본 연구에서는 양이온 교환막으로 Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)를 사용하였고, 음이온 교환막은 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)과 poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm)을 혼합하여 가교시킨 막을 이용하였으며, 이에 대한 막결합형 축전식 탈염 공정(Membrane capacitive deionization, MCDI)의 성능실험을 진행하였다. 음이온 교환막의 함수율, 이온교환용량, FT-IR 측정을 통하여 막의 특성을 알아보았다. 음이온 교환막의 가교 시간이 3 h에서 5 h으로 증가할수록 염 제거 효율은 81.3%에서 65.7, 53.8%로 감소하였다. PVAm의 농도를 40, 60, 80%로 달리하여 실험한 결과 염 제거 효율은 81.3, 75.2, 37.7%로 PVAm이 80% 함량일 때 가장 효율이 떨어졌다. 이는 음이온 교환막의 가교 시간과 PVAm의 농도가 염제거 성능에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

Landfills are nettlesome sources of malodorous gases as well as methane that has the second largest radiative forcing of long residence-greenhouse gases, followed carbon dioxide. Because methane and malodorous gases are simultaneously emitted in landfills, investigation of whether or not methane and malodorous gases affect each other’s degradation is important. Amines such as monomethylamine(MMA), dimethylamine(DMA) and trimethylamine(TMA) are representative malodorous gases from landfills. In this study, the effect of amines on the bio-oxidation of methane was evaluated using a methane-oxidizing consortium where the dominant bacteria were Methylocystis spp. Amines inhibited the methane oxidation by the consortium, and the inhibition effect increased in the order of TMA > DMA > MMA. Methane oxidation rates in the consortium decreased with increasing amine/methane ratio(mol/mol). These results can be used to design and optimize the biological processes for simultaneous removal of methane and malodorous gases.

본 연구에서는, 유기용매를 사용하지 않는 친 환경적인 건식 공정과 초임계 공정을 이용한 Thin-multiwalled carbon nanotube (TWNTs)/아민계 에폭시 첨가제의 복합체 제조에 관하여 연구를 하였다. 제조된 TWNTs/아민계 에폭시 첨가제의 복합체는 우레탄기반의 비스페놀 A 타입의 에폭시 레 진의 경화제로 사용하였다. TWNTs/아민계 에폭시 첨가제의 복합체를 경화제로 사용하여 제조된 에폭 시 레진의 열적 성질을 Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)를 이용하여 분석 하였으며, 메트릭스상의 carbon nanotube 의 높은 분산성은 SEM을 통하여 확인 하였다. 그 결과, 초임계 공정을 이용하여 제 조된 에폭시 레진의 열적 성질과 매트릭스내의 carbon nanotube 분산성이 건식 공정을 사용 하였을 때 보다 더욱 증가된 결과를 확인 할 수 있었다

The side effects, such as belching and headache, after Makgeolli intake are an obstacle to the development of the Makgeolli industry. The side effects of drinking Makgeolli have many causes. The possibility of BA production by incorrect storage conditions cannot be excluded. This study analyzed the BA contents produced in non-sterilized Makgeolli after 5 days storage at 4 and 20℃. BA was not detected in Makgeolli stored at 4℃, but putrescine and tyramine were detected in 20℃. A drinking test was performed to determine the relevance of the BA contents and hangover symptoms. The results revealed no significant difference in the taste score and symptoms score between 4 and 20℃ storage. Therefore, the results suggest that the presence of BA in Makgeolli produced during room temperature storage for 5 days does not induce or strengthen hangover symptoms. On the other hand, the alcohol and BA dose may be insufficient to represent the normal symptoms of a hangover.

