This study emphasizes R&D as a management strategy for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) to achieve competitive advantage and aims to analyze the impact of innovation resistance, prior knowledge, and technological capability on the intention to adopt R&D. The research targeted 403 decision-makers from SMEs that have not adopted R&D. The analysis revealed the following key findings: As a result, both technical capabilities and prior knowledge had a negative effect on innovation resistance. In addition, technological capabilities and prior knowledge had a positive effect on adoption intention, and innovation resistance had a negative effect on acceptance intention. The indirect effects of technical capabilities and prior knowledge both had a positive impact. In addition, we tested whether dependency on partners and trading organizations that accepted R&D had a moderating effect, but it was not significant. The academic implications of this study provide a detailed analysis of how prior knowledge and technological capability affect innovation resistance in SMEs and verify the intention to adopt R&D. The practical implications suggest a direction for small and medium-sized enterprises to reduce innovation resistance in accepting R&D, and companies need to recognize the suitability of R&D and recognize the importance of technological capabilities and prior knowledge in order to reduce innovation resistance.

이 연구에서는 한국 의회에서의 성별 불균형을 해소할 수 있는 남녀동 수제 도입 방안을 모색하였다. 선행연구 및 국제기구와 정부 기관 등의 통계 자료를 바탕으로 여성의 정치적 대표성 현황을 분석한 결과 한국의 경우 2000년 할당제 도입 이후 의회 내 여성 의원 비율이 확대되었지만 다른 국가와 비교하면 여전히 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서는 남 녀동수제를 여성의 정치적 대표성뿐만 아니라 대의민주주의의 발전을 위 한 대안으로 본다. 이에 세계 최초로 남녀동수제를 도입한 프랑스 사례 를 분석하고 한국에의 적용을 논의하였다. 프랑스에서는 남녀동수제 도 입을 위해 여성단체의 연대 활동과 정당들의 자발적인 할당제 시행이 이 루어졌다. 이 과정에서 남녀동수제에 관한 우호적인 여론이 형성되었고 1999년 남녀 동수의 근거가 되는 규정이 헌법에 추가되었으며 2000년 ‘남녀동수법(La loi sur la parité)’이 제정되었다. 따라서, 한국에서 남 녀동수제를 도입하기 위해서는 먼저 남녀동수제가 여성에 대한 우대정책 이 아니라 남녀 모두의 기회 평등을 보장하기 위한 것이라는 인식의 전 환이 필요하다. 다양한 시민단체들이 연대하여 남녀동수제 도입을 위해 적극적으로 활동해야 하며 정당은 당헌·당규상의 할당제 원칙과 법 규정 을 준수하고 여성 후보자 공천을 확대해야 한다. 이후 법제적 측면에서 남녀동수제의 근거가 마련되어 시행된다면 한국 여성의 정치적 과소대표 성의 문제가 해소될 수 있다.

전기자동차의 빠른 확산은 지구온난화와 자연재해 대응을 위해 국제적으로 중요한 과제이다. 대중화를 위해 “캐즘(Chasm) 극복”은 필수적이나, 선행연구들은 전기차 초기시장 분석이 대부분이며 캐즘 단계의 연구는 다소 제한적이다. 본 연구는 전기차 초기 단계를 벗어나는 국내시장에서 소비자의 전기차 구매 주요 저해 요인과, 이에 영향을 주는 소비자의 인구통계학적 특성 및 자동차 관련 경험을 설문과 통계 기법을 통해 심층 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 한국 전기차 시장은 캐즘 전 단계로 판단되며, 전기차의 “기술에 대한 낮은 신뢰성”, “경제성에 대한 의문”, “충전-운전 불편성”이 전기차의 주요 수용 저해 요인으로 확인되었다. 지역에 따른 고속/완속 충전 인프라의 적절한 구축, 교육과 홍보를 통한 전기차의 인식개선, 전기차 수용에 우호적인 얼리어답터(Early adopter)의 전기차 수용 촉진은 캐즘을 극복하는 과정에서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 판단된다.

The rise of social media has led to SMEs adopting some of these platforms into their day to day activities i.e. Facebook, Instagram, twitter, YouTube. Studies on social media adoption and SMEs firm performance are relatively new and fragmented in their focus, however there is an increasing interest from academia and practitioners for further research and investigation within this area. This study’s aim is to understand the factors that influence social media adoption in SMEs; taking into consideration how they apply entrepreneurial orientation, and absorptive capacity plays a role.

