탈기/무산소조, 삼중반응조, 경사판침전조, 막분리조에서 경사판침전조에서 탈기/무산소조로 1Q의 내부반송과 삼중반응조로 0.3~0.5Q의 30분 마다 교대반송을 하였다. 교대반송시 NaOH를 주입하여 탈질원을 제공하였다. TN 유입 농도는 30.1mg/L에서 4.7mg/L로 제거되었으며, 처리수의 NH3-N의 평균농도는 0.5mg/L로 처리되어 대부분 질산화가 이루어졌다. NO3-N은 2.1mg/L로 무산소/탈기, 삼중반응조 및 침전조가 모두 하부로 연결되어 무산소조의 역할이 크게 증가하여 나타난 것으로 판단된다. NaOH(2,000mg/L)를 34mL/min으로 주입한 결과 반송수 상징액의 CODMn 농도는 24.7(19.9~31.0)mg/L로 탈질원이 형성되었음을 알 수 있었다.

탈기/무산소조, 삼중반응조, 경사판침전조, 막분리조에서 2, 3단계에 침전조 하부에 경사판을 설치하였고, 위어의 높이를 증가시켰다. 1단계에서 침전조와 막분리조의 MLSS 차이는 1,800mg/L 정도이며, 2, 3단계에서는 1,300mg/L로 막분리조의 MLSS 농도가 낮아졌다. 경사판침전조에서 막분리조로 이송되는 위어의 단면적이 증가함에 따라 유속이 느려지고, 막분리조로 이동하는 유속인 ULd과의 합이 낮아져 유량이 감소하는 것을 알 수 있다. 위어의 높이를 증가시키거나 단면적을 증가시키면 막분리조의 MLSS의 농축을 낮출 수 있고 경사판침전조의 MLSS 농도를 고농도로 유지 할 수 있어 분리막의 오염을 낮출 수 있다. 처리수의 H3-N의 평균농도는 0.5mg/L로 처리되어 대부분 질산화가 이루어졌다.

Researcher of this study improved conventional circle secondary settling basin, through the way such as extend of inlet pipe length, introduction of device for inducting uniforming of flow, keeping of height of sludge interface. Also, we compared conventional circle settling basin to improved circle settling basin the water treatment efficiency. Result of research, when SVI is average 117, improvement rate of SS and BOD were 51.0%, 37.0% approximately compared to conventional settling basin. And when SVI is average 178, improvement rate of SS and BOD were 22.7%, 36.0% approximately. Also when SVI is average 196, improvement rate of SS and BOD were 24.7%, 30.3% approximately. When it’s winter, improvement rate of SS, BOD, COD, TN and TP were 20.6%, 17.9%, 13.9%, 13.5%, 12.4% approximately. Therefore, we can be the judge, this improved settling basin can be used as the final settling basin in the waste water treatment plant.

In order to suggest the methodology for improving the equity of flow distribution in open channel with multiple outlet, CFD simulations were carried out for actual scale distribution channel being operated in domestic G_WTP(Water Treatment Plant). Also, before and after installing the longitudinal multi hole(diameter=250 mm, 116 holes) baffle suggested by this research, turbidity measurements data were collected for evaluating the effects of hydraulic modification for inlet flow equity. From the both results, total turbidity of settled water was lowered by 30 % and equity of flow distribution was improved about 60 % compared with before hydraulic structure modification.

In this research, a precipitation method was used to synthesize β-Ga2O3 powders with various particle morphologies and sizes under varying precipitation conditions, such as gallium nitrate concentration, pH, and aging temperature, using ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate as precipitants. The obtained powders were characterized in detail by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and TG-DSC. From the TG-DSC result, GaOOH phase was transformed to β-Ga2O3 at around 742˚C, and weight loss percent was about 14 % when NH4OH was used as a precipitant. Also, β-Ga2O3 formed at 749˚C and weight loss percent was about 15 % when (NH)2CO3 was used as a precipitant. XRD results showed that the obtained Ga2O3 had pure monoclinic phase in both cases. When (NH)2CO3 was used as a precipitant, the particle shape changed and became irregular. The range of particle size was about 500nm-4μm based on various concentrations of gallium nitrate solution with NH4OH. The particle size was increased from 1-2μm to 3-4μm and particle shape was changed from spherical to bar type by increasing aging temperature over 80˚C.