본 연구는 1차 아민(MEA, monoethanolamine)으로 개질한 입자상 활성탄(WSC-470)을 이용하여 실내 저농도 이산화탄소를 제거하고자 하였다. MEA 함침농도(6.1~42.7 wt.%)와 용매제(distillate water, ethanol, methanol) 종류에 따라 제조된 흡착제의 특성분석(BET, pore property, XPS)과 각 흡착제의 CO2가스에 대한 최대 흡착능, 3000 ppm의 저농도 CO2분위기에서의 흡착량을 측정하였다. MEA 농도가 증가할수록 물리적 특성인 비표면적, 공극률, 미세기공률 등은 감소한 반면, 표면 염기도 향상에 기여하는 질소 함량은 증가하였다. 이러한 물성변화로 인해 최대 흡착능은 초기 활성탄(RAC: 3.27 mmol/g) 대비 최대 71%(AC-MM(42.7, 40): 0.937 mmol/g)가 감소한 반면, 저농도 이산화탄소에 대한 선택적 흡착량은 45%(AC-MM(15.3, 40): 0.73 mmol/g)의 향상을 보였다.

Chitosan is widely used in cosmetics and medical fields. Special emphasis has been put on the chemical modification of chitosan to explore its full potential. We have described the synthesis and biological activity of novel peptide amino acid derivatives. The polyamino acid derivatives were synthesized by introducing alkylamine functional group on chitosan at C-6. The poor aqueous solubility of chitosan derivatives hinder both pharmacological studies and pharmaceutical development. To make amino acid coupled chitosan derivatives with improved biological effect and solubility, some attempts have been taken to consist of amino peptide group like aspartic acid and phenylalanine-aspartic acid derivatives onto chitosan C-6. The resultingly substituted chitosan was characterized by solubility in various solvents. We measured chitosan derivatives with 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Also, We were investigated on the physical properties and biological activities of these products.

A study on the corrosion inhibition of metals is important in many industrial applications (carbon steel, copper, aluminum, SUS 304, nickel). In this study, we investigated the C-V diagrams related to the surface corrosion of metals. It was observed through the SEM that the surface corrosion state of the various metals had the corrosion potential by the scan rate and the organic inhibitor containing an amine group. We determined to measure cyclic voltammetry using the three-electrode system. The measurement of oxidation and reduction ranged from -1350mV to 1650mV. The scan rate was 50, 100, 150, and 200mV/s. It turned out that the C-V characterization of SUS 304 was irreversible process caused by the oxidation current from the cyclic voltammogram. After adding organic inhibitors, the adsorption film was constituted, and the passive phenomena happened. As a result, it was revealed that the inhibition effect of metal corrosion depends on the molecular interaction, and the interaction has influence on the adsorption complex.

We prepared the amine epoxy adducts (AEA)/thin multiwalled carbon nanotubes (TWCNTs) composite particles using nonsolvent based methods including dry mechano-chemical bonding(MCB) process and supercritical fluid (SCF) process. The resulting TWCNTs/AEA composite particles have been used as curing agents for urethane modified bispheol A type epoxy resin. The thermal, thermomechanical properties of the epoxy resins cured with TWCNTs/AEA composite particles were measured by DMA and the dispersion of CNT was characterized by SEM. Because of high degree of CNT dispersion, thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin cured with TWCNTs/AEA composite particles prepared by SCF process are better than those cured with mechano-chemically prepared TWCNTs/AEA composite particles.

In this work, the CO2 adsorption behaviors of amine functionalized activated carbons (ACs) were investigated. The surface of ACs was modified with urea, melamine, diethylenetriamine (DETA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), polyethylenimine (PEI), and 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (ATPS). The various surface properties of amine functionalized ACs were characterized by Boehm's method, nitrogen full isotherms, XPS, and TGA analyses. The active ingredients impregnated on the ACs show significant influence on the adsorption for CO2 and its volumes adsorbed on amine functionalized ACs are larger than that on the pristine ACs, which is due to the grafted amine groups of the AC surfaces.