AI technology has been increasingly integrated into a wider range of industries – from small-sized home appliances robots to service robots in the hospitality or education sectors. Subsequently, researchers are increasingly interested in understanding how consumers respond to AI robots. Adding to such stream of studies, this research delves into how consumer responses differ depending on the characteristics of AI robots, specifically, the degree of appearance resemblance to a real-life object and the benefit type that the robot is designed to provide. Particularly, this research focuses on the role of perceived fit in shaping consumers’ intention to adopt AI robots as the underlying mechanism.

The proliferation of service robots has led to a growing concern about the impact of these technological advancements on privacy. Despite the development, quantitative research on the influence mechanism of privacy concerns on service robot adoption intentions is still limited. This research explores the influencing mechanism and boundary conditions of the interaction effect between customer privacy concerns and service type on customers’ service robot adoption intentions.

This study examines the impact of digital payment methods on consumer spending, highlighting adoption's moderating role. A two-phase approach, involving 741 survey participants and 166,151 customer records, reveals that digital payments increase willingness to pay and total spending compared to credit cards. Adoption plays a pivotal role, with simple payment users showing significantly higher credit card usage than non-users.

How to shifting consumer behavior to be more sustainable has been a hot research topic. The COVID-19 Pandemic has ignited this since consumers pay more attention to sustainability issues. Sustainability application (app) has been a promising way to connect individuals and provide information to promote a habit of sustainable consumption. The use of these apps to facilitate sustainable consumption has been a recent research focus. The strategy to encouraging app adoption is a research priority identified in a synthesized literature review of prior studies on mobile app marketing. As such, it is imperative to understand how to design sustainability apps to motivate consumers to facilitate app use intention. Attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) model is one commonly used motivational design model, which has been applied to mobile learning systems to examine gamification design. The four factors of ARCS correspond to different strategies to increase users’ motivation to use the app. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop an ARCS motivational model for sustainability apps. A simulated gamified sustainability app was utilized with the aim of reducing carbon footprint. A market research firm was contracted to collect data by using an online questionnaire. Respondents were shown the pictures and functions of the app including the interface of the app, carbon footprint status, the leaderboard of carbon emissions in the community, shop, personal profile and then answered questions. 346 usable questionnaires were obtained. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.

Although older adults’ adoption rates of smartphones have continued to increase in recent years, health-related apps are not widely accepted by older adults. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to explore older adults’ adoption behavior of mobile health (mHealth) apps in the U.S. Specifically, this study applied protection motivation theory (PMT; Rogers, 1975) as the theoretical base to explain older adults’ adoption process of health apps to understand the influences of threat and coping appraisals on older adults’ adoption behavior of health apps. In addition, the current study incorporated the technology readiness theory (Parasuraman, 2000) to understand the influences of older adults’ positive and negative technological readiness (TR) on their PMT components. Data were collected from older adults (n = 600; 60% female) aged over 55 in the U.S. using online survey questionnaires. The data analysis was conducted using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings suggest the impact of coping appraisals on older adults’ attitudes toward mHealth apps and their (continuance) intention to use mHealth apps. Especially among PMT’s four appraisal components, response efficacy was the most critical underlying mechanism driving mHealth app-related attitude and behavioral intention. In addition, older adults’ beliefs about using mHealth apps (i.e., TR) significantly influenced their coping appraisal processes, while positive TR was more critical in forecasting their coping appraisals. The results suggest a need to classify older consumers into different segments based on their TR to develop differentiated marketing strategies. The findings also suggest that marketers understand various protective motivation components concerning the use of mHealth apps among older adults.

This study examines the impact of culture and humanity on new product evaluation in a global context. That is, examining the impact of culture and humanity on the evaluation of radically new products is a key to success in this competitive and saturated market. But very little research has examined how culture and humanity affect the radically new product evaluation both from functional design and form design perspective.

