and some analysis on the collected data are done: daily use count, not daily use time, has strong influence on smartphone addiction: CC=0.62 and CC =0.00 for the correlation coefficients of counts and times with total survey score, and p = 0.047 and p = 0.507 for t-test analysis of contrast group.

The purpose of this study were to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of shoulder passive range of motion measurement using the “Clinometer + bubble level”, a smartphone application and to compare with the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of measurement using a goniometer. Twenty six patients with stroke were recruited for this study. Two raters measured the passive range of motion of four types of shoulder movements (forward flexion; FF, abduction; ABD, external rotation at 90° abduction; ER90 and internal rotation at 90° abduction; IR90) using a goniometer and a smartphone to determine within-day inter-rater reliability. A retest session was performed thirty minutes later to determine within-day intra-rater reliability. The reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM). The ICC (2,1) for the inter-rater reliabilities of the goniometer and smartphone were good in FF and ABD [ICC (2,1)=.75∼.87] and excellent in ER90 [ICC (2,1)=.90∼.95]. The intra-rater reliabilities for the goniometer and smartphone were good or more than good, with an ICC (3,1) value >.75, the exception was IR90 measured by rater 2 on the smartphone. These results suggest that smartphone could be used as an alternative method tool for measurement of passive shoulder range of motion in patients with stroke.

The number of domestic smartphone users exceeded 30 million people, and the time in the future everyone will use a smartphone that will come with ago. Past purchase decisions, related research and product from the competition between the past case and the relevant literature for the smartphone market smartphone type to derive a purchase decision factors in the decision to purchase any difference between the factors. Literature and practices through performance, switching costs, product loyalty, design, brand, after-sales service, the price more than 7 variables were analyzed. One hundred people surveyed, respectively, did not obtain the response of a variety of ages and occupations , age of the sample used in the analysis of this study, and is concentrated as a student at the university of smartphones used to facilitate users analysis was done. We expect smartphone companies and related companies to be able to give guidelines for effective technology management.

Smart phones have brought rapid changes in this competitive world. Smart phone application developers are trying their best to consider the customer requirements in the most efficient way while considering all its attributes. However smart phone service quality has been given less consideration comparatively during the last few years. This paper proposes a measurement method for improving service quality of smart phone application. This method combines the service quality performance model (SQPM) and process capability index (PCI). The service quality performance model is used to identify service items that require improvement. Process capability index is used as a measure for prioritization of those improvements. Case study was carried out to search out important communication application service attributes. customer satisfaction level data was collected for users who used the application service. A total of twenty four service attributes were found during this survey. Using the joint approach of SQPM and PCI, five significant service attributes were prioritized for service quality improvement.