The molecular mechanisms of the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are highly variable and result in different features of tumor progression, i.e., local tissue destruction and metastasis to regional lymph nodes. A case of OSCC arising from proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) was analyzed for its protein expression profile by immunoprecipitation (IP) – high performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC) by using 72 antisera and comparing results with those of KB cells. OSCC arising from PVL showed stronger expressions of proteins associated with cell proliferation (MPM2, PCNA, eiF5A, DHS, DOHH), cell survival (pAKT, MDM2, survivin), matrix proteolysis (elaffin), tumor suppression (p16, p21, PTCH1), the WNT/β-catenin pathway (SHH, WNT1, APC, β-catenin, snail), proinflammation (TNFα), angiogenesis (HIF, CMG2, vWF), and cellular protection (HSP-70, FAK, caveolin) and of oncoproteins (STAT3, 14-3-3, K-RAS, PUMA, PIM1) and growth factors (EGFR, bFGF) than KB cells. On the other hand, KB cells showed stronger expressions of proteins associated with apoptosis (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, PARP, FAS, FASL, TGase-1, BCL2, BAD, BID, BAK, FLIP), matrix proteolysis (MMP-2, MMP-9), transcription signaling (NFkB, p38, E2F-1, HO-1), and tumor suppression (p53, RB1, PTEN) and of oncoproteins (DMBT1, CEA) and growth factor (TGF-β1, c-erbB2, VEGF) than OSCC arising from PVL. These data indicate the cells of OSCC arising from PVL are more resistant and more robust than KB cells. Furthermore, they suggest the oncogenic signalings of OSCC arising from PVL play important roles in the aggressive growth and rapid tumor metastasis to regional lymph nodes

One-dimensional flux theory (1DFT) is conventionally used for design of secondary clarifier of wastewater treatment plant. However, the 1DFT cannot describe turbulence, density current, shape parameters of the clarifier. In this study, we optimized the configurations of influent guide baffle and effluent baffle through the simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and its verification by particle image velocity (PIV) test. The energy dissipating inlet (EDI) without influent guide baffle (0°) showed the best efficiency for minimizing downward velocity under the center well of the clarifier. The lowest velocity distribution around the effluent weir region could be obtained with the McKinney baffle (EB-2). The performances of the influent and effluent baffles were clearly verified by PIV test results.

발효 후 침전되는 라거효모의 유변학적인 특성 및 그 변화를 회전점도계를 사용하여 조사하였다. 효모침전물을 희석한 현탁액은 전단속도의 증가에 따라 전단응력이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Power law를 사용하여 분석한 결과 효모의 습중량 분율이 0.83 이하에서는 전단농화(n = 1.19-1.25)의 특성을 나타내었다. 효모침전물의 점도는 4oC 혹은 상온에서 모두 시간이 경과할수록 증가하였다. 상온에서 효모침전물의 전단농화는 2일과 4일 후 다소 약화되었지만 특별히 높은 전단속도(170.7 s−1)에서는 급격하게 감소하였다. 반면 6일째는 전단농화특성이 회복되고 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 유속세포분석기를 사용하여 효모세포는 1배체, 2배체 3배체 및 4배체가 혼합되어 있음을 확인하였다. 효모침전물에서 각각의 배수체의 비율은 시간의 경과에 따라 변하여 효모 세포간 mating 혹은 감수분열과정이 일어나고 있음을 알려준다. 주사전자현미경 사진을 통하여 크기가 작은 효모가 공존하고 있음을 확인하였고 이미지분석기술을 사용하여 시간이 경과할수록 크기가 작은 효모의 비율이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 결과는 효모의 유변학적 특성이 효모의 배수체 분포의 변화 특히 크기가 작은 효모세포의 비율의 변화와 관련이 있음을 알려준다. 본 연구에서 회전 점도를 사용하여 효모 세포의 생리학적인 상태를 모니터링 할 수 있음을 보였다.

The present study has measured the velocity distribution in a three-dimensional shape model of the rectangular settling tank using PIV system. The experiment system consists of hi-speed camera, laser and host computer. Reynolds number based on the guide wall height(H=25mm) has been applied during the whole experiments. The results showed that recirculation flow in settling tank exists and a internal flow weakly influenced by Reynolds number at Re=5×103 greater.