The rapid spread of Artificial Intelligence through various connected intelligent objects (wearables, robots) profoundly changes how service is delivered and experienced by the customers (Bolton et al., 2018; Larivière et al., 2017). Robotics, in combination with rapidly improving technologies, has brought prospects for a wide array of innovations that have the potential to transform service industries radically. Service robots provide businesses with new opportunities to reorganize their frontline and serve their customers in new and innovative ways. Advanced technological innovations that become better, smaller, and smarter are virtually renovating the servicescape (Wirtz & Zeithaml, 2018). Transformation in the Healthcare industry is happening the world over. The International Federation of Robots predicts an ever-increasing demand for healthcare robots, estimated at 9.1 billion USD market in coming year. RoboDocs (Robots helping Doctors) can help standardize the common surgical procedures and catalyze a paradigm shift in the healthcare sector. RoboDocs are the linchpin to greater efficiency, more value, and reducing surgical variability (Muaddi et al., 2021, Huang & Rust, 2018).

This study examines the effects of participation purpose, corporate readiness, and acceptance of changes that may occur in the course of expert guidance on the performance of smart factory. For this study, 129 questionnaires obtained from SMEs participating in the Smart Meister support project were used, and SPSS 18.0 and the AMOS 18.0 program were used for statistical processing for empirical analysis of the hypotheses test. It was found that the company's business participation motivation and readiness status had a significant effect on the acceptance and cooperation of changes that occurred during the consulting process. In addition, the acceptance and cooperation of changes within the company had a significant effect on the satisfaction with the Meister support project and the financial performance. Companies participating in the Meister support project need to clarify their motives for participating in the project and make stable corporate readiness in advance. In addition, based on the CEO’s support, it is necessary to have a motivational program and to build an organizational culture that can actively accept innovation.

This paper presents a strategic adoption model for blockchain technology in nuclear nonproliferation by analysing the implementation of legally binding agreements and leveraging results from governmentleading sectors. Blockchain has been emerging as not only a single promising technology but a foundational one which can be combined with diverse sectors. From the national point of view, it is imperative that the government formulates policy for fostering blockchain-related industries, thereby, gaining a competitive advantage at the national level. Accordingly, the Korean government has established the Blockchain Technology Development and Diffusion Strategies in 2018 and 2020, respectively, to verify the technology by supporting pilot projects for apposite industries, such as customs clearance, transhipment of containers, record-keeping of meat processing, and smart contracts. In addition, the strategies announce to support liaison with regulatory sandbox and cooperation between the projects. Internationally, on the other hand, nuclear nonproliferation imposes the duties of verifying that member states under the NPT and the Safeguards Agreement obey the IAEA mandate, “Atoms for Peace and Development”. Similarly, bilateral nuclear cooperation agreements and administrative arrangements specify reporting obligations for the origin and history records of the Trigger List items. Meanwhile, commercial and industrial secrets and other confidential information of any entities involved have to be securely protected. Provided accompanying activities accomplish the integrity of records and mutual transparency, it brings more credibility, and further, the competitiveness of the state’s nuclear industry. In conclusion, the tasks that the Republic of Korea implements as an exemplary country complying with the nuclear nonproliferation regime have many similarities with the pilot projects that have been or are being carried out under national strategies for fostering blockchain technology elsewhere. This implies that the leveraging of the subsets can derive a new competitive model in blockchain adoption that contributes to the competitiveness of the national nuclear industry due to the advanced nuclear regulations.

집약적 농업시스템으로 특징되는 관행농업은 생산성 증대를 이루었으나, 토질과 수질의 악화 등 농업환경을 오염시키며 농업생태계에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이 연구의 목적은 농업인의 지속가능농업에 대한 관점과 태도를 파악하고, 새로운 영농방식 실천에 장애가 되는 경제적 요인을 분석하는 데 있다. 아울러 농업인들이 인식하는 경제적 장애요인들에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 실증적으로 추적하는 데 연구의 추가적인 목적이 있다. 농업인들은 지속가능농업이 당면한 가장 중요한 문제로 수익성 유지를 지적하면서 이를 최우선적으로 중점을 두고 해결할 것을 주문하였다. 지속가능농업 채택률을 향상시키기 위해서 경제적 동기와 인센티브의 중요성을 강조하였으며, 과거에 비해 향후 지속가능성을 높게 전망했다. 관행농업인이거나 관행농업에서 지속가능농업으로 전환중인 농업인, 그리고 과거에 지속가능농업을 들어 본 적이 있는 농업인이 주목하는 경제적 장애요인은 관행농업에서 지속가능농업으로 전환 시 초래되는 비용으로 나타났다. 지속가능농업 시스템이 구축되었을 때, 효과적이고 효율적인 운영을 위해 농업인이 주도해야 한다고 인식하는 농업인에게는 새로운 영농방식의 불확실성은 큰 장애가 되지 않은 것으로 분석되었다.