Although the pyrimidine derivatives were obtained in low yields ranging from 8% to 20%, we reported the successful preparation of N,N-diaryl-pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives starting from the corresponding 2-aminopyrimidines (1a-1c), by direct palladium-catalyzed arylation using different arylbromides. The reasons of low yields are thought to be the electronic and steric effects by the neighboring aromatic systems. The absorption spectra and photoluminescent spectra of compounds (3a 3g and 4a-4c) were measured using dichloromethane on the concentration of 25 mM by UV vis spectroscopy and luminescent spectroscopy. Pyrimidine derivatives 4a, 4b, and 4c showed moderate emission maxima at 474 nm, 481 nm, and 367 nm, respectively, while other compounds showed very weak photoluminescence or no photoluminescence at all.

In general, anionic and cationic surfactants are incompatible because their mixtures form insoluble complexes. There are, however, some complexes that are soluble and behave like regular surfactants, specifically like nonionic surfactants, thus named pseudo-nonionic surfactant complexes. Pseudo-nonionic complexes are more effective and efficient than their ionic surfactant components as shown by their equilibrium and dynamic surface tensions and interfacial tensions. They pack at the interface more than their ionic components. Since, pseudo-nonionic complexes show their own characteristics, they can be treated as separate classes of surfactants distinct from ionic and nonionic surfactants. Novel cationic surfactant was synthesized, having the polyhydroxyl group at the head group. We found that aqueous mixtures of our cationic surfactant and usual anionic surfactant(SDS) could form homogeneous solutions even at high concentration. The properties of mixed surfactant solutions were measured. Foam stability, CMC(critical micelle concentration), water hardness tolerance and thickening effect were tested. The foam stability of mixed surfactants was very good and various synergy effects were observed.

Several instances of synergistic interaction have been identified between alkyl amine oxide and long chain fatty acohol polyethoxylates in various surfactant formulation. The purpose of this study was examined whether these benefits could be observed within the framework of generic hand-surface cleaning formulations. Comparative evaluation were also carried out to determine the performance characteristics of low-and zero-phosphate systems in which amine oxide and alcohol ethoxylates are used. Best cleaning was observed with 1:1 mixtures of the subject surfactants, but substantial improvements over fatty alcohol ethoxylate alone also were noted with formulations that contained lower ratios of amine oxide

건조과정 중의 amine의 함량 변화는 초기건조 온도의 상승으로 DMA와 TMA의 함량이 건조 9일째까지 급격히 증가하였고, 인공건조의 경우가 자연건조보다 DMA, TMA 함량이 낮게 나타났다. TMAO의 경우, 건조과정 중 분해되어 함량이 감소되어 DMA, TMA 함량과 역상관계를 보였다. DMA와 TMA의 생성은 건조과정에서 생성되고 있으며 유통과정에서 더욱 많이 발생된 것으로 사료되므로 유통에 따른 유해성 문제점을 심각하다고 판정되므로 유통방법 개선이 필요하다고 생각된다.

Halloysite nanotube (HNT) has a nanotube structure with the chemical formula of Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · nH2O and is a natural sediment of aluminosilicate. A lot of research has been conducted to improve the mechanical properties of epoxy composites by generating interactions between HNTs and polymers through surface treatment of HNTs, such as exchange of amine group as a terminal functional group. However, most of the surface modification methods are performed under wet conditions, which require a relatively large amount of time, manpower and solvent. In order to save time and simplify complicated procedures, a dry coating machine was designed and used for amine group exchange. Comparing the XPS results, it was found that the results of NH2-HNT prepared using a dry coating machine and the substitution through the wet method were not significantly different, and it has been confirmed that the amount of solvent used and the time savings can be made.

In order to cope with some drawbacks of conventional CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) technologies, the new way to deal carbon dioxide have been studied a lot. One way to deal emitted carbon dioxide is to convert carbon dioxide into metal carbonate salt which can be used for various purposes such as raw materials for construction, additives for paper-making industries and so on. In this method, securing the source for metal cation is important and in this research, concentrated industrial wastewater was used to supply metal cation. In the wastewater, calcium and magnesium ions were dissolved and this could make cpatured carbon dioxide to be converted to metal carbonate salts. As a result of the chemical conversion, the amount of carbon dioxide converted to the precipitated salts and the crystal structures of them were suggested. To verify the crystal structures and the composition of salt mixtures, Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction analysis were utilized.