한반도 주변이 표시된 유럽 고지도와 고해도를 연구할 때, 존 해리슨에 의한 해상시계의 발명이 있었던 18세기 후반 이전의 지도와 이후의 지도를 구분하여 연구할 필요가 있다. 본초자오선이라는 경도의 기준은 프톨레마이오스가 설정하고 네덜란드 지도제 작자들이 지속해서 사용했던 카나리아 제도였거나, 자편각이 0이 되는 자오선의 발견에 따라 아조레스 군도, 베르데 곶 등 대서양의 다양한 자오선이 본초자오선으로 채택되었다. 1884년 워싱턴 D.C. 국제회의를 통해 표준화될 때까지 자국 천문대 기준으로 경도 좌표 시스템을 사용함에 따라 수십 개의 본초자오선이 존재하였었다. 그리니치 본초자오선 채택 이전의 지도와 해도들의 경도 표기를 통해 제작 국가와 발간연도를 추정할 수도 있다. 본초자오선과 상관없이 해상시계의 사용 이전의 부정확한 경도 측정으로 인하여 한반도의 모양과 위치는 상당한 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

1. 본 연구는 유기질 비료 사용의 효과와 쌀 생산에 유기질 비료 채택에 영향을 미치는 요인을 평가하였다. 2. 2014년 베트남 가계생활수준조사 결과를 활용하여 분석한 결과 무기질 비료만을 사용하는 농민의 쌀 생산량, 수익 및 비용이 유기질 비료를 사용하는 농민의 경우보다 더 크다는 것이 발견되었다. 3. 반면 쌀 생산에 있어 재정적 효율성은 유기질 비료를 사용한 농민이 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 융자가 있거나 넓은 토지를 가진 농민들은 유기 비료를 덜 사용하는 경향이 있음이 분석되었다. 4. 한편, 높은 교육 수준의 농민이나 조합에 가입한 농민의 경우 유기질 비료를 사용할 가능성이 더 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 5. 본 연구는 베트남 농민들이 쌀 생산의 재정적 효율성과 지속 가능성을 높이기 위해 유기질 비료를 적용해야 함을 시 사하며, 이에 베트남 정부는 유기질 비료의 생산과 활용에 동기를 부여하는 정책을 도입할 필요가 있다.

Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) continue to adopt ICT to gain an edge in organizational innovation and competition. This has a management advantage, but it also brings vulnerabilities as to cyber security. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct an exploratory study on the cyber security situation of SMEs. A survey was conducted on Korean SMEs to determine how well they are connected to ICT and how much they are exposed to cyber security threats. The results suggest two things. First, Korean SMEs are well connected to ICT, but there is a gap between the actual adoption and human recognition of its importance. Second, security threats and breaches affect the majority of SMEs, but several problems including costs have not been properly evaluated. The results of this study are expected to help improve the cyber security management system of Korean SMEs.

농업 기업가의 과학 기술적 경향은 새로운 기회를 식별하고 탐구하기 위해 필요해지고 있다. 최근 연구에 따 르면 신기술의 채택은 기업가적 지향(EO)의 광범위한 접근법과 일치한다. 농업의 타당성이 증가하고 있다고 해도, 기업가적 연구는 대체로 이 도전적인 분야를 간과해 왔다. 게다가, 문헌에는 경험적 연구가 상대적으 로 부족하고 여전히 연구되어야 하는 부분이며 잠재력이 있다고 논하고 있다. EO의 문헌에서 비롯된 이 연 구는 농업 분야인 HEO(Humanine Entrepreneural Orientation)의 접근을 제안한다. 이 논문은 HEO의 다양한 치수가 농가의 신기술 채택 성향에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위한 경험적 분석을 제안한다. 모든 결과는 기업, 연구 시스템 및 공공 정책에 대한 몇 가지 시사점을 강조한다. 농업이 매우 특이한 분야이고 제조업과 상당히 다르더라도 농민도 기업인으로 볼 수 있으며 기업가정신을 따를 수 있다고 본다. 따라서, 경험적 연구의 상대 적 부족인 농업 EO에 대한 문헌을 본 연구를 통해 풍부하게 할 수 있다고 본다.